हमारे अतीत २ / Our Pasts 2 (History 07)

168 Pages·2020·22.991 MB·Hindi

by  Various

lkekftd foKku
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bfrgkl dh ikB;~ iLq rd
2020-21
2020-21
lkekftd foKku
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bfrgkl dh ikB~;iqLrd
2020-21
ISBN 81-7450-755-8
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fd, tkus dk izeq[k dkj.k ikB~;iqLrd dks ijh{kk dk ,dek=k vk/kj cukus dh izo`fÙk
gSA ltZuk vkSj igy dks fodflr djus osQ fy, ”k:jh gS fd ge cPpksa dks lh[kus
dh izfozQ;k esa iwjk Hkkxhnkj ekusa vkSj cuk,¡] mUgsa Kku dh fu/kZfjr [kqjkd dk xzkgd
ekuuk NksM+ nsaA
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thou dk s ekufld ncko rFkk ckfsj;r dh txg [k'q kh dk vuHq ko cuku s e as fdruh iHz kkoh
fl¼ gkrs h gAS ck>s dh leL;k l s fuiVu s oQs fy, ikB;~ oQze fuekrZ kvk as u s fofHkUu pj.kkas
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dk è;ku j[ku s dh igy s l s vf/d lprs dkfs'k'k dh gAS bl dkfs'k'k dk s vkjS xgjkus
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gkFk l s dh tku s okyh xfrfof/;k as dk s ikzFkfedrk nrs h gAS
,u-lh-b-Zvkj-Vh- bl iLq rd dh jpuk oQs fy, cukb Z xb Z ikB;~ iLq rd fuek.Z k lfefr
osQ ifjJe osQ fy, o`QrKrk O;Dr djrh gSA ifj"kn~ lkekftd foKku ikB~;iqLrd
lykgdkj lfefr oQs vè;{k ikzIs+kQslj gfj oklnq os u vkjS bl ikB;~ iLq rd lfefr oQs e[q ;
lykgdkj uhykfnz Hk^kpk; Z dh fo'ks"k vkHkkjh gSA bl ikB~;iqLrd osQ fodkl esa dbZ
f'k{kdksa us ;ksxnku fd;k] bl ;ksxnku dks laHko cukus osQ fy, ge muosQ izkpk;ks± osQ
vkHkkjh gAaS ge mu lHkh lLa Fkkvk as vkjS lxa Buk as oQs ifzr oQ`rK g aS ftUgkuas s viu s lla kèkuk]as
lkexzh vkSj lg;ksfx;ksa dh enn ysus esa gesa mnkjrkiwoZd lg;ksx fn;kA ge ekè;fed
,oa mPp f'k{kk foHkkx] ekuo lalk/u fodkl ea=kky; }kjk izksI+ksQlj e`.kky ehjh ,oa
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izksI+ksQlj th-ih- ns'kikaMs dh vè;{krk esa xfBr fuxjkuh lfefr (ekWfuVfjax desVh) osQ
lnL;ksa dks viuk ewY;oku le; vkSj lg;ksx nsus osQ fy, èkU;okn nsrs gSaA O;oLFkkxr
lq/kjksa vkSj vius izdk'kuksa esa fujarj fu[kkj ykus osQ izfr lefiZr ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-
fVIif.k;ksa ,oa lq>koksa dk Lokxr djsxh ftuls Hkkoh la'kks/uksa esa enn yh tk losQA
fun's kd
u;h fnYyh jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/ku
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2020-21
ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr
vè;{k] lkekftd foKku ikB~;iqLrd lykgdkj lfefr
gfj oklqnsou] ikzIs +ksQlj] bfrgkl foHkkx] dydÙkk fo'ofo|ky;] dksydkrk
eq[; lykgdkj
uhykfnz Hk^kpk;]Z ikzIs +ksQlj] bfrgkl vè;;u osaQn]z lkekftd foKku LowQy] tokgjyky usg:
fo'ofo|ky;] u;h fnYyh
lykgdkj
oqQ.kky poQzcrh]Z ikzIs +ksQlj] bfrgkl vè;;u osaQn]z lkekftd foKku LowQy] tokgjyky usg:
fo'ofo|ky;] u;h fnYyh
lquhy oqQekj] jhMj] bfrgkl foHkkx] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;] fnYyh
lnL;
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oQqeoQqe jk;W ] ,lkfsl,V ikzIs +kQslj] bfrgkl vè;;u oQasn]z lkekftd foKku LoQwy] tokgjyky ugs :
fo'ofo|ky;] u;h fnYyh
osQ'kou osywFkV] ikzIs +ksQlj] bfrgkl foHkkx] eaxyksj fo'ofo|ky;] eaxykjS ] dukVZ d
psru ¯lg] ikzIs +ksQlj] bfrgkl foHkkx] fgekpy inz s'k fo'ofo|ky;] f'keyk] fgekpy inz s'k
uSuk nkl xqIrk] yDs pjj] bfrgkl foHkkx] ysMh Jhjke dkWyst] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;] fnYyh
iQjgr glu] jhMj] bfrgkl foHkkx] vyhx<+ eqfLye fo'ofo|ky;] vyhx<+] mÙkj inz s'k
HkjS oh ilz kn lkgw] ikzIs +ksQlj rFkk foHkkxkè;{k] bfrgkl foHkkx] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;] fnYyh
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jtr nÙkk] ikzIs+kQslj] bfrgkl vè;;u oQasn]z lkekftd foKku LoQwy] tokgjyky ugs : fo'ofo|ky;]
u;h fnYyh
jktu xq:oqQy] ikzIs +ksQlj] bfrgkl foHkkx] egkRek xk¡/h fo'ofo|ky;] dk^s k;e] oQsjy
fot;k jkekLokeh] ikzIs +ksQlj] bfrgkl vè;;u osaQn]z lkekftd foKku LowQy] tokgjyky usg:
fo'ofo|ky;] u;h fnYyh
'kqfp ctkt] ih-th-Vh-] bfrgkl] ¯Lixz MsYl LowQy] iwlk jksM] u;h fnYyh
ljhyk fe=kk] ih-th-Vh-] bfrgkl] olar oyS h LowQy] olar oqaQt] u;h fnYyh
lh-,u- lqczgef.k;e] funs'kd] ,dyO;] dksBh ck”kkj] gks'kaxkckn] eè; izns'k
fganh vuqokn
vfuy lsBh] jk-'kS-v-iz-i-
oqQlqe ck¡fB;k] HkwriwoZ jhMj] ns'kcU/q dkWyst] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;] fnYyh
ij'kqjke] Hkrw iow Z fun's kd (jktHkk"kk)] Hkkjr ljdkj
jhrw ¯lg] jk-'k-Sv-i-zi-
latho oqQekj] lhfu;j ysDpjj] ns'kcU/q dkWyst] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;] fnYyh
lhek ,l- vks>k] yDs pjj] lk-fo-f'k-fo-] jk-'kS-v-iz-i-] u;h fnYyh
lnL;&leUo;d
jhrw ¯lg] yDs pjj] lk-fo-f'k-fo-] jk-'k-Sv-i-zi-] u;h fnYyh
vii
2020-21
vkHkkj
;g iqLrd ,d o"kZ osQ ¯pru] ppkZ] fopkj&foe'kZ vkSj iquysZ[ku dk urhtk gS]
tks ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr osQ lnL;ksa dh ;ksX;rk vkSj leiZ.k dk izfriQy
gAS bl le; esa geus ,d&nwljs ls cgqr lh[kkA gesa mEehn g S fd idz kf'kr
iqLrd ppkZ] ys[ku vkSj iquysZ[ku osQ yacs nkSj osQ mRlkg vkSj [kqf'k;ksa dks
ifzr¯cfcr djrh gAS iqLrd lfefr osQ iRz ;sd lnL; dks mudh viuh&viuh
laLFkkvksa ,oa ifjokjksa ls cgqr lg;ksx vkSj izksRlkgu feykA bl volj ij ge
mu lc dks /U;okn nsuk pkgsaxsA
jk-'kS-v-iz-i- dh fuxjkuh lfefr (ekWfuVfjax desVh) osQ lnL;] izksI+ksQlj
ts-,l- xzsoky vkSj f'kdkxks fo'ofo|ky; osQ izksI+ksQlj eq”kÝiQj vkye us vusd
vè;k;ksa ij viuh fVIif.k;k¡ nha vkSj gekjh izR;sd leL;k dks cM+h mnkjrk ls
lqy>k;kA fo;uk fo'ofo|ky; dh izksI+ksQlj ,ck dksp us vius vusd fp=k vkSj
rLohjk as dk mi;kxs dju s dh btk”kr nhA fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; oQs ih-th-Mh-,-oh-
dkyst dh MkW- ehjk [kjs us oqQN iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsus esa cgqr rRijrk fn[kkbZ vkSj
vusd tkudkfj;k¡ vkjS fp=k inz ku djosQ gekjh enn dhA ge bu lcosQ vR;ar
vkHkkjh gaSA
vkVZ fozQ,'kUl dh ½rq Vksik }kjk dh xbZ fdrkc dh cukoV vkSj lTtk osQ
fy, ge mUgsa /U;okn nsrs gSaA bl iqLrd osQ ekufp=k lrh'k ekS;Z us cuk, gSaA
ge mudh lgu'khyrk] rRijrk vkSj dk;Z&oqQ'kyrk osQ fy, muosQ o`QrK gSaA
bl iqLrd osQ fodkl osQ fofHkUu pj.kksa esa lg;ksx osQ fy, ge
Mh-Vh-ih- vkWijsVj] xqfjUnj ¯lg jk;] vfuy 'kek]Z b'Z oj ¯lg ,oa fot; dk'S ky_
dkWih ,fMVj] vatuk c['kh_ izwiQ jhMj] vpy oqQekj] 'kf'k nsoh rFkk
daI;wVj bapktZ] fnus'k oqQekj dk Hkh vkHkkj O;Dr djrs gSaA bu lHkh lkfFk;ksa us
vius&vius dk; Z rRijrk vkjS oqQ'kyrk ls iwjs fd,A
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fp=kksa ,oa ekufp=kksa osQ fy, vkHkkj
ge fuEu yksxksa dk vkHkkj O;Dr djrs gSaA
fp=k osQ fy, vkHkkj
------ fnYyh] vkxjk] t;iqj % n xksYMu Vªk;axy (vè;k; 4 fp=k 1)_ vkpZj] feYMjsM] vyhZ O;w vkWI+kQ
bafM;k] n fiDplZD;w tuhZ”k vkWI+kQ FkkWel ,aM fofy;e Msfu,y] 1786&1794]
(vè;k; 5] fp=k 4)_
vkW£d;kssykWftdy losZ vkWI+kQ bafM;k- O+kqQRc ehukj ,aM ,MtkWb¯ux eksuqesaV~l]
(vè;k; 3] fp=k 2_ vè;k; 5] fp=k 2d] 2[k] 5d] 5[k)_
v'kj] oSQFksjhu ,aM ¯lfFk;k VkycksV- bafM;k fciQksj ;wjksi]
(vè;k; 10] fp=k 8)_
vfVy] bflu- n cz'k vkWI+kQ nh ekWLVlZ % MªkbaXl I+kzQkWe bZjku ,aM bafM;k
(fiNyk vkoj.k] vè;k; 3] fp=k 1)_
ca|ksikè;k;] vfe;oqQekj- caoqQjkj eafnj]
(vè;k; 9] fp=k 11] 12] 13] 14)_
csys] lh-,-,u- byLVªsfVM fgLVªh vkWI+kQ ekWMuZ bafM;k] 1600&1947
(vè;k; 10] fp=k 2] 4)_
chp] feyks lh- ,aM ,ck dksp- ¯dx vkWI+kQ nh oYMZ] n ikn'kkgukek
(vè;k; 4] fp=k 3] 4] 5] 6)_
czkaM] ekbosQy ,aM xysu Mh- ykWjh (laik-) iQrsgiqj lhdjh
(vè;k; 5] fp=k 17)_
czkmu] ijlh- bafM;u vkW£dVªsDpj (bLykfed ihfj;M)
(vè;k; 3] fp=k 4] 5)_
lasVj iQkWj dYpjy jhlkslZ ,aM Vsª¯ux] u;h fnYyh
(vè;k; 2] fp=k 4_ vè;k; 3] fp=k 3_ vè;k; 5] fp=k 1_ vè;k; 9] fp=k 3] 5)_
nkl] vuar- tkV oS".ko dFkk
(vè;k; 8] fp=k 7)_
nslkbZ] nsokaxuk- [ktqjkgks& eksuqesaV~l yhxslh
(vè;k; 5] fp=k 3[k)_
bVkWu] jhpMZ- lw-iQhl vkWI+kQ chtkiqj
(vè;k; 8] fp=k 6)_
bMojMsl] ekbosQy- bafM;u VsEiYl ,aM iSyslsl
(vè;k; 2] fp=k 1] vè;k; 5] fp=k 3d)_
bgyZl] bdkjV ,aM FkkWEkl jkWÝV- 'kkgtgk¡ukckn@iqjkuh fnYYkh% VsªfMlu ,aM dksyksfu;y psat
(vè;k; 5] fp=k 15)_
boslu] ukWjeSu- n bafM;u eSVªksikWfyl
(vè;k; 6] fp=k 2] 8)_
xSldkWxkuh] ckecj- n xzsV eqX+kYl
(vè;k; 4] fp=k 7] 9)_
xksLokeh] ch-,u- n oMZ b”k lsozsQM] lsoszQM b”k n oMZ
(vè;k; 2] fp=k 2_ vè;k; 8] fp=k 1_ vè;k; 9] fp=k 2)_
gwtk] jhek- , fgLVªh vkWI+kQ jktLFkku
(vè;k; 10] fp=k 5)_
vkbvksul] osjksfudk- bafM;u ekbFkksykWth
(vè;k; 6] fp=k 1)_
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2020-21
dksp] ,ck- 'kkgtgk¡ ,aM vkWjisaQl
(vè;k; 5] fp=k 12)_
dksp] ,ck- n dEiyhV rktegy
(vè;k; 4] fp=k 2_ vè;k; 5] fp=k 6] 9] 10] 11] 13] 14)_
dksp] ,ck- eqX+ky vkW£dVsDpj
(vè;k; 5] fp=k 16)_
dksBkjh] lquhy- dRFkd % bafM;u Dykfldy Makl vkVZ
(vè;k; 9] fp=k 6)_
ykWiQksaV] thu&esjh- egkjktk j.kthr ¯lg % ykWMZ vkWI+kQ nh iQkbo jholZ
(vè;k; 10] fp=k 6] 7)_
ekls ys klW ] fte] tds h etas ls ] irz kikfnR;k iky- MkfaLkx V w nh ÝyVw % E;wf”kd ,aM Mkla bu bfaM;u vkVZ
(vè;k; 7] fp=k 1_ vè;k; 8] fp=k 4] 8] 9_ vè;k; 9] fp=k 8] 9)_
ekbdy] tkWtZ ,aM olqa/jk fiQyhvkstsV- LiysaMjl vkWI+kQ nh fot;uxj bEik;j& gEih
(vè;k; 6] fp=k 6] 7)_
ekbdy] tkWtZ- vkW£dVsDpj ,aM vkVZ vkWI+kQ lnuZ bafM;k
(vè;k; 8] fp=k 2)_
iky] izrkikfnR;k- dksVZ isa¯VXl vkWI+kQ bafM;k
(vè;k; 7] fp=k 2_ vè;k; 8] fp=k 3_ vè;k; 9] fp=k 4] 7] 8)_
li-Qknh] okbZ-,p- bLykfed oSQyhxzkI+kQh
(vè;k; 1] fp=k 2)_
¯lg] :isanj] xq# ukud % fg”k ykbiQ ,aM Vh¯pXl
(vè;k; 8] fp=k 11)_
LVªk¡x] lwlku- n vkV~Zl vkWI+kQ nh fl[k ¯dXMEl
(vè;k; 6] fp=k 4] 5_ vè;k; 8] fp=k 10] ist xii)
lqczkef.k;e] lat;- n osQfj;j ,aM fytsaM vkWI+kQ okLdks Mh xkek
(vè;k; 6] fp=k 9)_
FkSDlVu] Oghyj ,e- (VªkalysVsM] ,MhfVM ,aM ,uksVsM)] tgk¡xhjukek] eseksjh”k vkWI+kQ tgk¡xhj]
,Eijj vkWiQ bafM;k
(vè;k; 4] fp=k 8)_
osYp] LVwvVZ oSQjh- bafM;k] vkVZ ,aM dYpj % 1300&1900
(vè;k; 7] fp=k 4] 6] 7_ vè;k; 8] fp=k 5)_
osYp] LVwvVZ oSQjh- bEihfj;y eqX+ky isa¯Vx
(vè;k; 1] fp=k 1)_
ekufp=k osQ fy, vkHkkj
'okV~”kC+kxZ] ts-bZ- , fgLVksfjdy ,Vyl vkWI+kQ lkmFk ,f'k;k
(vè;k; 1] ekufp=k 1] 2)_
fofHkUu fdrkcksa ,oa ,Vylksa ls fy, x, lEikfnr rFkk iz;ksx esa yk, x, ekufp=k %
v'kj] osQFkjkbu ,aM ¯lfFk;k VkWycksV- bafM;k fciQksj ;wjksi
(vè;k; 3] ekufp=k 3_ vè;k; 4] ekufp=k 1)_
csys] lh-,- bafM;u lkslkbVh ,aM nh es¯dx vkWI+kQ nh fczfV'k ,Eik;j
(vè;k; 10] ekufp=k 1] 2)_
iQjosQucxZ] vkj-bZ- (laik-) nsgyh Fkzw n ,sftl
(vè;k; 3] ekufp=k 1)_
gchc] bjiQku- ,u ,Vyl vkWiQ nh eqX+ky ,Eik;j
(vè;k; 7] ekufp=k 2)_
oqQekj] lquhy- bejtsal vkWI+kQ nh nsgyh lYrur
(vè;k; 3] ekufp=k 2)_
'okV~”kCkxZ] ts- bZ- , fgLVksfjdy ,Vyl vkWI+kQ lkmFk ,f'k;k
(vè;k; 1] ekufp=k 3)
x
2020-21