Table Of ContentPaleoindian Archaeology
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Florida A&M University, Tallahassee
Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton
Florida Gulf Coast University, Ft. Myers
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University of South Florida, Tampa
University of West Florida, Pensacola
Paleoindian Archaeology
A Hemispheric Perspective
d
EditEd by
Juliet E. Morrow and Cristóbal Gnecco
University Press of Florida
Gainesville/Tallahassee/Tampa/Boca Raton
Pensacola/Orlando/Miami/Jacksonville/Ft. Myers/Sarasota
Copyright 2006 by Juliet E. Morrow and Cristóbal Gnecco
All rights reserved
First cloth printing, 2006
First paperback printing, 2008
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Paleoindian archaeology: a hemispheric perspective/edited by Juliet E.
Morrow and Cristóbal Gnecco.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8130-3014-2 (cloth)
ISBN 978-0-8130-3389-1 (paperback)
ISBN 978-0-8130-4007-3 (e-book)
1. Paleo-Indians. 2. Paleo-Indians—Implements. 3. Stone implements—
America. 4. Excavations (Archaeology)—America.
5. America—Antiquities.
I. Morrow, Juliet E. II. Gnecco, Cristóbal
The University Press of Florida is the scholarly publishing agency for the
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sity, Florida Atlantic University, Florida Gulf Coast University, Florida
International University, Florida State University, New College of Florida,
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Florida, University of South Florida, and University of West Florida.
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For Chris and Jill
In gratitude for your love and patience
Contents
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xiii
Preface and Acknowledgments xv
Introduction 1
Juliet E. Morrow and Cristóbal Gnecco
Part I. Continental Issues and Comparisons
1. Paleoindians without Mammoths and Archaeologists without Projectile
Points? The Archaeology of the First Inhabitants of the Americas 9
Luis Alberto Borrero
2. Points in Time: Establishing a Precise Hemispheric Chronology for
Paleoindian Migrations 21
Stuart J. Fiedel
3. Grassland Archaeology in the Americas: From the U.S. Southern Plains
to the Argentinean Pampas 44
Eileen Johnson, Gustavo Politis, María Gutierrez, Gustavo Martínez,
and Laura Miotti
Part II. Perspectives from the South
4. The Clovis Colonization of Central America 69
Anthony J. Ranere
5. Early Humanized Landscapes in Northern South America 86
Cristóbal Gnecco and Javier Aceituno
6. Fluted and Fishtail Points from Southern Coastal Chile: New Evidence
Suggesting Clovis- and Folsom-Related Occupations in Southernmost
South America 105
Lawrence J. Jackson
Part III. Perspectives from the North
7. New Radiocarbon Dates for the Clovis Component of the Anzick Site,
Park County, Montana 123
Juliet E. Morrow and Stuart J. Fiedel
8. The Rancholabrean Termination: Sudden Extinction in the San Pedro
Valley, Arizona, 11,000 BC 139
C. Vance Haynes Jr.
9. Paleoindian Archaeology in Florida and Panama: Two Circumgulf
Regions Exhibiting Waisted Lanceolate Projectile Points 164
Michael K. Faught
References 185
List of Contributors 243
Index 245
Figures
2.1. Comparison of Late Glacial German tree-ring and Cariaco basin varve
dates 37
3.1. Major grassland ecosystems of North and South America 45
3.2. North American grassland biome 47
3.3. The short-grass steppe 48
3.4. Río de la Plata grassland and pampas subdivisions 50
3.5. Lubbock Lake Landmark within southern High Plains 52
3.6. Argentinean pampas with locations of early sites 56
3.7. Paso Otero sites in the middle basin of the Río Quequén Grande 58
4.1. Paleoindian localities in Central America 76
4.2. Bifaces from La Mula West, Panama 78
4.3. Biface fragments from La Mula West, Panama 81
4.4. Bifaces from Turrialba, Costa Rica 84
5.1. Northern South American regions mentioned in the text 88
5.2. Late Pleistocene and early Holocene bifaces from South America 90
5.3. Pollen composition from El Jazmín 94
5.4. Principal component analysis of pollen from El Jazmín 95
5.5. Macrobotanical remains from San Isidro 96
6.1. One-sigma variance plot of Fishtail component dates 110
6.2. Fishtail points from Fell’s Cave, Chile 113
6.3. Fishtail and fluted points from Madden Lake, Panama 114
6.4. Clovis-like fluted points from southern coastal Chile 116
7.1. Locations of selected Early Paleoindian sites 124
7.2. Clovis bifaces associated with Anzick site infant 127
7.3. Plot of maximum width versus maximum thickness for Anzick bifaces
127
7.4. Anzick foreshaft 129
8.1. Southeastern Arizona, with upper San Pedro Valley 142
8.2a. Generalized geologic cross section of San Pedro Valley near Lewis
Springs 143
8.2b. Generalized geologic cross section of Curry Draw at Murray Springs site
143
8.3a. Badland exposures of the Saint David Formation 144
8.3b. Aerial view of Curry Draw and Murray Springs site 144
Description:Since the 1997 report of investigations into the Monte Verde site in Chile, there has been a surge of interest in early habitation sites and a polarization of opinion about the antiquity of humans in the Americas. While Clovis remains the earliest undisputed cultural complex in the New World and one
