OWEN JONES, ARCHITECT A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty by Carol Ann Hrvol ...

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OWEN JONES, ARCHITECT
A Dissertation
Presented to
The Academic Faculty
by
Carol Ann Hrvol Flores
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture
Georgia Institute of Technology
December 1996
Copyright © 1996 by Carol A. Flores
OWEN JONES, ARCHITECT
Approved:
l \* ~—
Ronald B. Lewcock, Ph.D., Chairman
Robert M. CVaig/Ph. D.
Jean D. Wineman, Ph. D., Director,
Doctoral Program
Date Approved /° 'ft
Ill
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
One of the most rewarding aspects of researching the following dissertation has
been the opportunity to work with scholars and archivists whom I enjoy and respect.
My deepest appreciation goes to Ronald B. Lewcock for his perceptive guidance and
critical analysis in the preparation of this thesis and throughout my doctoral studies.
Special recognition is also reserved for Robert Craig for thorough editing and
analysis of the final draft of this inquiry and for the advocacy he has always shown
my work. I am profoundly indebted to Michael Darby for his early encouragement of
this research and for his generous gift of the notes, photographs, and correspondence
from his own dissertation to assist my investigation. I would like to thank Jean
Wineman for providing assistance at critical junctions throughout my research. In
addition, I wish to thank these scholars and Richard Guy Wilson for comprising the
committees of examiners who reviewed this dissertation.
My appreciation extends to many individuals and institutions for providing
information which has enriched the content of this thesis. Although citations appear
within the text, I wish to acknowledge a few people who have taken special interest
in this work. In England and Wales, these individuals include Valerie Phillips,
Reverend Christopher Ivory, Geraint Phillips, Michael Bott, Robert Thorne, Stephen
Wildman, and James Mason. I am grateful also for conversations with George
Chadwick, Martin Levy, Elizabeth Darby, Megan Aldrich, Tim Knox, Andrew
Saunders, and Clive Wainwright. In the United States, I have appreciated the
interest of Annibel Jenkins, Jessie Poesch, David Van Zanten, and Isabelle Gournay,
and the assistance of Kathy Brackney, Fakhri Haghani, Anne Salter, and the
librarians in Special Collections, Emory University. Special thanks are also due
Frederica McRae for providing French translations and to my husband, Francis W.
Flores, for his encouragement and support throughout my studies.
V
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Acknowledgement iii-iv
List of Illustrations vi-xi
Summary xii
Introduction 1-4
Chapter I. Preparing for Architecture: 5-21
Training and Travel
Chapter II. Analyzing Architecture: 22-83
Theories and Texts
Chapter III. Pursuing Architecture: 84-133
Early Projects and Professional Activity
Chapter IV. Defining Architecture: 134-244
Publications and "Palaces"
Chapter V. Practicing Architecture: 245-332
Mature Projects and Professional Activity
Chapter VI. Evaluating Architecture: 333-341
Observations and Analysis
Conclusion 342-352
Appendix A: Selected Works 353-354
Appendix B: The Prospectus for Kensington Palace Gardens 355-356
Bibliography 357-379
Illustrations 380-503
Vita 504-505
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Page
1 Portrait of Owen Jones by Charles Baugniet 380
2 Portrait of Owen Jones by Henry Wyndham Phillips, 1856 381
3 Portrait of Owen Jones published in the The Builder,
May 9, 1874, p. 383 381
4 Section of the Yeni Valide Camii, Istanbul, by Owen Jones, 1833 382
5 Plan of the Yeni Valide Camii, Istanbul, by Owen Jones, 1833 383
6 Elevation, the Tomb of Soliman I by Owen Jones 384
7 Section, the Tomb of Soliman I by Owen Jones 384
8 Unidentified tomb near Cairo signed by Owen Jones, Plate IV
in Views on the Nile from Cairo to the Second Cataract. 385
9 Title page, The Arabian Antiquities of Spain,
James Cavanah Murphy 385
10 Lion's Court, Alhambra, The Arabian Antiquities of Spain,
Murphy 386
11 Interior, Alhambra, The Arabian Antiquities of Spain,
James Cavanah Murphy, 1813 387
12 View of the Alhambra, John Frederick Lewis, 1833 388
13 View of the Alhambra, John Frederick Lewis, 1833 388
14 Cover, Plans, Elevations, Sections and Details
of the Alhambra, Jones 389
15 Cover of the Plans, Elevations, Sections and
Details of the Alhambra, Owen Jones, 1842-1845, 1875 390
16 Cover of Volume II, Details and Ornaments from
the Alhambra, Owen Jones, 1842, 1845 390
17 View of the North Facade of the Myrtle Court 391
18 General Plan of the Fortress of the Alhambra 392
19 Plan, Royal Arabian Palace in Fortress of the Alhambra 392
20 Details, Hall of the Ambassadors and the Two Sisters 393
21 Plate XXVII, Vol. I, Details of an Arch, Hall of Justice 393
22 Plate XDC, Vol. II, Detail, Inscription 394
23 Plate XXI, Vol. II, Detail, Inscription 394
24 Plate XXIX, Vol. II, Detail, Inscription 395
25 Detail, Inscription 395
26 Detail, Inscription 396
27 Detail, inscription 396
28 Windows in the Alcove. Hall of the Two Sisters 397
29 Medieval inscription on the Gate of Justice 398
30 Interior, St. Bartholomew's, Sutton Waldron (Restored decorations) 399
31 Interior, St. Bartholomew's, Sutton Waldron (Restored decorations) 399
32 Detail, stylized monogram for Alfred Morrison 400
Figure Page
33 Drawing, decoration of Eynsham Hall 400
34 Drawings accompanying Plate I, Vol. I reproduced
in Revue Generale 401
35 Elements from Plate XXV, Vol. I, illustrating a mihrab 402
36 Plate XXVI, Vol. I, Section, Baths 403
37 Plate L, Vol. II, Detail, Mosaics in the Baths 403
38 Divan, Court of Fish Pond showing mosaic dado pattern 404
39 Plate XLIX, Vol. II Mosaic in the Divan, Court of Fish Pond 404
40A Cover, Designs for Mosaic Pavements by Owen Jones, Architect 405
40B Design from Designs for Mosaic Pavements 405
41 Grid patterns shown in Diagram No. 1 (Left) and No. 2 (Right) 406
42 Plate XXXVIII, Vol. I, Actual State of Colors 407
43, Elements of a stalactite dome or muqarna
reprinted in Revue General 407
44 Elevation, muqarna reprinted in Revue General 408
45 Plan, muqarna reprinted in Revue Generale 408
46 Capitals 409
47 Spandril comparison 410
48 Plate XXVIII, Vol. I, Details of an arch. Court of the Lions 410
49 Plate XXXV, Vol. II, Examples of rafters over doorways [lintels]. 411
50 Plate XLIV , Vol. II, Blank Windows. Hall of the Bark 412
51 Plate XLV, Vol. II, Blank Windows. Hall of the Bark 412
52 St. Maries's Grange, A.W.N. Pugin (1835-1836) 413
53 Floor tiles, St. Gile's Cheadle, A.W.N. Pugin (1841-1846) 414
54 Detail, Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament, St. Gile's Cheadle 415
55 Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament, St. Gile's Cheadle 415
56 Ceiling, House of Lords, Palace of Westminster 416
57 Page, Paradise and the Peri 417
58 Page, Paradise and the Peri 417
59 Cover, The Polychromatic Ornament of Italy 418
60 "Antique Architecture in Its State of Perfection Among the Greeks
and the Romans," Seroux D'Agincourt 419
61 Historical and Chronological Catalogue of the Facades of Temples
before during the Decadence of Art," Seroux D'Agincourt 419
62 "Conjectures on the Origin, the Various Forms, and the Use of the
Gothic Arch in Well-Known Countries," Seroux D'Agincourt 420
63 Notre-Dame, Paris, Seroux D'Agincourt 420
64 Plate XIX, Vol. I, View in the Hall of the Two Sisters 421
65 Map, Kensington Palace Gardens 422
66 Advertisement for Kensington Palace Gardens Development 422
67 Garden facade, Number 8, Kensington Palace Gardens 423
68 Plan, Number 8, Kensington Palace Gardens 423
69 Garden facade. Number 8, Kensington Palace Gardens
with addition 424
70 Garden facade, Number 8, Kensington Palace Gardens
with addition 424
71 Front facade, Number 8, Kensington Palace Gardens 425
Figure Page
72 Front facade, Number 8, Kensington Palace Gardens with addition 425
73 Detail Interior, Number 8, Kensington Palace Gardens 426
74 Detail Interior, Number 8, Kensington Palace Gardens 426
75 Interior, Skylight, Number 8, Kensington Palace Gardens 427
76 Ceiling design, Number 8, Kensington Palace Gardens 427
77 Plan, Number 24, Kensington Palace Gardens 428
78 Front facade, Number 24, Kensington Palace Gardens 428
79 Entrance, Kensington Palace Gardens 429
80 Ceiling, 12 Westbourne Street 430
81 Another design by Jones 430
82 Chintz, December 1851 issues of
Journal of Design and Manufactures 431
83 Apse, Christ Church, Streatham 432
84 Capital, Christ Church, Streatham 432
85 Exterior, Christ Church, Streatham 433
86 Plan, Christ Church, Streatham 433
87 Interior, Christ Church, Streatham 434
88 Drawing, Christ Church, Streatham after Jones's initial work
completed 434
89 Interior, Christ Church, Streatham, Drawing by Wild 435
90 Elements from Chappell's Shop Front, by Jones 436
91 Plan and elevation, Building Committee's scheme 437
92 View, Crystal Palace by Jones 437
93 Detail, clock designed by Jones 438
94 Railing designed by Jones 438
95 Interior scheme by Jones 439
96 May 1, 1851, Opening of the Great Exhibition [Note Jones in circle] 439
97 Comparison of curved lines 440
98 Examples of pattern development 440
99 Designs by Jones 441
100 Illustration for Proposition X 442
101 Victorian naturalism 443
102 Drawing by Ruskin 443
103 Textile example from the Indian Collection 444
104 Molding example 445
105 Color theory example 445
106 Color theory example 446
107 Color theory example 446
108 Example of "False Principles" 447
109 Example of "False Principles" 447
110 Textile design showing the Crystal Palace 448
111 Example of "False Principles" 448
112 Nineteenth-century wallpaper design showing "False Principles" 449
113 Design by Jones 450
114 Designs by Jones: Textiles 451
115 Designs by Jones: Wallpaper 451
116 Crystal Palace at Sydenham (Destroyed by fire, 1937) 452
Figure Page
117 Interior, Crystal Palace at Sydenham 453
118 Cover to the Handbook for The Roman Court 454
119 Egyptian Court, Crystal Palace at Sydenham 454
120 Egyptian Court, Crystal Palace at Sydenham 455
121 Egyptian Court, Crystal Palace at Sydenham 455
122 Greek Court, Crystal Palace at Sydenham 456
123 Greek Court, Crystal Palace at Sydenham 456
124 Alhambra Court, Crystal Palace at Sydenham 457
125 Alhambra Court, Crystal Palace at Sydenham 457
126 Gruner 458
127 Title page, Grammar of Ornament 459
128 Title page, Grammar of Ornament 459
129 Egyptian, Plate Number 3, Grammar of Ornament 460
130 Egyptian, Plate Number 1, Grammar of Ornament 460
131 Savage Tribes Number 1, Grammar of Ornament 461
132 Leaves from Nature Number 1, Grammar of Ornament 461
133 Design by Jones 462
134 Grammar of Ornament 462
135 Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition Building Scheme 463
136 Map showing site of St. James's Hall 464
137 Plan, St. James's Hall 465
138 Section, St. James's Hall 466
139 Elevation of West Front, St. James's Hall 467
140A Section of Main Roof, St. James's Hall 468
140B Roof, St. James's Hall, shown during demolition 468
141 Piccadilly Entrance, St. James's 469
142 Interior, St. James's Hall 470
143 Interior, St. James's 470
144A Interior, St. James's Hall 471
144B Interior, St. James's Hall 472
145 Floor, St. James's Hall 473
146 Palace of the People, Muswell Hill 474
147 Palace of the People, Muswell Hill 474
148 Drawing for a "Glass House" by John C. Loudon 475
149 Plan, Palace of the People, Muswell Hill 475
150 Interior, Palace of the People, Muswell Hill 476
151 Project Number 1, St. Cloud Exhibition Building 477
152 Project Number 2, St. Cloud Exhibition Building 477
153 Project design by Joseph Paxton 478
154 Project Number 3, St. Cloud Exhibition Building 478
155 Project Number 3 St. Cloud Exhibition Building 479
156 Models for Project Numbers 1 and 2, St. 479
157 Site, Crystal Palace 480
158 Close-up, Site, Crystal Palace Bazaar 480
159 Interior, Crystal Palace 481
160 Interior, Osier's Showroom 482
161 Exterior, Jackson and Graham 483
Figure Page
162 Exterior, James and George Haywood 483
163 Dining Room, Charing Cross Hotel 484
164 Design for the Hotel at St. Pancras Station 485
165 Elevation, Iron Kiosk 486
166 Plan, Iron Kiosk 487
167 Ebony-veneered, ivory-inlaid fireplace by Jones for Fonthill House 488
168 Ceiling, Number 16 Carlton House Terrace 489
169 Detail, marquetry used in Number 16 Carlton House Terrace 490
170 Ceiling, Number 16 Carlton House Terrace 491
171 Ceiling, Number 16 Carlton House Terrace 491
172 Table exhibited at Blairman's 492
173 Top, Table exhibited at Blairman's 492
174 Table designed by Jones for James Mason at Eynsham Hall 493
175 Elevations at Eynsham, showing Jones's additions (shaded) 494
176 Plan, Eynsham Hall 494
177 Photo, Front Facade, Eynsham Hall [demolished] 495
178 Ceiling decoration, Hall 495
179 Section, New Hall, Eynsham Hall 496
180 Lighting fixture design 496
181 Section showing new equipment 497
182 Decoration of the Drawing Room, Music Room, and Card Room 497
183 Decoration of the Dining Room, Eynsham Hall 498
184 Photo, Front Facade, Eynsham Hall [demolished] 498
185 Ceiling pattern, Billiard Hall 499
186 Section from North to South through Billiard Room 499
187 Decoration, Ballroom 500
188 Details of Conservatory, Eynsham Hall 500
189 Landscape Plan, Eynsham Hall 501
190 Photo, Landscaping, Eynsham Hall 501
191 Photo, Garden Facade, Eynsham Hall 502
192 Exterior, Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition Building 503
193 Interior, Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition Building 503