Oxford Handbook of Midwifery 3e

870 Pages·2017·6.81 MB·English

by  Janet Medforth

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OXFORD MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS
Oxford Handbook of
Midwifery
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Oxford Handbook of
Midwifery
THIRD EDITION
Edited by
Janet Medforth
Senior Midwifery Lecturer, Sheffield Hallam University,
UK (retired)
Linda Ball
Senior Midwifery Lecturer, Sheffield Hallam University
(retired), Research Midwife, Chesterfield Royal Hospital
NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Angela Walker
Senior Midwifery Lecturer and Supervisor of Midwives,
University of Sheffield (retired), Clinical Nurse Specialist,
Contraception and Sexual Health, and Independent
Prescriber, Derbyshire Community Health Services NHS
Foundation Trust, UK (retired)
Sue Battersby
Independent Researcher/ Lecturer Infant Feeding, formerly
of University of Sheffield, UK
Sarah Stables
Senior Midwifery Lecturer, Sheffield Hallam University,
Supervisor of Midwives, Consultant Midwife for Normality,
Barnsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Foreword
It gives me great pleasure to write a foreword for the new third edition
of the Oxford Handbook of Midwifery. Previous editions have proven to be
an excellent resource for midwifery practice and I have no doubt that the
new edition will take this to a new height with the rigorous updating of the
included chapters.
The authors, whom I have the privilege of knowing and working with, for
many years, have conveyed their long years of experience and evidence-
based knowledge into a compact midwifery book which has been highly
popular so far in its previous editions.
Acknowledging both paradigms of midwifery science and art, the Oxford
Handbook of Midwifery encompasses key information on basic physiologi-
cal aspects of pregnancy and birth with practical recommendations on all
aspects of midwifery care. This carefully designed book, providing all the
essentials for successful midwifery practice, covers a wide range of the
maternal and neonatal care continuum, including preconception and the
antenatal, post- partum, and neonatal period.
With a great deal of enthusiasm and remarkable efforts, the authors have
produced yet another edition of this book which is up-t o- date and com-
prehensive. Similar to its previous editions, this is presented in a very well-
structured, user- friendly, and small size, making it a portable knowledge tool
for students and professionals alike with their everyday busy lifestyles.
In the face of complex and competing demands on professionals’ time,
access to reliable and readily available sources of knowledge is paramount.
As a Professor of Midwifery having worked within various academic and
practice settings, I foresee a continued enthusiasm amongst midwifery stu-
dents and practitioners to embrace the new edition, as an accessible source
for daily practice not just in the UK, but also internationally.
Professor Hora Soltani
Professor of Maternal and Infant Health
Centre for Health and Social Care Research
Faculty of Health and Wellbeing
Sheffield Hallam University
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Preface
Since the previous edition of the Oxford Handbook of Midwifery (2011),
the maternity services in the UK have undergone a number of challenges
mainly in the reconfiguration of the NHS into commissioning bodies for
care services and health education. The Kirkup report (2015) has led to
the need for updated regulations for midwifery practice and the need for
new standards for midwifery education in the UK. These are in progress
with implementation planned in 2017. A recent report of a review of the
UK maternity services in 2015 suggests that, although numbers of midwife
appointments in the UK have risen, there is still a shortage of midwives.
According to this report, the UK birth rate fluctuates each year and the ser-
vice is said to be under strain. Future midwives will contribute significantly
to a safe and effective maternity service, hence the decision to update this
handbook in support of their understanding of key principles of midwifery
care and management of pregnancy, birth, and beyond.
The third edition continues in its previous format as a handy reference
guide. The Oxford Handbook of Midwifery is therefore a pocket- sized handy
reference guide to providing care to women during pregnancy, birth, and
the postnatal period with sections on sexual health, contraception, neonatal
care, and infant feeding. The chapters contain an introduction to the sec-
tion, assessment, diagnosis, and management of care with treatment inter-
ventions as recommended in national guidelines and protocols. There is
new information in the section on initiation of breastfeeding with biological
nurturing included. A highlighted section on how to manage obstetric emer-
gencies is central in the book and important psychosocial care issues are
addressed. Our aim is to provide concise, practical, and accessible informa-
tion in a logical sequence; therefore, the layout follows the woman’s journey
through pregnancy, birth, and early motherhood. The page-t o- a- topic for-
mat is in place for most of the book so that information is found easily. Key
illustrations are provided where these will be helpful in visualizing concepts.
Although the main target of the book is the student midwife, others who
work with women and families will find this a useful quick reference guide
in practice.
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Acknowledgements
It has been a privilege to edit the third edition of the Oxford Handbook of
Midwifery. As always it is nearly impossible to produce a book without a
lot of support from others. Firstly, we would like to thank previous editors
Beverley Marsh and Maggie Evans, for their original contributions which
provided some firm foundations for parts of this edition.
We have welcomed two new editors for this edition, Linda Ball and Sarah
Stables, who have proved to be a great addition to the team. Thank you
both for your hard work.
Our thanks also go to our work colleagues, both at the Universities and
in the clinical areas, who supported this endeavour. We would like to give
a special mention to the Head of Midwifery at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals
NHS Foundation Trust, Paula Schofield and to Sue Gibson, former Head of
Midwifery at Barnsley NHS Foundation Trust, for their kind permission to
use Trust guidelines for evidence-based care management aspects within
the book. Many thanks to the Barnsley Supervisor of Midwives team who
gave invaluable help with the midwifery supervision pages.
Our back-up team at Oxford University Press has again been so sup-
portive and helpful in guiding us through the process. Thank you to Michael
Hawkes, Fiona Chippendale, and Angela Butterworth for your advice and
for keeping everything on track.
Lastly, thanks to all our families, in particular Linda’s husband James and
son Liam and also Janet’s daughter Stella, who have kindly provided us with
some lovely illustrations. We are deeply indebted.
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Contents
Symbols and abbreviations xi
Part 1 Introduction 
1 Introduction  3
2 Preconception care  19
3 Sexual health  29
4 Antenatal care  53
5 Health advice in pregnancy  83
6 Minor disorders of pregnancy  111
7 Helping women cope with pregnancy:
complementary therapies  119
8 The need for social support  139
9 Infections and sepsis  167
10 Medical conditions during pregnancy  183
11 Obesity  207
12 Pregnancy complications  215
13 Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy  233
Part 2 Normal labour 
14 Normal labour: first stage  241
15 Pain relief in labour: non- pharmacological  287
16 Pain relief in labour: pharmacological  309
17 Normal labour: second stage  319
18 Normal labour: third stage  347
19 Immediate care of the newborn  369