Table Of ContentOther MiddleAges
Michael Goodich - 9780812292312
Downloaded from De Gruyter Online at 09/20/2016 07:24:43PM
via free access
THE MIDDLE AGES SERIES
RuthMazoKarras,GeneralEditor
EdwardPeters,FoundingEditor
Acompletelistofbooksintheseries
isavailablefromthepublisher.
Michael Goodich - 9780812292312
Downloaded from De Gruyter Online at 09/20/2016 07:24:43PM
via free access
Other Middle Ages
Witnesses at the
Margins ofMedieval Society
Edited by Michael Goodich
PENN
UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress
Philadelphia
Michael Goodich - 9780812292312
Downloaded from De Gruyter Online at 09/20/2016 07:24:43PM
via free access
Copyright©1998UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress
Allrightsreserved
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I
Publishedby
UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress
Philadelphia,Pennsylvania19I04-40II
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
OtherMiddleAges:witnessesatthemarginsofmedievalsociety/
editedbyMichaelGoodich.
p. cm. - (TheMiddleAgesseries)
Includesbibliographicalreferences (p. )andindex.
ISBN0-8122-3448-0 (hardcover:acid-freepaper). - ISBN
0-8122-1654-7(pbk.:acid-freepaper)
I.Socialhistory- Medieval,500-I500- Sources. 2.Marginality,
Social-Europe- History- Sources. 3.Marginality,Social,in
literature. I.Goodich,Michael,1944- . II.Series.
HNI1.087 1998
306'.09'02- dC21 98-13308
CIP
Michael Goodich - 9780812292312
Downloaded from De Gruyter Online at 09/20/2016 07:24:43PM
via free access
TotheMemoryof
William Goodich (19I I - 1996),
afighterforjustice
Michael Goodich - 9780812292312
Downloaded from De Gruyter Online at 09/20/2016 07:24:43PM
via free access
Michael Goodich - 9780812292312
Downloaded from De Gruyter Online at 09/20/2016 07:24:43PM
via free access
Contents
Introduction I
I.TheJews: FromToleratedMinoritytoPersecutedFoe 19
CaesariusofHeisterbach (ca. 1225) andThomasofCantimpre 26
(ca. 1263) onCatherineofLouvain
MeirbenIsaac,Purim (1236) 32
RabbiJudahbenYehielAsheriofToledo (d. 1349),Testament 33
BaruchtheGermanofLanguedoc (1320) 39
AnonymousDiscipleofAbrahamAbulafia,ShaareiTzedek 52
(TheGatesofJustice) (ca. 1290/95)
II.ApostatesandConverts 61
ObadiahtheConvert (ca. 1100),Epistle 68
HermannofScheda (ca. 1107-70),Opusculumdeconversionesua 74
Sa'idibnHasanofAlexandria,Masalikal-Na~ar (TheWaysof 87
Understanding) (1298)
RamonLlull,Devitasua (13I I / 12) 89
III. SexualNonconformistsandtheFiresofLust 104
RobertofFlamborough,Liberpoenitentialis (1210/13) 112
MunicipalLegislationofPisa (1286) andBologna (1288) 115
ArnaudofVerniolle (1323/24) 117
GerardCagnoli (d. 1342) andtheExorcismofLust 143
BridgetofSweden (d. 1371) 144
ThirdLateranDecreeonLepers (I179) 145
HumbertofRomans,TotheLeprous 146
Michael Goodich - 9780812292312
Downloaded from De Gruyter Online at 09/20/2016 07:25:27PM
via free access
viii Contents
IV:VictimsoftheDevil:ThePossessed,theEcstatics, ISO
andtheSuicidal
OtlohofSt.Emmeram (10Io-after1067),Liberde 159
tentationibussuis
ChristinaofStommeln,Epistolae (1272) 164
PopeCelestineV (I212?-96),Autobiografia 168
GiacomuccioFatteboni (1325) 180
YvesofPenguennan (1330),FollowerofYvesofTreguier 185
(d. 1303)
~ ChristianHeterodoxy 188
PeterWaldo,ProfessionofFaith (1181/82) 192
StatutesAgainstHeresy (1229) 195
ArnaudadaLamothaofMontauban (1244) 198
BeatriceofPlanisolles (1320) 201
FlordebellinaofMilanandOthers (1300),Disciples 215
ofGuglielma
Thomassa (1318),DiscipleofClareofMontefalco 217
VI. InsidersandOutsiders: LiminalityandIntegration 221
TheOrdersofPenanceatBologna (1244) and 226
Bergamo (1265)
FilippadiLeonardodiGislerio (1254),Discipleof 229
ClareofAssisi
SalimbenedeAdam (d.ca. 1287),Cronica 235
JoanofMarden (1307),FollowerofBishopThomas 242
ofHereford
ThomasdeMathia,CanonofSalerno (1319),Discipleof 245
ThomasAquinas
BerardoAppillaterre,NotaryofTolentino (1325) 249
SelectedBibliography 255
Index 257
Michael Goodich - 9780812292312
Downloaded from De Gruyter Online at 09/20/2016 07:25:27PM
via free access
Introduction
Theaimofthisvolumeistoprovideavoicetothosepersonsandgroupsin
medievalsocietywhohaveoftenbeenignoredintraditionalsourcebooksof
medievalhistory.Inthepast,economic,institutional,andecclesiasticalhis
tory had largely been presented through documents and literary sources
producedbytheofficialagentsofchurchandstateandreflectedtheideol
ogyofthedominantclasses,thatis,theclergyandnobility. Charters,papal
bulls, conciliardecisions, philosophicaltracts, androyallawcodes, for ex
ample,haveremainedthefocusofmostsourcecollections,andthoseinter
ested in the lives, aspirations, and problems ofthe unlettered classes and
members ofminority groups have often had to be satisfied with sources
producedbyothersorturntoworksdevotedexclusivelytosuchgroupsas
the Jews, heretics, orwomen. All the texts included in this volume, how
ever, dealwithpersons excluded, eitherpermanentlyortemporarily, from
fullparticipationincivilsociety,andanefforthasbeenmadetoincludema
terialthatwasprobablywrittenorattestedtobysuchpersonsthemselves.
Thisbookhasbeendividedintochaptersdealingwith: (I) theJewish
community; (2) apostates and converts; (3) sexual nonconformists; (4)
victimsoftheDevil; (5) Christianheretics;and (6) theliminalandtempo
rarily marginalized. Each chapter is introduced by a brief essay on the
particular group involved. Although most ofthese texts were written for
spiritualreasons,thereisneverthelessmuchconcerningthemoremundane
affairsofdailylife.
Aclosereadingofthesetextswillallowthereadertoexperiencevicari
0uscontactwithmedievalpeople.Thelivesofpersonsdrawnfromavariety
ofbackgroundscomeintorelief.Amongthespeakersarethedaughterofa
sheriff(JoanofMarden),aJewishmerchant (BaruchofLanguedoc),anda
notary (Berardo Appillaterre). Such themes as child rearing, social life,
economic difficulties, sexuality, family life, dreams, emotional instability,
andgenderrelationsappearinthesesources.TestimonyconcerningGiaco
muccioFatteboniofBelforte,forexample,describesthereactionsofvillage
folktohisattemptedsuicide.Therecollectionsofaresidentofavillagenear
Hereford,JoanofMarden,recountingherresuscitationafterdrowningina
Michael Goodich - 9780812292312
Downloaded from De Gruyter Online at 09/26/2016 10:31:22AM
via Cambridge University Library
2 Introduction
localponddealswithcontemporaryperceptionsofspaceanddistance,fam
ily structure, affectional ties, and popular medical knowledge. The testi
monyofBaruchtheGermanofLanguedoc(foundinanInquisitorialproto
col),forciblyconvertedtoChristianityunderpressurefromthePastoureaux
in1320,shedslightonthecomplextiesbindingJewandChristian.Arnaud
ofVerniolle'strialrecord,drawnfromthesamesource,representsaunique
reportofhomosexualrelationsonthefringesofsocietyinsouthernFrance.
ItpresentsafarmoretexturedpictureofsexualityintheMiddleAgesthan
one finds in more conventional historical sources, such as chronicles, ser
monsandmoraltreatises.
MarginalityinMedievalSociety
Thesepersonssufferedcertainliabilitiesthatidentifiedthemasmembersof
a "marginal" group living on the geographical or legal peripheries ofso
ciety. Bronislaw Geremek has noted that marginal persons or groups are
primarilyknown to us on the basis ofjudicial records, in which they are
condemned bythe authorities and by public opinion for their manner of
living orconduct.l In some cases, marginalitycould be afunction ofper
sonality. Those identified as "out of their minds" or "possessed by the
Devil~'forexample,probablysufferedfromsomekindofmentalillnessthat
ledtotheirconfinementandphysicalseparationfromthecommunity.Oth
ers, such as Jews, heretics, orprostitutes, whose beliefs orways oflife did
notconformtosocietalnormsweremarginalizedasaconsequenceoftheir
social situation. Such persons tended to live in a permanent position of
socialexclusion,burdenedwithaseriesoflegalliabilities.
Athirdgroupofpersonsexperiencedtemporarymarginalizationdur
ingaperiodofliminaltransitionfromoneconditiontoanother.Typically,
afteranearlyperiodofisolationandhostility, theysoughtofficialrecogni
tionfrom ecclesiastical authorities who mightconfirmtheirwayoflife in
theframeworkofanewreligious orderunderthecontrollingauthorityof
the church. PeterofMurrone, for example,laterelectedPope Celestine~
was a hermit who had dwelt in rural isolation in the Abruzzi before his
orderwasgrantedrecognition.RamonLlull,afterabandoninghiswifeand
children andthe life ofthe Majorcan court, spentsome time as ahermit,
composed philosophical tracts, and eventually sought papal approval for
I. BronislawGeremek, "TheMarginalMan:' in TheMedieval World, ed. Jacques Le
Goff,trans.LydiaCochrane(London:CollinsandBrown,1990),347-73.
Michael Goodich - 9780812292312
Downloaded from De Gruyter Online at 09/26/2016 10:31:22AM
via Cambridge University Library
Description:Seldom heard from in modern times, those on the margins of Medieval Europe have much to tell us about the society that defined them. More than just a fascinating cast of characters, the visionaries and sexual dissidents, the suicidal and psychologically unbalanced, the lepers and converts of Medieva