Orthopedic Traumatology

432 Pages·2018·9.178 MB·English

by  Manish K. Sethi, William T. Obremskey, A. Alex Jahangir

Orthopedic
Traumatology
An Evidence-Based Approach
Second Edition
Manish K. Sethi
William T. Obremskey
A. Alex Jahangir
Editors
123
Orthopedic Traumatology
Manish K. Sethi • William T. Obremskey
A. Alex Jahangir
Editors
Thomas J. Iorio • Michelle S. Shen
Basem Attum
Associate Editors
Orthopedic
Traumatology
An Evidence-Based Approach
Second Edition
Editors
Manish K. Sethi, MD William T. Obremskey, MD, MPH, MMHC
Department of Orthopedics Department of Orthopedics
Vanderbilt University Medical Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, TN, USA Nashville, TN, USA
A. Alex Jahangir, MD, MMHC
Department of Orthopedics
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, TN, USA
Associate Editors
Thomas J. Iorio, BS Michelle S. Shen, BA
Department of Orthopedic Surgery Department of Orthopedic Surgery
and Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation
Vanderbilt University Medical Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, TN, USA Nashville, TN, USA
Basem Attum, MD, MS
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
and Rehabilitation
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, TN, USA
Section Editors
Mohit Bhandari, MD, PhD, FRCSC Mitchel B. Harris, MD, FACS
Division of Orthopedic Surgery Department of Orthopedic Surgery
McMaster University Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Hamilton, ON, Canada Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA, USA
Michael David McKee, MD, FRCS(C)
Division of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery Cory A. Collinge, MD
St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto Department of Orthopedic Surgery
Toronto, ON, Canada and Rehabilitation
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Paul Tornetta III, MD
Nashville, TN, USA
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
Boston Medical Center Roy Sanders, MD
Boston, MA, USA University of South Florida
Department of Orthopedics
Andrew H. Schmidt, MD
Florida Orthopedic Institute
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
Tampa General Hospital
Hennepin County Medical Center
Journal of Orthopedic Trauma
Department of Orthopedic Surgery Tampa, FL, USA
Unviersity of Minnesota
Minneapolis, MN, USA
ISBN 978-3-319-73391-3 ISBN 978-3-319-73392-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73392-0
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018932331
© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2013, 2018
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or
part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of
illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way,
and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software,
or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are
exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in
this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor
the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material
contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains
neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Printed on acid-free paper
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing
AG part of Springer Nature.
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Foreword
When I wrote the foreword to the first edition of Orthopedic Traumatology:
An Evidence-Based Approach in late 2011, I emphasized the progress in the
orthopedic trauma community toward using, on a routine basis, the highest
levels of evidence on which to base treatment decisions. The first edition of
Orthopedic Traumatology has proven to fulfill that need as our community
moves away from expert opinion in the form of standard textbook writing and
toward aggregation of the highest levels of evidence. Not everything in ortho-
pedic trauma surgery is able to be studied with randomized trials, as many
injuries are of low incidence such that well-done cohort studies are going to
be the highest level of evidence available on which to base our treatment deci-
sions in the long run. However, the editors of the first edition – Drs. Sethi,
Jahangir, and Obremskey – and the chapter authors provided the roadmap of
level 1 and level 2 evidence for the most common conditions in orthopedic
traumatology. This approach has proven to be extremely useful, with over
17,000 downloads of this compilation.
In this second edition, the editors – now Drs. Sethi, Obremskey, and
Jahangir – decided to add chapters on four new conditions that are relatively
common. This includes chapters on elbow fracture dislocation, hip-pelvis-
femoral neck fracture combination in younger patients, mid-foot fractures,
and acute infection. These chapters all represent useful additions to the com-
pendium. All chapter authors have performed extensive and broad-reaching
literature reviews to identify any high-level evidence that has been published
since the first edition.
The result is a book which is very useful for teaching and, more impor-
tantly, for making individual treatment decisions and for developing proto-
cols for use in trauma centers. These highly committed and compulsive
editors and authors have done a yeoman’s work in providing these collections
of the highest level of evidence. I recommend this second edition with great
enthusiasm, as it is the continued fulfillment of our migration toward
evidence-b ased orthopedic trauma surgery for patient care.
Minneapolis, MN, USA Marc Swiontkowski
v
Preface
As medicine makes a transition from volume to value, the need for evidence-
based practice is of even greater importance. We undertook the process of
creating this book to help residents, fellows, and practicing orthopedic sur-
geons understand the principles on which medical decisions are made and to
provide them with a reference that explains the data and thought processes of
leaders in orthopedic trauma patient care. Many “HOW” books are available
on surgical technique. This book was designed and intended to be a “WHY”
book that would help clinicians understand and make evidence-based deci-
sions on patient care.
We thank our many chapter authors – who are thought leaders and excel-
lent clinicians – for their astute evaluation of the literature and clear commu-
nication of treatment options.
The response and distribution of the first edition of this evidence-based
book were so great that we felt compelled to provide a second edition. We
hope this second edition continues the work started by the first edition to
improve the knowledge depth of clinicians and the quality of care for patients.
Nashville, TN, USA Manish K. Sethi, MD
William T. Obremskey, MD, MMHC, MPH
A. Alex Jahangir, MD, MMHC
vii
Contents
Part I Evidence-Based Medicine in Orthopedic Trauma Surgery
Mohit Bhandari
1 Introduction to Evidence-Based Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Clary J. Foote, Mark Phillips, and Mohit Bhandari
Part II Spine Trauma
Mitchel B. Harris
2 Cervical Spine Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Daniel G. Tobert and Mitchel B. Harris
3 Cervical Spine Fracture- Dislocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Kevin R. O’Neill, Michelle S. Shen, Jesse E. Bible,
and Clinton J. Devin
4 Lumbar Burst Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Daniel G. Tobert and Mitchel B. Harris
Part III Upper Extremity Trauma
Michael David McKee
5 Scapula Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Peter A. Cole and Lisa K. Schroder
6 Clavicle Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Brian L. Seeto and Michael David McKee
7 Proximal Humerus Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Erik A. Lund and Paul S. Whiting
8 Humeral Shaft Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Basem Attum, Diana G. Douleh, William T. Obremskey, Bill
Ristevski, and Jeremy A. Hall
9 Distal Humerus Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Lee M. Reichel, Andrew Jawa, and David Ring
ix
x Contents
10 Elbow Fracture Dislocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Chad M. Corrigan, Clay A. Spitler, and Basem Attum
11 Distal Radius Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Cameron T. Atkinson, Michelle S. Shen, Samuel A. Trenner,
Philipp N. Streubel, and Jeffry T. Watson
Part IV Acetabular, Hip, and Pelvic Trauma
Cory A. Collinge
12 Acetabular Fractures in the Elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
John C. Weinlein, Edward A. Perez, Matthew I. Rudloff,
and James L. Guyton
13 Pelvic Ring Injury I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Rita E. Baumgartner, Damien G. Billow, and Steven A. Olson
14 Pelvic Ring Injury II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Matthew D. Karam, Adam Keith Lee, and David C.
Templeman
15 Femoral Neck Fractures in the Elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
David Polga and Robert T. Trousdale
16 Intertrochanteric Femur Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Hassan R. Mir
17 Femoral Neck Fractures in the Young Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Cory A. Collinge
Part V Lower Extremity Trauma
Paul Tornetta III
18 Diaphyseal Femur Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Paul S. Whiting, Obioma V. Amajoyi, and Manish K. Sethi
19 Distal Femur Fractures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
William M. Ricci, A. Alex Jahangir, and Christopher D. Parks
20 Knee Dislocations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Mahesh Kumar Yarlagadda, Frank R. Avilucea,
Samuel Neil Crosby Jr, Manish K. Sethi,
and William T. Obremskey
21 Tibial Plateau Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Jodi Siegel and Paul Tornetta III
22 Closed Diaphyseal Tibia Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Michel A. Taylor, Marlis T. Sabo, and David W. Sanders
23 Open Diaphyseal Tibia Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Scott P. Ryan, Christina L. Boulton, and Robert V. O’Toole
Contents xi
Part VI Foot and Ankle Trauma
Roy Sanders
24 Pilon Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Basem Attum, Vamshi Gajari, David P. Barei,
and A. Alex Jahangir
25 Trimalleolar Ankle Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Conor Kleweno and Edward K. Rodriguez
26 Calcaneus Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Richard Buckley and Theodoros H. Tosounidis
27 Talus Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Hassan R. Mir and Roy Sanders
28 Lisfranc Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
Basem Attum, Moses Adebayo, and A. Alex Jahangir
Part VII Polytrauma, Infection, and Perioperative Management
of the Orthopedic Trauma Patient
Andrew H. Schmidt
29 Timing of Treatment in the Multiply Injured Patient . . . . . . . . 367
Kevin D. Phelps, Laurence B. Kempton, and Michael J. Bosse
30 DVT Prophylaxis in Orthopedic Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Keith D. Baldwin, Surena Namdari, Jeffrey Zhao,
and Samir Mehta
31 The Infected Tibial Nail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Megan A. Brady, Seth A. Cooper, and Brendan M. Patterson
32 Perioperative Optimization in Orthopedic Trauma . . . . . . . . . 405
Jesse M. Ehrenfeld and Michael C. Lubrano
33 Management of Acute Postoperative Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Frank R. Avilucea
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Contributors
Moses Adebayo, MD Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Howard
University, Washington, DC, USA
Obioma V. Amajoyi, MD Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Wisconsin Hospital and
Clinics, Madison, WI, USA
Cameron T. Atkinson, MD Arlington Orthopedic Associates, Arlington,
TX, USA
Basem Attum, MD, MS Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
Frank R. Avilucea, MD Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of
Orthopedic Trauma, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati,
OH, USA
Keith D. Baldwin, MD Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of
Orthopedics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
David P. Barei, MD, FRCSC Harborview Medical Center, University of
Washington, Department of Orthopedics, Seattle, WA, USA
Rita E. Baumgartner, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke
University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
Mohit Bhandari, MD, PhD, FRCSC Division of Orthopedic Surgery,
McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Jesse E. Bible, MD, MHS Department of Orthopedics, Penn State Milton
S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
Damien G. Billow, MD Department of Orthopedics, Cleveland Clinic,
Cleveland, OH, USA
Michael J. Bosse, MD Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Carolinas
Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
Christina L. Boulton, MD Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University
of Arizona – Banner University Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
Megan A. Brady, MD Iowa Methodist Medical Center, Des Moines
Orthopedic Surgeons, West Des Moines, IA, USA
xiii