Ovarian Neoplasm Imaging

526 Pages·2013·60.51 MB·English

by  Anna Maria Paoletti

Luca Saba · U. Rajendra Acharya
Stefano Guerriero · Jasjit Suri Editors
Ovarian Neoplasm
Imaging
Ovarian Neoplasm Imaging

Luca Saba (cid:129) U. Rajendra Acharya
Stefano Guerriero (cid:129) Jasjit Suri
Editors
Ovarian Neoplasm Imaging
Editors
Luca Saba Jasjit S. Suri
Department of Radiology Department of Biomedical Engineering
University of Cagliari CTO, Global Biomedical Technologies
Cagliari Roseville , CA
Italy USA
U. Rajendra Acharya Department of Biomedical Engineering
Ngee Ann Polytechnic Idaho State University (Aff.)
Singapore Pocatello , ID
USA
Stefano Guerriero
University of Cagliari
Cagliari
Italy
ISBN 978-1-4614-8632-9 ISBN 978-1-4614-8633-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8633-6
Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2013957808
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
T his work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is
concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction
on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation,
computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this
legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifi cally for
the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the
Publisher's location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions
for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution
under the respective Copyright Law.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not
imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and
regulations and therefore free for general use.
While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the
authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be
made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
Printed on acid-free paper
Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Contents
Part I General Concepts
Epidemiology of Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Anna Maria Paoletti, Bruno Piras, Monica Pilloni, Maria Francesca Marotto,
Marisa Orrù, Valentina Corda, and Gian Benedetto Melis
Histopathology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Giuseppina Parodo, Clara Gerosa, and Silvia Soddu
Part II Non Neoplastic Lesions of the Ovary
Cysts of Follicular Origin and Pregnancy Luteoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Bianka K. Freiwald-Chilla, Nik Hauser, and Rahel A. Kubik-Huch
The Ovarian Endometrioma: Clinical Setting and Ultrasound Findings. . . . . . . . . . 55
Stefano Guerriero, Silvia Ajossa, Cristina Peddes, Maura Perniciano,
Bruna Soggiu, Jasjit S. Suri, Luca Saba, and Gian Benedetto Melis
Endometrioma: Computed Tomography and Magnetic
Resonance Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Luca Saba, Rosa Sulcis, Sara Spiga, Mario Piga, Jasjit S. Suri, Silvia Ajossa,
and Stefano Guerriero
Part III Benign Tumors
Epithelial Stromal Tumors: Serous and Mucinous
(Clinical Setting and Ultrasound). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Maria Àngela Pascual
Benign Surface Stromal Tumors of the Ovary: Computed
Tomography and Magnetic Resonance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Takashi Koyama
Ovarian Benign Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors: Clinical
and Ultrasound Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Juan José Hidalgo-Mora and Juan Luis Alcázar
Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors: Computed Tomography
and Magnetic Resonance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Takashi Koyama
Ovarian Teratomas: Clinical Setting and Ultrasound Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Tom Holland and Davor Jurkovic
v
vi Contents
CT and MR of Benign Ovarian Germ Cell Tumours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Ingrid Millet, H. Perrochia, E. Pages-Bouic, F. Curros- Doyon, G. Rathat,
and P. Taourel
Part IV Borderline and Malignant Tumor
Borderline Tumor (Serous/Mucinous/Endometrioid)
(Clinical Setting and US). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Caterina Exacoustos
Computed Tomographic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
of Borderline and Serous Tumors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Eito Kozawa
Malignant Ovarian Tumors (Serous/Mucinous/Endometrioid/
Clear Cell Carcinoma): Clinical Setting and Ultrasound Appearance. . . . . . . . . . . 229
Juan Luis Alcázar and Jesús Utrilla-Layna
CT and MR Imaging of Ovarian Adenocarcinoma
(Serous/Mucinous/Endometrioid) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Marc Bazot, Isabelle Thomassin-Naggara, and Emile Daraï
Rare Malignant Tumor (Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma, Transitional
Cell Carcinoma, Malignant Brenner Tumor) (Clinical Setting and US) . . . . . . . . . 263
Testa Antonia Carla, Ludovisi Manuela, De Blasis Ilaria, Giansiracusa Carmelo,
and Mascilini Floriana
Rare Ovarian Tumors: Computed Tomography
and Magnetic Resonance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Takashi Koyama, Takashi Ikeuchi, and Kaori Togashi
Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors: Clinical Setting
and Ultrasound Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Caroline Van Holsbeke and Dirk Timmerman
Malignant Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor: Computed
Tomography and Magnetic Resonance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Takashi Koyama
Malignant Germ Cell: Stromal Tumors (Clinical Setting and US). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Dorella Franchi, Ailyn Vidal Urbinati, and Vanna Zanagnolo
CT and MR Imaging of Malignant Germinal
and Stromal Ovarian Tumours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Corinne Balleyguier, Wassef Khaled, Sandra Canale, Laura Ciolovan,
Elise Zareski, Pierre Duvillard, Laurence Brugières, and Philippe Morice
Metastatic Ovarian Tumors (Clinical Setting and US). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Daniela Fischerova
Metastatic Tumours of the Ovaries: Computed Tomography
and Magnetic Resonance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Stavroula Kyriazi, Jennifer C. Wakefi eld, and Nandita M. deSouza
Contents vii
Part V New Prospectives
Three-Dimensional Ultrasound in Adnexal Masses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Juan Luis Alcázar, Begoña Olartecoechea, and María Aubá
Ovarian Tumor Characterization Using 3D Ultrasound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
U. Rajendra Acharya, M. Muthu Rama Krishnan, Luca Saba, Filippo Molinari,
Stefano Guerriero, and Jasjit S. Suri
Ovarian Tumor Characterization and Classifi cation Using
Ultrasound: A New Online Paradigm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
U. Rajendra Acharya, Luca Saba, Filippo Molinari, Stefano Guerriero,
and Jasjit S. Suri
Evolutionary Algorithm-Based Classifi er Parameter Tuning for
Automatic Ovarian Cancer Tissue Characterization and Classifi cation . . . . . . . . . 425
U. Rajendra Acharya, Muthu Rama Krishnan Mookiah, S. Vinitha Sree,
Ratna Yanti, Roshan Martis, Luca Saba, Filippo Molinari, Stefano Guerriero,
and Jasjit S. Suri
FDG-PET/CT Imaging of Ovarian Cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
Lin Ho
Contrast-Enhanced Transvaginal Sonography of Ovarian Masses:
Potential Role in Early Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
Arthur C. Fleischer, Andre Lyshchik, and David A. Fishman
Molecular Imaging of Ovarian Carcinoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
Lucia M.A. Crane, Rick G. Pleijhuis, Marleen van Oosten,
and Gooitzen M. van Dam
Author Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
Part I
General Concepts
Epidemiology of Epithelial
Ovarian Carcinoma
Anna Maria Paoletti , Bruno Piras , Monica Pilloni ,
Maria Francesca Marotto , Marisa Orrù ,
Valentina Corda , and Gian Benedetto Melis
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the fi fth to sixth most common cancer in women, causing more
annual deaths than any other gynecological malignancies in women worldwide. In the
majority of cases, a good prognosis cannot be made at the diagnosis because clinical pre-
sentation of the disease occurs at an advanced stage. In the United States, approximately
one-half of ovarian cancer- affl icted women die of this disease.
S everal environmental factors can interfere on the risk of ovarian cancer, and the differ-
ent interferences of some risk factors on the histologic type of tumor lead to hypothesize a
different mechanism of carcinogenesis.
In this view, the epithelial ovarian cancer seems to recognize a proper oncogenetic mech-
anism in which genetic factors, reproductive factors, and some lifestyle factors play an
important role.
Keywords
Epidemiology • Epithelial ovarian cancer • Oncogenetic mechanism • Prevalence • Incidence
Introduction
E pithelial ovarian cancer is the fi fth to sixth most common
cancer in women, causing more annual deaths than any other
A. M. Paoletti (*) gynecological malignancies in women worldwide [1 ] . In the
Clinica Ginecologica Ostetrica e di Fisiopatologia della
majority of cases, a good prognosis cannot be made at the
Riproduzione Umana, Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche ,
diagnosis because clinical presentation of the disease occurs
Università degli Studi di Cagliari,
Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari , at an advanced stage [2 ] . In the United States, approximately
Cagliari , Italy one-half of ovarian cancer-affl icted women die of this dis-
Dipartimento Chirurgico Materno Infantile e di Scienze ease [3 ] . One group of tumors is represented by endometri-
delle Immagini, Sezione di Clinica Ginecologica oid, mucinous, and low-grade serous carcinomas. They are
Ostetrica e di Fisiopatologia della Riproduzione Umana ,
discovered in the substance of the ovary, and likely they pro-
Università di Cagliari , Via Ospedale 54 ,
ceed in a gradual fashion from benign to malignant. In the
I-09124 , Cagliari , Italy
e-mail: [email protected] second group, there are the serous carcinomas that appear on
the ovarian surface with the involvement of fallopian tubes,
B. Piras • M. Pilloni • M. F. Marotto • M. Orrù
V. Corda • G. B. Melis mesentery, and omentum. This latter group are the most
Clinica Ginecologica Ostetrica e di Fisiopatologia della lethal form of epithelial ovarian cancer [4 , 5 ].
Riproduzione Umana, Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche ,
In the absence of current screening methods of the dis-
Università degli Studi di Cagliari,
ease, the evaluation of risk factors seems to play a key role to
Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari ,
Cagliari , Italy do an adequate prevention.
L. Saba et al. (eds.), Ovarian Neoplasm Imaging, 3
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8633-6_1, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013