Pan-Arabism before Nasser: Egyptian Power Politics and the Palestine Question (Studies in Middle Eastern History)

242 Pages·2002·2.36 MB·English

by  Michael Doran

Pan-Arabism
before Nasser:
Egyptian Power Politics
and the Palestine Question
MICHAEL DORAN
Oxford University Press
Pan-Arabism before Nasser
Studies in Middle Eastern History
BERNARDLEWIS,ITAMARRABINOVICH,ANDROGERSAVORY
GeneralEditors
THETURBANFORTHECROWN NASSER’S‘‘BLESSEDMOVEMENT’’
TheIslamicRevolutioninIran Egypt’sFreeOfficersandthe
SaidAmirArjomand JulyRevolution
JoelGordon
THEARABPRESSINTHEMIDDLE
EAST THEYOUNGTURKSINOPPOSITION
AHistory M.S¸u¨kru¨ Haniog˘lu
AmiAyalon
CROSS-CULTURALENCOUNTERS
IRAN’SFIRSTREVOLUTION ANDCONFLICTS
Shi’ismandtheConstitutionalRevolution CharlesIssawi
of1905–1909
THEFERTILECRESCENT,1800–1914
MangolBayat
ADocumentaryEconomicHistory
SADDAM’SWORD EditedbyCharlesIssawi
PoliticalDiscourseinIraq
THEMAKINGOFSAUDIARABIA,
OfraBengio
1916–1936
FromChieftaincytoMonarchicalState
ISLAMICREFORM
JosephKostiner
PoliticsandSocialChangein
LateOttomanSyria EUNUCHSANDSACRED
DavidDeanCommins BOUNDARIESINISLAMICSOCIETY
ShaunMarmon
KINGHUSSEINANDTHE
CHALLENGEOFARABRADICALISM THEIMPERIALHAREM
Jordan,1955–1967 WomenandSovereigntyinthe
UrielDann OttomanEmpire
LesliePierce
PAN-ARABISMBEFORENASSER
EgyptianPowerPoliticsandthe FROMABDULLAHTOHUSSEIN
PalestineQuestion JordaninTransition
MichaelDoran RobertB.Satloff
Othervolumesareinpreparation.
PAN-ARABISM before NASSER
Egyptian Power Politics and
the Palestine Question
MICHAEL DORAN
NewYork Oxford
OxfordUniversityPress
1999
1
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andanassociatedcompanyinBerlin
Copyright(cid:1)1999byOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.
PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.
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www.oup.com
FirstissuedasanOxfordUniversityPresspaperback,2002
OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,
storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,
electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,
withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Doran,MichaelScott,1962–
Pan-ArabismbeforeNasser:Egyptianpowerpoliticsandthe
Palestinequestion/MichaelDoran.
p. cm.—(StudiesinMiddleEasternhistory)
Includesbibliographicalreferences.
ISBN0-19-512361-1;0-19-516008-8(pbk.)
1.Egypt—Politicsandgovernment—1919–1952. 2.Pan-Arabism.
3.Egypt—Foreignrelations—Arabcountries. 4.Arab-Israeli
conflict. I.Title. II.Series:StudiesinMiddleEasternhistory
DT107.82.D67 1999
962.05—dc21 98-23001
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
onacid-freepaper
For
Mark Mancall
Acknowledgments
I
WELCOME this opportunity to thank Professor L. Carl Brown, who
supported me in this project from the beginning, and who made many useful
commentsonthemanuscript.Hisprofessionalismwillalwaysbeamodelforme.
IoweanimmensedebtofgratitudetoProfessorMichaelCook,whohelpedme
refinemyideas,readeverydraftchapter,andmadeinvaluablesuggestions.Many
thanks are due to Professor Robert Tignor, who also read the entire draft and
offeredmanyhelpfulcomments.ProfessorBernardLewisdirectedmetoanum-
berofvaluablesources,readseveraldraftchapters,andbolsteredmyconfidence.
ProfessorAbrahamUdovitchalsoreadpartsofthemanuscript;whenworkspace
and moral support were in short supply, he provided both. Professor Norman
Itzkowitzreadtwochaptersandmadehelpfulcomments.
My views on the postwar Middle East developed in tandem with those of
Joshua Landis, from whom I have learned much about Syria. Joe Maiolo read
andcommentedontwochapters;moreimportant,heactuallyenjoyedtalkingat
length about the balance of power. Professor Yohanan Friedmann, Professor
Andras Hamori, Shahab Ahmed, and Abdelmajid Hannoum helped me with
translations. Avraham Sela’s unpublished Ph.D. thesis aided me in more ways
thanmyfootnotesindicate,notleastofallbecauseitdemonstratedtheimmense
valueofthesecondvolumeofthememoirsofTahaal-Hashimi.Muhammadal-
Masri introduced me to Jordan; he opened his library, providing me with rare
sources that do not bear directly on this book but nonetheless inform its per-
spective.IbenefitedmorethanoncefromthecriticaleyeofStephenLarsen,who
deservesmanythanks.
The writing of this book would not have been possible were it not for the
backingthatIreceivedfromtheDepartmentofNearEasternStudiesatPrinceton,
and, in particular, from its Chairman, Professor Andras Hamori. In addition, I
am very grateful for the generous financial support that I received from the
Fulbright-HaysResearchCommitteeandfromPrincetonUniversity.MaryCra-
parotta, Kathleen Knight-O’Neill, David Redman, and Nancy Carnes offered
manykindnessesbeyondtheirobligations.AttheOxfordUniversityPress,Tho-
masLeBienwasparticularlyhelpfulandpatient;BarryKatzen’scopyeditingim-
provedmytext.
Myparentscannotbeadequatelyacknowledgedinthisspace;norcanMelanie,
whowaited.
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Contents
ANoteonTransliterationandTerminology,x
Introduction,3
ONE TheTaprootofEgyptianForeignPolicy,9
TWO IntheAmericanEra,44
THREE TheKeystoneintheArch,66
FOUR PalestinebetweentheRegionalBlocs,94
FIVE TheDecisiontoIntervene,128
SIX WarandContainment,156
Conclusion,193
Notes,197
Bibliography,221
Index,227