Oxidants and Antioxidants in Cutaneous Biology (Current Problems in Dermatology)

203 Pages·2001·3.61 MB·English

by  Jens Thiele

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OxidantsandAntioxidantsinCutaneousBiology
..
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Current Problems in
Dermatology
Vol. 29
Series Editor G. Burg, Zu¨rich
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Oxidants and Antioxidants in
Cutaneous Biology
Volume Editors Jens Thiele, Jena
Peter Elsner, Jena
36figures,and5tables,2001
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Current Problems in Dermatology
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Oxidantsandantioxidantsincutaneousbiology/volumeeditors,JensThiele,PeterElsner.
p.;cm.–(Currentproblemsindermatology;vol.29)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN3805571321(hardcover:alk.paper)
1.Skin–Pathophysiology. 2.Freeradicals(Chemistry)–Pathophysiology. 3.
Antioxidants. 4.Activeoxygen–Physiologicaleffect. I.Thiele,Jens. II.Elsner,Peter,
1955– III.Series.
[DNLM: 1.Oxidants–adverseeffects. 2.SkinDiseases–physiopathology. 3.
Antioxidants–therapeuticuse. 4.DNADamage. 5.OxidativeStress. 6.Signal
Transduction. 7.Skin–radiationeffects. 8.UltravioletRays–adverseeffects. WR140
O9732000]
RL96.O9472000
616.5(cid:1)07–dc21
00–048668
BibliographicIndices.Thispublicationislistedinbibliographicservices,includingCurrentContentsÔand
IndexMedicus.
DrugDosage.Theauthorsandthepublisherhaveexertedeveryefforttoensurethatdrugselectionand
dosagesetforthinthistextareinaccordwithcurrentrecommendationsandpracticeatthetimeofpublication.
However,inviewofongoingresearch,changesingovernmentregulations,andtheconstantflowofinformation
relatingtodrugtherapyanddrugreactions,thereaderisurgedtocheckthepackageinsertforeachdrugfor
anychangeinindicationsanddosageandforaddedwarningsandprecautions.Thisisparticularlyimportant
whentherecommendedagentisanewand/orinfrequentlyemployeddrug.
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybetranslatedintootherlanguages,reproducedor
utilizedinanyformorbyanymeanselectronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,microcopying,
orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.
ÓCopyright2001byS.KargerAG,P.O.Box,CH–4009Basel(Switzerland)
PrintedinSwitzerlandonacid-freepaperbyReinhardtDruck,Basel
ISBN3–8055–7132–1
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Dedication
This book is dedicated to Dr. Lester Packer, Professor of Physiology at
the University of California, Berkeley, since 1961, and his wife Anne.
Together, and each in their own way, they have nurtured the careers of
countless scientists, including four authors of this book.

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Contents
IX Preface
Detection of Free Radicals in Skin
1 Detection of Free Radicals in Skin: A Review of the Literature and
New Developments
Fuchs,J.(Frankfurt);Herrling,T.;Groth,N.(Berlin)
18 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Detection of Free Radicals in
UV-Irradiated Human and Mouse Skin
JurkiewiczLange,B.A.(Neenah,Wisc.);Buettner,G.R.(IowaCity,Iowa)
Detection of Antioxidants in Skin and Antioxidant Response to Environmental Stress
26 The Antioxidant Network of the Stratum corneum
Thiele,J.J.;Schroeter,C.;Hsieh,S.N.(Jena);Podda,M.(Frankfurt);
Packer,L.(Berkeley,Calif.)
43 Activity of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in the Protection against Oxidative
Stress in Skin
Podda,M.;Zollner,T.M.;Grundmann-Kollmann,M.(Frankfurt);
Thiele,J.J.(Jena);Packer,L.(Berkeley,Calif.);KaufmannR.(Frankfurt)
52 Ozone: An Emerging Oxidative Stressor to Skin
Weber,S.U.;Han,N.;Packer,L.(Berkeley,Calif.)
Oxidative DNA Damage
62 Effects of UV and Visible Radiations on Cellular DNA
Cadet,J.;Douki,T.;Pouget,J.-P.;Ravanat,J.-L.;Sauvaigo,S.(Grenoble)
VII
74 Sequence-Specific DNA Damage Induced by UVA Radiation in the
Presence of Endogenous and Exogenous Photosensitizers
Kawanishi,S.;Hiraku,Y.(Tsu,Mie)
UVA and UVB Induced Signal Transduction in Skin
83 UV-Induced Oxidative Stress and Photoaging
Wenk,J.;Brenneisen,P.;Meewes,C.;Wlaschek,M.;Peters,T.;Blaudschun,R.;
Ma,W.;Kuhr,L.;Schneider,L.;Scharffetter-Kochanek,K.(Cologne)
95 UVA and Singlet Oxygen as Inducers of Cutaneous Signaling Events
Klotz,L.-O.;(Du¨sseldorf);Holbrook,N.J.(Baltimore,Md.);Sies,H.(Du¨sseldorf)
114 Reactive Oxygen Species as Mediators of UVB-Induced Mitogen-
Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Keratinocytes
Peus,D.(Munich);Pittelkow,M.R.(Rochester,Minn.)
Antioxidant Protection against Oxidative Stress in Skin
128 Antioxidants in Chemoprevention of Skin Cancer
Ahmad,N.;Katiyar,S.K.;Mukhtar,H.(Cleveland,Ohio)
140 Radical Reactions of Carotenoids and Potential Influence on
UV Carcinogenesis
Black,H.S.(Houston,Tex.);Lambert,C.R.(NewLondon,Conn.)
157 Protective Effects of Topical Antioxidants in Humans
Dreher,F.;Maibach,H.(SanFrancisco,Calif.)
165 The Antioxidative Potential of Melatonin in the Skin
Fischer,T.W.;Elsner,P.(Jena)
175 Bioconversion of Vitamin E Acetate in Human Skin
Nabi,Z.;Tavakkol,A.(Piscataway,N.J.);Dobke,M.(Newark,N.J.);
Polefka,T.G.(Piscataway,N.J.)
187 Author Index
188 Subject Index
Contents VIII
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Preface
Arefreeradicalsandreactiveoxygenspeciesrelevantfordermatopathol-
ogy? Do antioxidants really protect against free-radical-mediated cutaneous
diseaseandaging?Inthepastdecade,astronglyincreasingnumberofscientific
publications on oxidative stresss and redox regulation in skin indicates the
emerging importance of this field in experimental dermatology.
Furthermore,theincreaseinscientificevidenceforprotectiveantioxidative
mechanisms in the skin has led to a considerably growing interest of the
pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry in therapeutic antioxidant strategies.
Likewise, such terms as ‘free radicals’, ‘antioxidants’ and ‘oxidative stress’
have experienced an almost inflationary use in the lay press and thus raised
enormous interest in the public. Owing to this growing public, academic and
corporate demand, this book is intended to provide an up-to-date overview
of oxidants and antioxidants in cutaneous biology. This book compiles con-
tributions from leading investigators on the detection of free radicals and
antioxidants, their responses to environmental oxidative stressors, the role of
oxidative DNA damage, UVB- and UVA-induced signal transduction, and
antioxidantprotectionstrategies.Thechaptersmainlyfocusontheoutermost
organofthebody,theskin.Thus,itrepresentsauniquecollectionofimportant
new facts and background information on oxidative-stress-related biochem-
istry,photobiology,molecularbiology,pharmacologyandcosmetologyofthe
skin.Theeditorsareindebtedtoallauthorsfortheknowledgeandeffortthey
have invested in this project.
We sincerely hope that this book will provide valuable advice to our
readersandthuswillstimulatefurtherthediscoveryofrelevantredox-regulated
pathwaysandthedevelopmentofpotenttherapeuticantioxidantstrategiesin
dermatology.
Jens Thiele, MD, Jena
Peter Elsner, MD, Jena
IX