Our Foreign Service. The A B C of American Diplomacy

340 Pages·13.191 MB·English

by  Frederick Van Dyne.

I
'OT
Our Foreign Service
The "A B C"
of
AMERICAN DIPLOMACY
By
FREDERICK VAN DYNE, LL.M.,
American Consul; Formerly Assistant Solicitor of the Department
OF State of the United States; Authorof "Citizenship
of the United States," "VanDyne
on Naturalization," Etc.
1909
thelawyersco-operativepublishingcompany
rochester. n. y.
' > ' > J ^.' > J '
Copyright 1908.
By FREDERICK VAN UYNE.
E. R. ANDRF.VVS PRINTING CO.
PRINTERS, KOCHESTliR. N.Y.
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^^
.
Contents
Pa^f.
PREFACE
Vll
—
CHAPTER I The Department of State 1
— ......
CHAPTER n Our Diplomatic Service 45
—
CHAPTER in Our Consular Service 117
—
CHAPTER IV Citizenship, Expatriation and Passports 181
—
^ CHAPTER V TheLiteratureOF THE Subject: Bibliog- 197
O RAPHY
^ APPENDIX
207
INDEX
287

Illustrations
The Department of State Frontispiece
Commercial Reading Room at Kingston, Jamaica . Page 166

Preface
Act of Congress of April 5, 1906, re-organ-
THE
izing our Consular Service, and the Executive
Order of June 27th following, placing appoint-
ments and promotions on a civil-service basis, make
possible an attractive and honorable career for young
men of ambition and ability, in that branch of our for-
eign service.
The same principle was applied to the Diplomatic
Service by the Presidential Order of November 10,
1905, which provides that vacancies in the ofifice of Sec-
retary of Embassy or Legation shall be filled by pro-
motion or transfer from some branch of the foreign
service or by the appointment of persons found to pos-
sess the requisite qualifications who shall have been des-
ignated by the President for examination. While this
does not apply to the appointment of Ambassadors and
Ministers, the principle of promotion for meritorious
service governs in the Diplomatic Service to an extent
that is not generally appreciated. The United States
is represented in foreign countries by ten Ambassadors
and thirty-two Ministers. Nine of the ten Ambassa-
dors previously served as Ministers and the other had
before served as an Ambassador. Three began their
diplomatic career as Secretaries of Legation. One had
been Assistant Secretary of State, and one had served
as a Consul. Of the Ministers, seventeen had previous-
vii
ly served as Ministers. Thirteen began their diplo-
matic career as Secretaries of Legation. Two had
served as Assistant Secretaries of State, and four had
served as Consuls.
With the remarkable development of our foreign
commerce and the greatly enlarged part taken by our
Government in international matters during recent
years, greater interest is being taken in foreign affairs
by the general public. Universities, colleges and law
schools are devoting more attention to international
subjects, and some are providing special facilities for
the preparation of students for the foreign service.
To meet the needs of the general reader, the college
student, and the ambitious young man who, though
denied the advantages of a course in the higher insti-
tutions of learning, aspires to a position in our foreign
service, this elementary work has been prepared. It
will be of especial value to newly appointed diplomatic
and consular officers. The writer ventures to hope that
it will be found useful and interesting also to the legal
profession and diplomatic and consular officers gener-
ally.
The subject is considered under five different heads,
the first chapter dealing with the Department of State,
the official organ of communication between this gov-
ernment and foreign nations. The second treats of
the Diplomatic Service, representing the political
branch of this government in foreign countries. The
third concerns the Consular Service, which represents
the commercial or business interests of the nation. The
viii