Otology/Neurotology/Skull Base Surgery

728 Pages·2015·108.08 MB·English

by  Anil K Lalwani

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SATALOFF'S COMPREHENSIVE
TEXTBOOK OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY
HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
Series Editor: Robert T Sataloff MD DMA FACS
OTOLOGY/NEUROTOLOGY/
SKULL BASE SURGERY
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SATALOFF'S COMPREHENSIVE
TEXTBOOK OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY
HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
Series Editor: Robert T Sataloff MD DMA FACS
OTOLOGY/NEUROTOLOGY/
SKULL BASE SURGERY
Vol. 1
Volume Editor
Anil K Lalwani MD
Professor and Vice Chair for Research
Director, Division of Otology, Neurotology and Skull Base Surgery
Director, Columbia Cochlear Implant Program
Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
New York, New York, USA
The Health Sciences Publisher
New Delhi | London | Philadelphia | Panama
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Sataloff’s Comprehensive Textbook of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery: Otology/Neurotology/Skull Base Surgery (Vol. 1)
First Edition: 2016
ISBN: 978-93-5152-455-7
Printed at
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Contributors
Robert A Adamson MD Gregory J Basura MD Kevin D Brown MD PhD
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Associate Professor
School of Biomedical Engineering Department of Otolaryngology— Department of Otolaryngology—
Dalhousie University Head and Neck Surgery Head and Neck Surgery
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Kresge Hearing Research Institute University of North Carolina at Chapel
Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Hill School of Medicine
Sumit K Agrawal MD FRCSC Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
Associate Professor Carol Bauer MD
Department of Otolaryngology— Professor/Chair Roxanne Cano MD
Head and Neck Surgery Department of Surgery University of Texas Medical School
Western University Division of Otolaryngology Houston, Texas, USA
London, Ontario, Canada Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine Divya Chari MD
Yuri Agrawal MD Springfield, Illinois, USA Resident
Assistant Professor University of California, San Francisco
Department of Otolaryngology— Joan M Besing PhD CCC-A San Francisco, California, USA
Head and Neck Surgery Professor
Johns Hopkins University Department of Communication Daniel H Coelho MD FACS
School of Medicine G Douglas Hayden Associate Professor
Sciences and Disorders
Baltimore, Maryland, USA Department of Otolaryngology—
Montclair State University
Head and Neck Surgery
Montclair, New Jersey, USA
Art Ambrosio MD Virginia Commonwealth
Head and Neck Surgeon at Marine Corps School of Medicine
Jason A Beyea MD PhD FRCSC
Base Camp Lejeune Richmond, Virginia, USA
Fellow
Jacksonville, North Carolina, USA
Department of Otolaryngology—
C Eduardo Corrales MD
Head and Neck Surgery
Simon I Angeli MD Brigham and Women’s Instructor
The Ohio State University
Professor Associate Surgeon
Columbus, Ohio, USA
Department of Otolaryngology Department of Surgery
University of Miami Harvard Medical School
Dennis I Bojrab MD
Miami, Florida, USA Assistant Professor
CEO and Director of Research
Department of Otolaryngology
Michigan Ear Institute
Maris Appelbaum AuD Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
Director of Skull Base Surgery
Clinical Preceptor Harvard Medical School
Providence Hospital and
Department of Communication Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Medical Centers
Sciences and Disorders
Clinical Professor
Montclair State University Maura K Cosetti MD
Wayne State University
Montclair, New Jersey, USA Assistant Professor
Farmington Hills, Michigan, USA
Departments of Otolaryngology—
H Alexander Arts MD FACS Head and Neck Surgery and
Professor of Otolaryngology Derald E Brackmann MD Neurosurgery
University of Michigan Clinical Professor of Otolaryngology— Louisiana State University
Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Head and Neck Surgery and Health Sciences Center—Shreveport
Neurological Surgery
Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
Manohar Bance MB MSc FRCSC University of Southern California
Professor and Head School of Medicine Ryan A Crane MD
Division of Otolaryngology— Associate Resident Physician
Head and Neck Surgery House Ear Clinic Department of Otolaryngology—
Department of Surgery Board of Directors Head and Neck Surgery
Dalhousie University House Ear Institute University of Cincinnati Medical Center
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Los Angeles, California, USA Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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vi Otology/Neurotology/Skull Base Surgery
Karen Jo Doyle MD PhD Selena E Heman-Ackah MD MBA Anil K Lalwani MD
Professor Director of Otology Professor and Vice Chair for Research
Otology and Neurotology Neurotology, and Audiology Director
University of California Division of Otolaryngology Division of Otology
Davis Health System Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Neurotology and Skull Base Surgery
Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School Director
Sacramento, California, USA Boston, Massachusetts, USA Columbia Cochlear Implant Program
Department of Otolaryngology—
Robert W Eppsteiner MD Michael E Hoffer MD Head and Neck Surgery
University of Massachusetts Otolaryngology Columbia University College of
Medical School University of Miami Health System Physicians and Surgeons
Worcester, Massachusetts, USA Miami, Florida, USA New York, New York, USA
Deema Fattal MD Brandon Isaacson MD FACS Lawrence R Lustig MD
Associate Professor Associate Professor
Howard W Smith Professor and Chair
Director of Balance Disorders Clinic Department of Otolaryngology—
Department of Otolaryngology—
Department of Neurology Head and Neck Surgery
Head and Neck Surgery
University of Iowa University of Texas—
Columbia University
Iowa City, Iowa, USA Southwestern Medical Center
Medical Center and New York
Dallas, Texas, USA
Presbyterian Hospital
Alexander Filatov MD
New York, New York, USA
Department of Radiology Daniel Jethanamest MD
Stony Brook University Assistant Professor
Dean M Mancuso AuD
Stony Brook, New York, USA Department of Otolaryngology
Assistant Professor of Audiology
New York University School of Medicine
Department of Otolaryngology—
Richard A Goldman MD New York, New York, USA
Head and Neck Surgery
Assistant Professor
Columbia University Medical Center
Department of Otolaryngology— Steven K Juhn MD
New York, New York, USA
Head and Neck Surgery Department of Otolaryngology—
University of Kentucky Head and Neck Surgery
Peter L Santa Maria MBBS PhD
College of Medicine University of Minnesota
Instructor
Lexington, Kentucky, USA Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
Department of Otolaryngology—
Head and Neck Surgery
Sachin Gupta MD Robert W Jyung MD
Stanford University
Neurotology Fellow Associate Professor
Stanford, California, USA
Department of Otolaryngology— Department of Otolaryngology—
Head and Neck Surgery, University of Head and Neck Surgery
Texas—Southwestern Medical Center Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Adam N Master MD
Resident Physician
Dallas, Texas, USA Newark, New Jersey, USA
Department of Otolaryngology—
Mari Hagiwara MD Ruwan Kiringoda MD Head and Neck Surgery
Assistant Professor Resident Physician Louisiana State University
Department of Radiology Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Health Science Center Shreveport
New York University, School of Medicine University of California, San Francisco Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
New York, New York, USA San Francisco, California, USA
Michael J McKenna MD
Marlan R Hansen MD FACS Ilkka Kivekäs MD PhD Director
Professor Assistant Professor in Otolaryngology Division of Otology and Neurotology
Departments of Otolaryngology— Tampere University Hospital and Massachusetts Eye and Ear
Head and Neck Surgery and the University of Tampere Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Tampere, Finland
Iowa City, Iowa, USA Sean O McMenomey MD
Janet Koehnke PhD Professor of Otolaryngology and
Mary J Hawkshaw BSN RN CORLN Professor and Chair Neurosurgery—Vice Chair
Research Associate Professor Department of Communication Department of Otolaryngology
Department of Otolaryngology Sciences and Disorders New York University
Drexel College of Medicine Montclair State University Langone Medical Center
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Montclair, New Jersey, USA New York, New York, USA
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Contributors vii
Cliff A Megerian MD FACS John S Oghalai MD David A Schessel PhD MD
Julius W McCall Associate Professor Associate Professor
Professor and Chairman Department of Otolaryngology— Department of Surgery
Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Head and Neck Surgery Stony Brook University
Case Western Reserve University Stanford University Stony Brook, New York, USA
School of Medicine Stanford, California, USA
Richard W and Patricia R Marc S Schwartz MD
Pogue Endowed Chair Steven R Otto Neurological Surgery
Director Ear, Nose and Throat Institute Chief Audiologist and Coordinator House Ear Clinic
University Hospitals Case Medical Center Auditory Brainstem Implant Los Angeles, California, USA
Cleveland, Ohio, USA Program House Clinic
Los Angeles, California, USA Samuel H Selesnick MD FACS
Myles Melton Professor and Vice-Chairman
Medical Student Lorne S Parnes MD FRCSC Department of Otolaryngology—
Weill Cornell Medical College Professor Head and Neck Surgery
New York, New York, USA Departments of Otolaryngology— Weill Cornell Medical College
Head and Neck Surgery and
New York, New York, USA
Ted A Meyer MD PhD Clinical Neurological Sciences
Associate Professor Western University Maroun T Semaan MD
Department of Otolaryngology— London, Ontario, Canada
Associate Professor
Head and Neck Surgery
Ear Nose and Throat Institute
Medical University of South Carolina Dennis Poe MD PhD
University Hospitals
Charleston, South Carolina, USA Associate Professor in Otolaryngology
Case Medical Center
Boston Children’s Hospital
Case Western Reserve University
Alan G Micco MD FACS Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Associate Professor
Department of Otolaryngology Alicia M Quesnel MD
J Caleb Simmons MD
Northwestern University Instructor
Baylor College of Medicine
Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Otology and Laryngology
Houston, Texas, USA
Chicago, Illinois, USA Harvard Medical School
Attending Surgeon
Eric E Smouha MD
Faith M Mogila ScD Department of Otolaryngology
Associate Professor
Clinical Preceptor Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
Department of Otolaryngology—
Department of Communication Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Head and Neck Surgery
Sciences and Disorders
Icahn School of Medicine at
Montclair State University Habib Rizk MD
Mount Sinai
Montclair, New Jersey, USA Neurotology Fellow
New York, New York, USA
Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
Joseph J Montano EdD Medical University of South Carolina
Associate Professor of Audiology Charleston, South Carolina, USA Jaclyn B Spitzer PhD
Professor
Department of Otolaryngology
Weill Cornell Medical College Amy L Rutt DO Department of Otolaryngology—
New York, New York, USA Assistant Professor Head and Neck Surgery
Department of Otolaryngology— Columbia University
Marc-Elie Nader MD Head and Neck Surgery New York, New York, USA
Assistant Professor Mayo Clinic
Department of Otolaryngology Rochester, Minnesota, USA Shawn M Stevens MD
University of Montreal Resident Surgeon
Montreal, Quebec, Canada Robert T Sataloff MD Department of Otolaryngology—
Professor and Chairman Head and Neck Surgery
John K Niparko MD Department of Otolaryngology— Medical University of
Professor and Chair Head and Neck Surgery South Carolina
Department of Otolaryngology— Senior Associate Charleston, South Carolina, USA
Head and Neck Surgery Dean for Clinical
Keck School of Medicine of Academic Specialties Emily Z Stucken MD
University of Southern California Drexel University College of Medicine Michigan Ear Institute
Los Angeles, California, USA Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Farmington, Hills, Michigan, USA
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viii Otology/Neurotology/Skull Base Surgery
Daniel Q Sun MD Andrea Vambutas MD FACS Brent Wilkerson MD
Radiation Oncology Healthcare Professor of Otolaryngology and Resident
Towson, Maryland, USA Molecular Medicine Department of Otolaryngology
Hofstra North Shore— University of California
Maja Svrakic MD LIJ School of Medicine Davis Health System
Bellevue Hospital—Otolaryngology New Hyde Park, New York, USA Sacramento, California, USA
New York, New York, USA
Alejandro Vázquez MD Eric P Wilkinson MD
Alex D Sweeney MD Resident Surgeon and Partner, House Clinic
Department of Otolaryngology— Department of Otolaryngology— Los Angeles, California, USA
Head and Neck Surgery Head and Neck Surgery
Vanderbilt University Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Robert A Williamson MD
Nashville, Tennessee, USA Newark, New Jersey, USA Assistant Professor of Otolaryngology—
Head and Neck Surgery
Monica Tadros MD FACS Jeffrey T Vrabec MD Baylor College of Medicine
Assistant Professor of Otolaryngology— Professor of Otolaryngology— Houston, Texas, USA
Head and Neck Surgery Head and Neck Surgery
Director of Facial Plastic and Baylor College of Medicine Justin D Wilson AuD
Reconstructive Surgery Houston, Texas, USA Mayo Clinic Health System
Columbia University Medical Center LaCrosse, Wisconsin, USA
New York, New York, USA Cameron C Wick MD
Resident Qiu Zhong MD
Elizabeth H Toh MD FACS Department of Otolaryngology— Resident
Department of Otolaryngology— Head and Neck Surgery Department of Otolaryngology
Head and Neck Surgery Case Western Reserve University Northwestern University
Lahey Hospital and Medical Center School of Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine
Burlington, Massachusetts, USA Cleveland, Ohio, USA Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Foreword
Sataloff’s Comprehensive Textbook of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery is a component of the most extensive
compilation of information in otolaryngology—head and neck surgery to date. The six volumes of the comprehensive
textbook are part of a 12-volume, encyclopedic compendium that also includes a six-volume set of detailed, extensively
illustrated atlases of otolaryngologic surgical techniques. The vision for the Comprehensive Textbook was realized with
the invaluable, expert collaboration of eight world-class volume editors. Chapter authors include many of the most
prominent otolaryngologists in the world, and coverage of each subspecialty is extensive, detailed and scholarly.
Anil K Lalwani, MD edited the volume on otology/neurotology/skull base surgery. Like all six of the volumes in
the Comprehensive Textbook, the otology/neurotology/skull base surgery volume is designed not only as part of the
multivolume book, but also to stand alone or in combination with the atlas of otological surgery. Dr Lalwani’s volume
covers anatomy and physiology of hearing and balance, temporal bone radiology, medical and surgical treatment of
common and rare disorders of the ear and related structures, occupational hearing loss, aural rehabilitation, cochlear
and brainstem implantation, disorders of the facial nerve, and other topics. Each chapter is not only replete with the
latest scientific information, but also accessible and practical for clinicians.
The rhinology/allergy and immunology volume by Marvin P Fried and Abtin Tabaee is the most elegant and
inclusive book on the topic to date. Drs Fried and Tabaee start with a history of rhinology beginning in ancient times.
The chapters on evolution of the nose and sinuses, embryology, sinonasal anatomy and physiology, and rhinological
assessment are exceptional. The volume includes discussions of virtually all sinonasal disorders and allergy, including
not only traditional medical and surgical therapy but also complementary and integrative medicine. The information is
state-of-the-art.
Anthony P Sclafani’s volume on facial plastic and reconstructive surgery is unique in its thoroughness and
practicality. The volume covers skin anatomy and physiology, principles of wound healing, physiology of grafts and
flaps, lasers in facial plastic surgery, aesthetic analysis of the face and other basic topics. There are extensive discussions
on essentially all problems and procedures in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery contributed by many of the most
respected experts in the field. The volume includes not only cosmetic and reconstructive surgery, but also information
on diagnosis and treatment of facial trauma.
The volume on laryngology edited by Dr Michael S Benninger incorporates the most current information on
virtually every aspect of laryngology. The authors constitute a who’s who of world experts in voice and swallowing. After
extensive and practical discussions of science and genetics, the volume reviews diagnosis and treatment (traditional
and complementary) of laryngological disorders. Chapters on laser physics and use, voice therapy, laryngeal dystonia,
cough, vocal aging and many other topics provide invaluable “pearls” for clinicians. The volume also includes extensive
discussion of surgery for airway disorders, office-based laryngeal surgery, laryngeal transplantation and other topics.
For the volume on head and neck surgery, Drs Patrick J Gullane and David P Goldstein have recruited an extra-
ordinary group of contributors who have compiled the latest information on molecular biology of head and neck cancer,
principles of radiation, immunobiology, medical oncology, common and rare head and neck malignancies, endocrine
neoplasms, lymphoma, deep neck space infections and other maladies. The surgical discussions are thorough and richly
illustrated, and they include definitive discussions of free flap surgery, facial transplantation and other subjects.
Dr Christopher J Hartnick’s vision for the volume on pediatric otolaryngology was expansive, elegantly scholarly
and invaluable clinically. The volume begins with information on embryology, anatomy, genetics, syndromes and other
complex topics. Dr Hartnick’s contributors include basic discussions of otolaryngologic examination in a pediatric
patient, imaging, hearing screening and aural rehabilitation, and diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ear, nose,
larynx, oral cavity, neck and airway. Congenital, syndromic and acquired disorders are covered in detail, as are special,
particularly vexing problems such as chronic cough in pediatric patients, breathing and obstructive sleep apnea in
children, pediatric voice disorders, and many other subjects. This volume will be invaluable to any otolaryngologist who
treats children.
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