Oxygenates in water : critical information and research needs

92 Pages·1998·6.1 MB·English

by  Davis, J. Michael

TD 427
.P4 095
1998
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United States Office of Research and EPA/600/R-98/048
Environmental Protection Development December 1998
Agency Washington DC 20460
■S-EPA Oxygenates in Water:
Critical Information and
Research Needs

EPA/600/R-98/048
December 1998
Oxygenates in Water:
Critical Information
and Research Needs
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
Printed on Recycled Paper
Disclaimer
This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products
does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
Pv Ois
Table of Contents
Page
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Task Group . v
External Reviewers . ix
Preface . xi
1. INTRODUCTION. 1
2. SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION. 5
2.1 Background . 5
2.2 Needs. 8
3. TRANSPORT . 9
3.1 Background . 9
3.2 Needs. 10
4. TRANSFORMATION. 11
4.1 Background . 11
4.2 Needs. 12
5. OCCURRENCE. 13
5.1 Background . 13
5.2 Needs. 18
6. EXPOSURE. 19
6.1 Background . 19
6.2 Needs. 22
7. AQUATIC TOXICITY . 23
7.1 Background . 23
7.2 Needs. 23
8. HEALTH EFFECTS . 24
8.1 Background . 24
8.2 Needs. 25
9. RELEASE PREVENTION. 26
9.1 Background . 26
9.2 Needs. 29
in
Table of Contents
(cont’d)
Page
10. CONTAMINANT REMOVAL . 29
10.1 Background. 29
10.2 Needs . 33
10.2.1 Remediation Needs. 34
10.2.2 Drinking-Water Treatment Needs. 35
11. CONCLUSIONS. 37
REFERENCES. 39
APPENDIX 1: Chemical Properties of Selected Oxygenates. 49
APPENDIX 2: Current Projects Related to Oxygenates in Water. 51
IV