Pakistan: The Unstable State [1983]

343 Pages·1983·15.11 MB·English

by  Hassan Gardezi

PAKISTAN:
THE UNSTABLSET ATE
© 1983H assan Gar&d Jeazmii Rla shid
VanguarBdoo ksL td.
8-DaviRso adL,a hore.
Pakistan.
Allr ighrtess ervNeod p.a rotf t hipsu b litcoian
may_b e reproducoerd t ransmititne adn y
formo r by any means,w ithouptr iopre r­
missioinn writinfgr om the authorasn d
publishers.
Firsptu blish1e9d8 3b y
VanguaBrdo oksL td.
Typeseotn I BM-MCCi nP R-10
PrintiendP akistbayn
AlliPerd esTsh,e M all,
Lahor-e Pakistan.
PAKISTAN:
THEU NSTABLSET ATE
Editors
HASSANG ARDEZI
JAMILR ASHID
\�\NGIJHAOllO)K)SI .'I'))
CONTRIBUTORS
HAMZA ALAVI isaw elkln owsno cisacli enwthiosh ta sw rittaenndl ectured
widel·yo,nS outAhs iap;e asarnetv olutviiolnlslia,fg eei nP akistUa.nSa,.i d
andi ssuoefsc hangaen dd evelopmientn hteThi rd Worlcdo untrHieeh sa.s
-contridbeufitneidt airvtei colnet sh et heoretsitcuadolyf p ostcolsoonicaile ­
tieHsi.sp ursuhiatvsine c ludebde inga P rinciOpfafilc earn dS ecrettaotr hye
Boarodf G overnoSrtsa,tB ea nokf P akistaend,i tPiankgi stTaonda y,w orking
ona farimn T anzaniaan dd oinegt hnographirceasle airnca hP unjavbi llage.
Versatilbeyt rainainngde xperiehneca ec,q uiraPe hdD i na nthropoalnodgy
nowt eachienst heF aculotfyE conomiacnsdS ociSatlu diUensi,v erosfi ty
ManchestEenrgl,a ndH.e h asr ecenetdliyt Theed SocioloogyfD eveloping
Societi_�psu,b libsyhM eadc millaUKn.,
FEROAHMZE D isa socsicaile natnidsa wt e lkln owpno litaincdea clo nomic
analyHset s.t udibeido loagtyKa rachuin iverasnidtw ye nto nt oo btaai n
doctordaetger eiend emographHye. f oundeadn de ditPeadk istFaonru m
.unt1i9l7 w9h eni tb ecamiem possitbocl oen tiniuteps u blicatHieo nh.a s
lectuwroerdl d-woindt eh ep olitieccalo nomoyf P akistaanndi sc urrently
teachidnegv elopmeecnotn omicastt ·h eN ewS choooflS ociRaels earch, New
York.
HASSAN N.G ARDEZaI s ocioloaginsdta nthropolwoagsia s lte,c turer
andl atecrh airmoafnt. h eD epartmoefnS to cioloPguyn,j ab UniveHres ity.
isa f oundimnegm bearn dp asptr esidoeftn hteP akisStoacni oloAgiscsaolc ia­
tionH.i sp ublicatiionncsl uadS eo cioliongyP akistaanndn, u meroeusssa ys
andm onographosn thep olitieccaoln omayn di nstitutionalo fs tructure
PakistaHne. h oldas P hDi ns ociolaongdyn owt eachaetAs l gomUan iver­
sitCyo llegCea,n ada.
BILAHALS HMI isa sociolowghioss pte cialiint zheess t udoyf m ilitary,
bureaucraantd·i icn tellecetluiatHlees .h asp ublishneudm eroruess earch
essaaynsd m onograpohnst hesseu bjectbs�.gHaewn o rka tt heS ocio-Econo­
micR esearCcehn trPeu,n jaUbn-iversaintdhy a,s t aughit nC anadUan,i ted
StataensdM exicHoe.h oldas P hDi na nthropoalnodcg uyr renttelayc haets
EasteWrans hingtoUnn iversUi.tSy.,A .
ANIS ALAM isa physicwihsoht a sp ublisohnes dc ienecdeu cattiroann,s fer
oft echnolobgrya,i dnr aiann dr elatteodp icHse. h asw orkeads a visiting
scholIanrs,t itoufEt deu catiLoonn,d oUnni versiHteyh .o ldasP hDd egreien
physiacnsdi sc urrently atteP aucnhijnagb UnivPearksiisttya,n .
ABDUR RAUF isa ne ducatsioocniaowllh oosg tiasratts es doa c wioarlk er
inP akisHtaavinns.gp esnotmy ee aasr asni mmigrlaanbto iunEr neglra hned ,
wenotnt oo btaaPi hnD d egree in seodcuicoaHltioirsgoe yns.aea lan rdc h
publicianttieoirnne cslttushdr eee latiboentswhiceplesas ann d e ducational
opportCuunirtryeh.net t elayca htAe lsg oUmnai veCrosliltCeyag ned,a .
SHAHNAZR OUSiEa sr ursaolc ioloegixstte nfiwseiiltvedh - ·weoxrpke rience
inP akisviltlaangHiee srr.e seanadrp cuhb liicanttieoinrnce lsuttdhssee t atus
ofr urwaolm einnP unjSahbei. sc urrewnotrlkyain tgt hLaen dT enure
Research UIrivniesrtsoiiftWt uiyts ec,o Un.sSi.naA,n.i d sc ompltehtei ng
requiroefhm eePrnh tDds e gree.
RASIIlDAMJ AD iasn e conosmpiescti ainle iczoinnogm ic danedv elopment
concentorfa teicoonn omHiehc a pspu obwleisrse.hv eerdre aslear atricchl es
anmdo nograpthhse ssoujenbe cHtese .d itthjseo urPakniaslta Enc onomic
andS ociaRle vieHw.eh asse ravsev dia s istcihnofoglrt a hrAe s iDaenv elop­
menPtr ogreo fI LOi nTha ilanHdew. a tsh aec tcihnagir moaftn h e
amm
departomfse oncti oPluongjUyan,bi versitwyh,e hrPeeai cksui rsrteannt,l y
taechiHnehg o.l adPh sD "d egirnee ceo nofrmoimCc asm brUinidvgeer sity.
ZAFAR SHAHEEiDas s ocsicaile snpteicsializintig nl absotuurdfr ioemas n
.i ntecridpislpienrasrpye Hceht aicsvo en.t rianb uumtbeoedfarr t icolnte rsa de
unionsa,c tsitaornnildska ,eb loauwirsn P akisatnantd h Thier dW orclodu n­
triHeehs a.ws o rkweidtt hh Uen tieNda tiIonnt'esrnn aaRtlei loAigeefn cy
inv aripo�usso fA fricaan_ ds outAsiah.e aHseht o lad Psh Di nl abour
studainiedcss u rrewnotrlkiiynnt g h Laeb ouLarw andR elatBiroansno cfh
ILiOnG eneva.
JAMILR ASIIlD isa ne conowmhiohs-atps u bliwsihdeeodlnt y h peo litical
econoomfey d ucattriaoadnne,da imidgr,a nlta boaunrmd,o vemeonft s
natiloinbaelr iantt hiTheqi nr Wdo rldHi.s a nalaypsepse raergr ulliyan
periodViiewcpaolinsat,n, Edc onomiacn dP oliticWaele klHy.e h abse en
act�ivnevloyli vnte hdwe o rkeerdsu'c amtoivoennmt ae nd ntoeawec sh
econoamti cRDsee edCr o llege, Canda.
ZIAUHLA QUEs peciianIl silzasemtsiu cdH iehe asws.r itwtiedneo nlI ys la­
mice conomica nhiidsts th aoeur tyh ooftr h beo oLakn,dl oradn dP easan t
in EarlIys lam.H eh ajsu csotm plaem taejdwo orr okni ntearnebdsa tnki ng
practiinIc selsaH meh. ol dasP hDi nI slaSmtiucda inewdso rfokrst he
IslaRmeisce Ianrscthi itnP uatkies,t an.
TABLEO F CONTENTS
·P age
PREFACE
STATISTICPARLE VIEW 2
CHAPTERO NE PAKISTAN INDEPENDENT:T HEORY 4
AND PRACTICE OF POLITICAL
ECONOMY -
HASSAN GARDEZI & JAMIL RASHID
CHAPTERT WO . FEUDALA ND CAPIATU ST RELATIONS 19
INP AKISTAN-
HASSAN GARDEZJ
CHAPTERT HREE CLASS AND STATE IN PAKISTAN 40
-
HAMZA ALAVI
CHAPTER FOUR DRAGON SEED: MILITARYI N THE 94
.
STATE-
BILALH ASHMI
CHAPTERF IVE PAKISTAN IN THE DEBT TRAP 119
-
JAMIL RASHID
CHAPTERS IX THE NEW DEPENDENCE- 138
FEROZ AHMED
CHAPTERS EVEN THE POLITICAELC ONOMY OF MAN- 159
POWER EXPORT-
JAMILR ASHID
CHAPTERE IGHT INDUSTRIALC ONCENTRATIONA ND 174
ECONOMICP OWER -
RASHID AMJAD
CHAPTERN INE THE ROLEO F THE GOVERNMENT IN 216
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THEL ABOUR
MOVEMENT -
ZAFAR A.S HAHEED
CHAPTERT EN ELITEF ARMER STRATEGYA ND RE- 237
GIONAL DISPARITIESA GRIINC UL­
TURAL DEVELOPMENT-
HAMZA ALAVI
CHAPTERE LEVEN SYSTEMATIC INJUSTICESA ND IN-257
EQUALITIES':M AALIKA'N D 'RAIYA'
IN A PUNJABV ILLAGE-
SHAHNAZ J.R OUSE
CHAPTERT WELVE EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT 274
-
ABDUR RAUF
CHAPTERT HIRTEEN SCIENCE AND ·E NGINEERINGE DU- 286
CATION-
ANIS ALAM
CHAPTERF OURTEEN THE RESURGENCEO F ISLAM,I SLAMIC2 99
IDEOLOGY AND ENCOUNTERSW ITH
IMPERIALIS-M
HASSAN GARDEZJ
CHAPTERF IFTEEN PAKISTANA ND ISLAMIICD EOLOGY- 313
ZJAULH AQUE
BIBLIOGRAPHY 330
PREFACE
The writwehrossw eo riksp resehnetraeerdy e o uPnakgi stwahnohi asv e
.
virtguraolwulnpyw itthh ceo untTrhyeh.ya veex perifiresntcheatdnh de
evenotfts h peo st-indeppeerniwdohedin,icc nhec lfourdceea dnv do luyn tar
migratwiaorrnses,g, i coonnafllia cntdss e cessseicotnav,ri ioalnec nlcaes,s
exploimilittaatriryou nla,en df oreiingtne rviennt thieeoc nosn oamnidc
poliltiiofcftea h lce o untTroly i.mv eea ninignPfu aklliys taasPn ak,i stanis,
requainru ensd erstoafwn hdyti hneges vee nhtasvo ec curred iasn d what
liketlohy a ppientn hfu et urAne e.l emoefpn etr scoonnaclte hrupnse rvades
altlh aer tiinc thisl ebso ofokr w hiwcehb etgo lerbaunmtca ekn,eo a polo­
gies.
The authaotpr sr esleinvte anvda rwioooruvkse lry ctohnrteien ents,
.
specialiiznde i vearcsaed edmiiscc iapnlihdna evbsee ewno rkiinin sgo lation
frome acohth erM.a nwye rneok tn ownt oth ee ditboerfswo orrebk e goann
this bookI.ft heirsae s trocnogn sisitnte hneancialyry saenscd·o nclu­
siointis sn, e itbhyde ers niogcrnh anIcnes.t ietia ndd,i acantim epso rtant
confluoefnc crei tpiecrals percetsiuvfrleotsmini gn depernedseenatr ch.
Throughth icso llecotfai rotni wcelh easva,eim etdo m eetth nee eodfs
studaennrdtse adinetresr eisnat c eodm prehaennsddie vteak ilneodw ledge
ofP akistansio cifreotJ:!1ay n i nterdisdciiaplleipcnetarirscypae,lThc et ive.
intedrynnala moifPc ask isstoacnihiea tvtyeo o of tbeenei ngn orbeytd h ose
concerwnietthdhe S outAshi arne giWoenb .e litehvathiets b ooiksa n
importcarnittc iocnatlr itbotu hteeixi osntl iintge rature.
Somoef t haret icinlcelsu inde tdh wiosr wke roer iginpaullbyl iins hed
periodWiecgr aaltse.fu allcyk nowtlhecedo goep eroaftt hifeoo nl lowing
magazini ngreasn tuisnp ge rmitsosr ieopnrJ ionutrna:ol fC ontemparoy r
AsiaS,t ockhoElcmo;n oamniSdco cRiaelev wiL,a hoRraec;ae n Cdla ss,
LondEocno;n omaincd PoWleietkBilocyma,bl aTh ye; DeveElcoopnion­g
mieTso,k yIont;e rnatiSooncaiaJllou irsnaMtlil ,a ann;Sd o uAtshi Raenv iew,
LondVoni;eo wipnLath,o re.
Ha� N.Gar dezi
Jamil Rashid
STATISTICAL PREVIEW
Area: 19718 5.4%
803,4s0q0 .km. OfficiLaaln guages:
Populati1o9n8,C1 e nsus: UrdEun,gl ish
83}8m. MajoNra tiLvaen guages:
Rur7ai .l 7 U%r,b 2a8n. 3% PunjSaibriaS,ikii ,n dhi,
Provinces: PashBtaol,uB crhaih,u i
1 .B aluchistan
TotaLla bour Fo1r9c8e0,:
Are4a3 .6%,Pmoop .4.3
23.m6.
2. NorWtehs Ftr ontier
AgriculFtourrees,t ry,
(NWFP)
Fish5in6g%
Are1a2 .8P%o,p.1m0,, 9
MininMga,n ufac1t3.u 5r%e
3. Punjab
Are2a5 .8%P,op.4m7.. 1 Per CaIpnictoam 1e9,8 1:
4. Sind US$ 280( curprreincte s)
Are1a7 .,7P%op.m1.8 .9 US$ 66(31 9c6o0n sptraincte s)
PopulatGiroonw tRha te: GNP,1 980:
3.1% (1a9n7n2u-a8l1) US$ 2b3(. c urprreincte s)
US$ 5.b 3. (1c9o6n0s ptraincte s)
CrudBei rtha ndD eatRha tes�
BrithR at4e4( laetsestti mate) StructoufOr uet put:
Death R1a6(lt aet eesstti mate) Seircveasd,minis traettico.n
52.4%
InfanMto rtality:
Larsgceam-laen ufac1t1u3r%e
14p2e 1r0 0(0l aetsetimsatt e)
Smaslclam-laen ufac4t.u8r%e
Sex Rati1o9,8 1: Agriculfoturreese,tt r3cy1.. 5 %
11ma1l epse 1r0 fe0m ales
Budget Ou1tl98a1y:,
PortaWbaltee Arv ailatbol:e us$ 5.b7.
RurPaolp ula5t%i on DefencAlel oca2t4i%2o n
UrbPaonp ul3a0t%i on
ConsumPerri cIen dex:
LiteraRcayt e: 1969-17000
=
196197 .8% 19803 21.1
=
2