Table Of ContentOUT FROM THE SHADOWS
Studies in Feminist Philosophy is designed to showcase cutting-edge monographs and collections that display the
full range of feminist approaches to philosophy, that push feminist thought in important new directions, and that
display the outstanding quality of feminist philosophical thought.
STUDIES IN FEMINIST PHILOSOPHY
Cheshire Calhoun, Series Editor
Advisory Board
Harry Brod, University of Northern Iowa
Claudia Card, University of Wisconsin
Lorraine Code, York University, Toronto
Kimberle Crenshaw, Columbia Law School/UCLA School of Law
Jane Flax, Howar University
Ann Garry, California State University, Los Angeles
Sally Haslanger, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Alison Jaggar, University of Colorado, Boulder
Helen Longino, Stanford University
Maria Lugones, SUNY Binghamton
Uma Narayan, Vassar College
James Sterba, University of Notre Dame
Rosemarie Tong, University of North Carolina, Charlotte
Nancy Tuana, Penn State University
Karen Warren, Macalester College
Published in the series: Family Bonds: Genealogies of Race and Gender
Abortion and Social Responsibility: Depolarizing the Ellen K. Feder
Debate Ecological Thinking: The Politics of Epistemic Location
Laurie Shrage Lorraine Code
Gender in the Mirror: Confounding Imagery Moral Understandings: A Feminist Study in Ethics,
Diana Tietjens Meyers Second Edition
Autonomy, Gender, Politics Margaret Urban Walker
Marilyn Friedman The Moral Skeptic
Setting the Moral Compass: Essays by Women Anita M. Superson
Philosophers “You’ve Changed”: Sex Reassignment and Personal
Edited by Cheshire Calhoun Identity
Burdened Virtues: Virtue Ethics for Liberatory Struggles Edited by Laurie J. Shrage
Lisa Tessman
Dancing with Iris: The Philosophy of Iris MarionYoung
On Female Body Experience: “Throwing Like a Girl” Edited by Ann Ferguson and Mechthild Nagel
and Other Essays
Philosophy of Science after Feminism
Iris Marion Young
Janet A. Kourany
Visible Identities: Race, Gender and the Self
Shifting Ground: Knowledge and Reality, Transgression
Linda Martín Alcoff
and Trustworthiness
Women and Citizenship
Naomi Scheman
Edited by Marilyn Friedman
The Metaphysics of Gender
Women’s Liberation and the Sublime: Feminism,
Charlotte Witt
Postmodernism, Environment
Bonnie Mann Unpopular Privacy: What Must We Hide?
Anita L. Allen
Analyzing Oppression
Ann E. Cudd Adaptive Preferences and Empowerment
Self Transformations: Foucault, Ethics, and Normalized Serene Khader
Bodies Out from the Shadows
Cressida J. Heyes Edited by Sharon L. Crasnow and Anita M. Superson
OUT FROM
THE SHADOWS
Analytical Feminist Contributions
to Traditional Philosophy
E D I T E D B Y
S H A R O N L . C R A S N O W
A N D A N I T A M . S U P E R S O N
1
3
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Copyright © 2012 Oxford University Press
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Out from the shadows : analytical feminist contributions to traditional philosophy.
p. cm.
ISBN 978-0-19-985546-9 (hardcover : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-0-19-985547-6 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Analysis (Philosophy) 2. Feminist theory.
B808.5.O88 2012
108.2—dc22
2011011596
ISBN-13: 9780199855469 hardcover; 9780199855476 paperback
1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
For my daughters,
Sascha and Sonia
S.L.C.
For all the daughters of philosophy
who make it matter
A.M.S.
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CONTENTS
Preface ix
Contributors xi
Introduction 3
Anita M. Superson and Sharon L. Crasnow
1. Resistance Is (Not) Futile: Analytical Feminism’s
Relation to Political Philosophy 15
Ann E. Cudd
2. A Feminist, Kantian Conception of the Right
to Bodily Integrity: The Cases of Abortion
and Homosexuality 33
Helga Varden
3. Autonomy in Relation 59
Andrea C. Westlund
4. Critical Character Theory: Toward a Feminist
Perspective on “Vice” (and “Virtue”) 83
R obin S. Dillon
5. Modesty as a Feminist Sexual Virtue 115
Anne Barnhill
6. Standards of Rationality and the Challenge
of the Moral Skeptic 139
Anita M. Superson
7. Constructivism and Feminism 175
Julia Driver
8. Politically Signifi cant Terms and Philosophy
of Language: Methodological Issues 195
Jennifer Mather Saul
9. Illocution and Expectations of Being Heard 217
Maura Tumulty
v iii | CONTENTS
10. Is There a “Feminist” Philosophy of Language? 245
Louise Antony
11. Silence and Institutional Prejudice 287
Miranda Fricker
12. Knowing Moral Agents: Epistemic Dependence
and the Moral Realm 307
Heidi E. Grasswick
1 3. W hat Is Distinctive about Feminist Epistemology
at 25? 339
Phyllis Rooney
14. Uses of Value Judgments in Science: A General
Argument, with Lessons from a Case Study
of Feminist Research on Divorce 377
Elizabeth Anderson
15. The Analytic Tradition, Radical (Feminist)
Interpretation, and the Hygiene Hypothesis 405
Sharyn Clough
16. The Web of Valief: An Assessment of Feminist
Radical Empiricism 435
Miriam Solomon
17. Self-Constructions: An Existentialist Approach
to Self and Social Identity 451
Mariam Thalos
18. Who Is Included? Intersectionality, Metaphors,
and the Multiplicity of Gender 493
Ann Garry
Index 531
PREFACE
Th is collection has its roots in a conference organized by the editors on
behalf of the Society for Analytical Feminism, held in Lexington,
Kentucky, in April 2008. Th e goal of the Society, founded in 1993, is to
promote analytical feminist work and to provide a forum for exchange of
these ideas. Analytical feminists work in the analytical tradition, and
apply feminist insights to it, or they use the methods of analytical philos-
ophy to address explicitly feminist issues. In the early days, analytical
feminists found themselves defending their methodology from feminist
challenges and their feminism from detractors in the analytic tradition.
But by 2008, feminist debates about fundamental concepts such as
reason, objectivity, and truth had been taking place for some time, and
many feminists had moved beyond them and worked squarely within
analytical philosophy, unapologetically employing its methodology and
many of its concepts, oft en in revised form. We decided that the time was
ripe for a conference that would highlight this transition in feminist work
and its impact on traditional philosophy. To this end, we organized the
conference whose goal was that of its title: Analytical Feminist
Contributions to Traditional Philosophy . Th e speakers were asked to write
about how feminist philosophy done in an analytical way advanced the
state of the area of philosophy in which they worked. Th e result was some
two dozen or so excellent papers spanning most areas in philosophy, and
vivacious discussions of a myriad of issues that these feminists believed
needed addressing. Collectively, the discussions represented the current
status of analytical feminist work, and one of our goals was to bring some
of these ideas together into this collection. Some of the papers from the
conference, in revised versions, appear here, but some of the essays in
this volume were written independently of the conference and were
included because they fi t its theme. We believe they off er a comprehen-
sive overview of analytical feminist contributions to traditional philos-
ophy. A secondary goal of this anthology, one we believe to be equally as
