Table Of ContentPaediatrics for FRCS
(Tr and Orth) Examination
Paediatrics for FRCS
(Tr and Orth) Examination
Edited by
Yael Gelfer
Consultant Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon
St. George’s Hospitals, NHS foundation Trust
London, UK
Deborah Eastwood
Consultant Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon
Great Ormond Street Hospital
London, UK
Karen Daly
Consultant Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon
St George’s Hospitals, NHS foundation Trust
London, UK
1
3
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CONTENTS
Abbreviations GAB list vi
Contributors ix
Introduction x
1 Single Best Answers
Questions 1
Answers 29
2 Extended Matching Questions
Questions 61
Answers 86
3 Viva topics 115
Index 299
ABBREvIATIONS GAB LIST
ABBREvIATIONS GAB LIST
A&E Accident and Emergency
AAOS American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
AARD atlantoaxial rotatory displacement
ACL anterior cruciate ligament
AER apical ectodermal ridge
AIS abbreviated Injury Scale
AIS adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
A- K above knee
AP anteroposterior
ASIS anterior superior iliac spine
ATLS advanced trauma life support
AvN avascular necrosis
BAPRAS British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons
BMI body mass index
BMP Bone Morphogenetic protein
BOAST British Orthopaedic Association Standard for Traumas
BoS base of support
CAvE cavus, adductus varus, and equinus
CoM centre of mass
CORA centre of rotation angulation
CP cerebral palsy
CRP C- Reactive Protein
CT computed tomography
CTEv club foot
CvT Congenital vertical talus
DDH developmental dysplasia of the hip
DGH district general hospital
ENT ear, nose, and throat
EOS early onset scoliosis
ABBREvIATIONS GAB LIST vii
ESIN elastic stable Intra medullary nailing
ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate
EUA examination under anaesthesia
FBC full blood count
FGFR3 fibroblast growth factor receptor 3
FHL Flexor hallucis longus
GA general anaesthetic
GABA gamma- aminobutyric acid
GCS Glasgow Coma Scale
GMFCS gross motor function classification system
GRF ground reaction force
HSMN hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy
ISS Injury Severity Score
Iv intravenous
JIA juvenile inflammatory arthritis
LCNT lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
LEA lateral epiphyseal artery
LLD Leg length difference
LSCB Local Safeguarding Children Board
LT ligamentum teres
MCA medial femoral circumflex artery
MCP metacarpophalangeal
MDT multidisciplinary team
MISME multiple inherited schwannomas, menigiomas, and ependymomas
MISS Modified Injury Severity Score
MR magnetic resonance
MSK Musculoskeletal
MTP Metatarsophalangeal
NAI non- accidental injury
NF1 neurofibromatosis type 1
OCD osteochondritis dissecans
OI osteogenesis imperfecta
OT occupational therapy
PA postero anterior
PAO postero anterior
QoL quality of life
RF rectus femoris
viii ABBREvIATIONS GAB LIST
RGO reciprocating gait orthosis
RMI Reimer’s migration index
RvAD rib- vertebral angle difference
SCFE Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
SCM sternocleidomastoid muscle
SDR Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy
SESA Subtalar extra- articular screw arthroereisis
SHH Sonic Hedgehog
SHOX Short Stature Homeobox
SIJt sacroiliac joint
SUFE slipped upper femoral epiphysis
TAR thrombocytopaenia- absent radius
TFL tensor fasciae latae
TIS thoracic insufficiency syndrome
U&E urea and electrolytes
vACTERL vertebral, anal atresia, cardiac, trachea, esophageal, renal, and limb defects
vDRO varus derotational osteotomy
WCC white cell count
WHO World Health Organization
CONTRIBUTORS
Anna Allan Specialty Trainee, London Deanery, London, UK
Anthony Catterall Emeritus Consultant Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon, London, UK
John Dabis Trauma and Orthopaedic registrar, St George’s Hospitals, London, UK
Karen Daly Consultant Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon, St George’s Hospitals, NHS Foundation
Trust, London, UK
Deborah Eastwood Consultant Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon, Great Ormond Street Hospital,
London, UK
Yael Gelfer Consultant Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon, St George’s Hospitals, NHS Foundation
Trust, London, UK
Yaser Jabbar Consultant Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon, Great Ormond St Hospital, London, UK
Leonora Mills Consultant Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon, Royal Aberdeen Children’s Hospital,
Aberdeen, UK
Kuldeep Stohr Consultant Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon, Addenbrooke’s Hospital,
Cambridge, UK
Roger Walton Consultant Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital,
Liverpool, UK
Andrea Yeo Consultant Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon, St George’s Hospitals, NHS Foundation
Trust, London, UK
