Table Of ContentPAHs:AnEcotoxicologicalPerspective.EditedbyPeterE.T.Douben
Copyright(cid:182)2003JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd.
ISBN:0-471-56024-3
PAHs: An Ecotoxicological
Perspective
Ecological and Environmental Toxicology Series
SeriesEditors
JasonM.Weeks SheilaO’Hare BarnettA.Rattner
NationalCentrefor ScientificEditor PatuxentWildlife
EnvironmentalToxicology, Hertfordshire, ResearchCenter,USGS
WRc-NSF,UK UK Laurel,MD,USA
The fields of environmental toxicology, ecological toxicology and ecotoxicology are
rapidlyexpandingareasofresearch.Thisexplosionofinterestwithintheinternational
scientificcommunitydemandscomprehensiveandup-to-dateinformationthatiseasily
accessibletobothprofessionalsandanincreasingnumberofstudentswithaninterest
inthesesubjectareas.
Books in the series will cover a diverse range of relevant topics ranging from
taxonomically based handbooks of ecotoxicology to current aspects of international
regulatoryaffairs.Publicationswillservetheneedsofundergraduateandpostgraduate
students,academicsandprofessionalswithaninterestinthesedevelopingsubjectareas.
TheSeriesEditorswillbepleasedtoconsidersuggestionsandproposalsfromprospec-
tiveauthorsoreditorsinrespectofbooksforfutureinclusionintheseries.
Publishedtitlesintheseries
EnvironmentalRiskHarmonization:
FederalandStateApproachestoEnvironmentalHazardsintheUSA
EditedbyMichaelA.Kamrin(ISBN0471972657)
HandbookofSoilInvertebrateToxicityTests
EditedbyHansLøkkeandCorneliusA.M.vanGestel(ISBN0471971030)
PollutionRiskAssessmentandManagement:
AStructuredApproach
EditedbyPeterE.T.Douben(ISBN0471972975)
StatisticsinEcotoxicology
EditedbyTimSparks(ISBN047196851XCL,ISBN0471972991PR)
DemographyinEcotoxicology
EditedbyJanE.KammengaandRyszardLaskowski(ISBN0471490024)
ForecastingtheEnvironmentalFateandEffectsofChemicals
EditedbyPhilipS.Rainbow,SteveP.HopkinandMarkCrane(ISBN0471491799)
EcotoxicologyofWildMammals
EditedbyRichardF.ShoreandBarnettA.Rattner(ISBN0471974293)
EnvironmentalAnalysisofContaminatedSites
EditedbyGeoffreyI.Sunahara,Agne`sY.Renoux,ClaudeThellen,ConnieL.Gaudetand
AdrienPilon(ISBN0471986690)
BehaviouralEcotoxicology
EditedbyGiacomoDell’Omo(ISBN0471968528)
PAHs: An Ecotoxicological
Perspective
Editedby
PeterE.T.Douben
UnileverColworthR&D,SafetyandEnvironmentalAssuranceCentre,
Sharnbrook,Bedford,UK
Copyright2003 JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
PAHs:anecotoxicologicalperspective/editedbyPeterE.T.Douben.
p.cm.—(Ecologicalandenvironmentaltoxicologyseries)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-471-56024-3(alk.paper)
1.Polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons–Toxicology.2.Polycyclicaromatic
hydrocarbons–Environmentalaspects.I.Douben,PeterE.T.II.Ecological&
environmentaltoxicologyseries.
RA1242.P73.P3462003
615.9(cid:1)02—dc21
2002192409
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
ISBN0-471-56024-3
Typesetin10/12ptGaramondbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India
PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyBiddlesLtd,GuildfordandKing’sLynn
Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaperresponsiblymanufacturedfromsustainableforestry
inwhichatleasttwotreesareplantedforeachoneusedforpaperproduction.
Contents
ListofContributors vii
SeriesForeword xi
PartI IntroductionandRationale 1
1 Introduction 3
PeterE.T.Douben
PartII GeneralCharacteristicsofPAHs 7
2 TheSources,Transport,andFateofPAHsintheMarine
Environment 9
JamesS.LatimerandJinshuZheng
3 GeochemistryofPAHsinAquaticEnvironments:Source,
PersistenceandDistribution 35
RobertM.Burgess,MichaelJ.AhrensandChristopherW.Hickey
4 PhotochemicalReactionsofPAHsintheAtmosphere 47
JanetAreyandRogerAtkinson
5 MetabolicActivationofPAHs:RoleofDNAAdduct
FormationinInducedCarcinogenesis 65
FaridaAkcha,ThierryBurgeot,Jean-Fran¸coisNarbonneand
PhilippeGarrigues
6 BiodegradationandGeneralAspectsofBioavailability 81
FrankVolkeringandAntonM.Breure
PartIII Bioavailability,ExposureandEffectsinEnvironmental
Compartments 97
7 AnOverviewofthePartitioningandBioavailabilityofPAHs
inSedimentsandSoils 99
RobertM.Burgess,MichaelJ.Ahrens,ChristopherW.Hickey,
PieterJ.denBesten,DorientenHulscher,BertvanHattum,
JamesP.MeadorandPeterE.T.Douben
vi CONTENTS
8 Bioavailability,UptakeandEffectsofPAHsinAquatic
InvertebratesinFieldStudies 127
PieterJ.denBesten,DorientenHulscherandBertvanHattum
9 BioaccumulationofPAHsinMarineInvertebrates 147
JamesP.Meador
10 UptakeandAccumulationofPAHsbyTerrestrial
Invertebrates 173
RudolfK.AchaziandCornelisA.M.VanGestel
11 EcotoxicologicalStudiesFocusingonMarineand
FreshwaterFish 191
JerryF.Payne,AnneMathieuandTracyK.Collier
12 EffectsofPAHsonTerrestrialandFreshwaterBirds,
MammalsandAmphibians 225
HeathM.MalcolmandRichardF.Shore
13 EffectsofPAHsonMarineBirds,MammalsandReptiles 243
PeterH.AlbersandThomasR.Loughlin
14 PAHInteractionswithPlants:Uptake,Toxicityand
Phytoremediation 263
BruceM.Greenberg
15 AssessingRisksfromPhotoactivatedToxicityofPAHs
toAquaticOrganisms 275
GeraldT.Ankley,LawrenceP.Burkhard,PhilipM.Cook,
StephenA.Diamond,RussellJ.EricksonandDavidR.Mount
16 BiomarkersandPAHs—ProspectsfortheAssessment
ofExposureandEffectsinAquaticSystems 297
RolfAltenburger,HelmutSegnerandRonvanderOost
PartIV IntegrationofInformationonPAHs 329
17 ApproachestoDevelopingSedimentQualityGuidelines
forPAHs 331
DavidR.Mount,ChristopherG.IngersollandJoyA.McGrath
18 ManagingRisksfromPAHs 357
GrahamWhale,GordonLethbridge,VikramPauland
EricMartin
Index 379
List of Contributors
RudolfK.Achazi
BiologyDepartment,EcotoxicologyandBiochemistry,FreieUniversit¨atBerlin,
Ehrenbergstrasse26–28,D-14195Berlin,Germany
MichaelJ.Ahrens
NationalInstituteofWaterandAtmosphericResearch,Gate10,SilverdaleRoad,
Box11-115,Hamilton,NewZealand
FaridaAkcha
IFREMER,Ruedel’Iled’Yeu,BP21105,44311Nantescedex03,France
PeterH.Albers
USGSPatuxentWildlifeResearchCenter,12011BeechForestRoad,Laurel,MD
20708-4041,USA
RolfAltenburger
Department of Chemical Ecotoxicology, UFZ Centre for Environmental
Research,Leipzig-Halle,Permoserstrasse15,04318Leipzig,Germany
GeraldT.Ankley
Mid-continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects
Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon
Boulevard,Duluth,MN55804,USA
JanetArey
AirPollutionResearchCenter,UniversityofCalifornia,Riverside,CA92521,USA
RogerAtkinson
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA
92521,USA
AntonM.Breure
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Laboratory for Eco-
toxicology,POBox1,3720BABilthoven,TheNetherlands
ThierryBurgeot
IFREMER,Ruedel’Iled’Yeu,BP21105,44311NantesCedex03,France
viii LISTOFCONTRIBUTORS
RobertM.Burgess
UnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,ORD/NHEERLAtlanticEcology
Division,27TarzwellDrive,Narragansett,RI02882,USA
LawrenceP.Burkhard
Mid-continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects
Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon
Boulevard,Duluth,MN55804,USA
TracyK.Collier
NorthwestFisheriesScienceCenter,2725MontlakeBoulevardEast,Seattle,WA
98112,USA
PhilipM.Cook
Mid-continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects
Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon
Boulevard,Duluth,MN55804,USA
PieterJ.denBesten
Institute for Inland Water Management and Waste Water Treatment (RIZA),
MinistryofTransport,PublicWorksandWaterManagement,POBox17,8200
AALelystad,TheNetherlands
StephenA.Diamond
Mid-continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects
Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon
Boulevard,Duluth,MN55804,USA
PeterE.T.Douben
Unilever Colworth R&D, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Sharn-
brook,BedfordMK441LQ,UK
RussellJ.Erickson
Mid-continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects
Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon
Boulevard,Duluth,MN55804,USA
PhilippeGarrigues
Laboratory of Physico- and Toxicochemistry of Natural Systems (LPTC), UMR
5472CNRS,UniversityofBordeauxI,351CoursdelaLibe´ration,33405Talence
Cedex,France
BruceM.Greenberg
DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,ONN2L3G1,Canada
ChristopherW.Hickey
NationalInstituteofWaterandAtmosphericResearch,Gate10,SilverdaleRoad,
Box11-115,Hamilton,NewZealand
LISTOFCONTRIBUTORS ix
ChristopherG.Ingersoll
US Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Columbia Environmental
ResearchCenter,4200NewHavenRoad,Columbia,MO65201,USA
JamesS.Latimer
US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development,
NationalHealthandEnvironmentalEffectsResearchLaboratory,AtlanticEcology
Division,Narragansett,RI,USA
GordonLethbridge
ShellGlobalSolutions,CheshireInnovationPark,ChesterCH13SH,UK
ThomasR.Loughlin
NationalMarineMammalLaboratory,AlaskaFisheriesScienceCenter,National
MarineFisheriesService,7600SandpointWayNE,Seattle,WA98115-6349,USA
HeathM.Malcolm
Centre for Ecologyand Hydrology,Monks Wood,Abbots Ripton, Huntingdon,
CambridgeshirePE282LS,UK
EricMartin
Concawe,Brussels,Belgium
AnneMathieu
OceansLtd,31TemperanceStreet,St.John’s,NewfoundlandA1C3J3,Canada
JoyA.McGrath
HydroQualInc.,OneLethbridgePlaza,Mahwah,NJ07430,USA
JamesP.Meador
Environmental Conservation Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard
East,Seattle,WA98112,USA
DavidR.Mount
Mid-continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects
Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon
Boulevard,Duluth,MN55804,USA
Jean-Franc¸oisNarbonne
Laboratory of Physico- and Toxicochemistry of Natural Systems (LPTC), UMR
5472CNRS,UniversityofBordeauxI,351CoursdelaLibe´ration,33405Talence
Cedex,France
VikramPaul
ShellGlobalSolutions,CheshireInnovationPark,ChesterCH13SH,UK
x LISTOFCONTRIBUTORS
JerryF.Payne
ScienceOceansandEnvironmentBranch,DepartmentofFisheriesandOceans,
1WhiteHillsRoad,St.John’s,NewfoundlandA1C5X1,Canada
HelmutSegner
CentreforFishandWildlifeHealth,DepartmentofAnimalPathology,University
ofBerne,Laenggass-Strasse122,CH-3012Berne,Switzerland
RichardF.Shore
Centre for Ecologyand Hydrology,MonksWood,Abbots Ripton, Huntingdon,
CambridgeshirePE282LS,UK
DorientenHulscher
Institute for Inland Water Management and Waste Water Treatment (RIZA),
MinistryofTransport,PublicWorksandWaterManagement,POBox17,8200
AALelystad,TheNetherlands
RonvanderOost
OMEGAM Environmental Research Institute, Environmental Toxicology, PO
Box94685,1090GRAmsterdam,TheNetherlands
CornelisA.M.VanGestel
DepartmentofAnimalEcology,InstituteofEcologicalScience,VrijeUniversiteit,
DeBoelelaan1085,1081HVAmsterdam,TheNetherlands
BertvanHattum
InstituteforEnvironmentalStudies,VrijeUniversiteitAmsterdam,DeBoelelaan
1115,1081HVAmsterdam,TheNetherlands
FrankVolkering
Tauw bv, Research & Development Department, PO Box 122, 7400 AK
Deventer,TheNetherlands
GrahamWhale
ShellGlobalSolutions,CheshireInnovationPark,ChesterCH13SH,UK
JinshuZheng
DepartmentofBiologyandChemistry,CityUniversityofHongKong,Kowloon,
HongKong,China
