Table Of Content21 ERFURTER STUDIEN
In 2018/19, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople initiated the estab- 21 ZUR KULTURGESCHICHTE
lishment of an autocephalous (independent) Orthodox Church in Ukraine. This e
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process was met with harsh criticism by the Russian Orthodox Church and ai DES ORTHODOXEN CHRISTENTUMS
eventually led to a split in the entire Orthodox world. The contributions to kr
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this volume examine this conflict and discuss the underlying causes for it in n
a broader perspective. They deal with several aspects of Orthodox theology, t i
history, church life and culture, and show the existence of a serious rift in the c
broader Orthodox world. This became visible most recently in the conflict nfli
over the Ukrainian Church autocephaly, yet it has a longer, and more complex o
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e Thomas Bremer / Alfons Brüning /
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Thomas Bremer teaches Ecumenical Theology and Eastern Christian Studies o
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at the Department of Catholic Theology, University of Münster, Germany. His n Nadieszda Kizenko (eds.)
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research interests include Orthodoxy in Ukraine, in Russia, and in the Balkans, z
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interchurch relations, and the role of Churches in conflict situations. N. Orthodoxy in
Alfons Brüning is a historian and scholar of religion, and is the director of /
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the Institute for Eastern Christian Studies, Radboud University Nijmegen, The n
Netherlands. His expertise covers the religious history of Eastern Europe, ni Two Manifestations?
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confessionalism, nationalism, and modern social teaching of Orthodox r
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Christianity. A.
Nadieszda Kizenko is Professor of History and Director of Religious Studies r / The Conflict in Ukraine as Expression
at the State University of New York (Albany, USA). Her research focuses e
m of a Fault Line in World Orthodoxy
on Orthodox Church history in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, with special
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interests in confession, hagiography, and liturgy. Br
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ISBN 978-3-631-88699-1
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ESKO_21_288699_Bremer_et_al_ME_HCA5 152x214 globaL.indd Benutzerdefiniert H 05.09.22 13:20
Orthodoxy in Two Manifestations?
ERFURTER STUDIEN ZUR KULTURGESCHICHTE
DES ORTHODOXEN CHRISTENTUMS
Herausgegeben von / Edited by Vasilios N. Makrides
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Thomas Bremer / Alfons Brüning /
Nadieszda Kizenko (eds.)
Orthodoxy in Two Manifestations?
The Conflict in Ukraine as Expression
of a Fault Line in World Orthodoxy
Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
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Cover image: Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv, Ukraine
(Source: © Rbrechko, CC BY-SA 4.0,
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
ISSN 1612-152X
ISBN 978-3-631-88699-1 (Print)
E-ISBN 978-3-631-88713-4 (E-PDF)
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DOI 10.3726/b20057
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Table of Contents
Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ 7
Preface ................................................................................................................... 9
Thomas Bremer, Alfons Brüning, Nadieszda Kizenko
Introduction: Orthodoxy in Two Manifestations? The Conflict in Ukraine
as Expression of a Fault Line in World Orthodoxy ............................................ 11
I. Orthodoxy: Global and Local
John H. Erickson
Territorial Organization of the Orthodox Church: Historical
and Canonical Background to a Current Crisis ................................................... 23
Vera Tchentsova
The Patriarchal and Synodal Act of 1686 in Historiographical Perspective ...... 45
II. Conceptualizations
Heta Hurskainen
The Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church and the Social Ethos
of the Ecumenical Patriarchate: A Comparison of Central Aspects ................... 73
Regina Elsner
Toward an Orthodox Social Ethos? Socio-Ethical Negotiations
in Ukrainian Orthodoxy ...................................................................................... 97
Kathy Rousselet
The Russian Orthodox Church and the Russkii Mir ......................................... 121
Alfons Brüning
“Kyivan Christianity” and the “Churches of the Kyivan Tradition”:
Concepts of Distinctiveness of Christianity in Ukraine
before and after 2019 ......................................................................................... 145
III. Ecclesiological Issues
Nicholas Denysenko
Conciliarity in Ukrainian Orthodoxy ................................................................ 173
6 Table of Contents
Ioan Moga
Synodality as Syncephaly? A Plea for a Pastoral-Participative Renewal
of the Pan-Orthodox Practice of Synodality ..................................................... 193
Evgeny Pilipenko
The Idea of “Unity” in Orthodoxy .................................................................... 209
Nadieszda Kizenko
Contemporary Liturgical Practices in the UOC and OCU
and their Implications ....................................................................................... 237
Sergii Bortnyk
Church and Exclusivism in Ukrainian Orthodoxy ............................................ 259
Lidiya Lozova and Tetiana Kalenychenko
The Role of the Laity: Some Observations from Inside ................................... 287
Pavlo Smytsnyuk
The New Orthodox Church in Ukraine: Ecumenical Aspects and Problems ... 303
Thomas Bremer
New Approaches in Ecclesiology? Reflections Induced by
the Ukrainian Crisis ........................................................................................... 333
IV. Church, State and Society
Elena A. Stepanova
The Place of the Church in Society: Provider of a Moral Code? ...................... 353
Aristotle Papanikolaou
The Ascetical as the Civic: Civil Society as Political Communion .................. 379
Nathaniel Wood
Church and State in Orthodox Christianity: Two Versions of Symphonia ....... 397
Adalberto Mainardi
Afterword .......................................................................................................... 419
List of Contributors ........................................................................................... 425
Abbreviations
AUOCC (All-)Ukrainian Orthodox Church Commi(cid:87)tee
CEC Conference of European Churches
EP Ecumenical Patriarchate (Constantinople)
KP Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyivan Patriarchate
MP Moscow Patriarchate
OCU Orthodox Church of Ukraine
ROC Russian Orthodox Church
SC Bases of the Social Concept (Russian Orthodox Church)
SE “For the Life of the World” – Towards a Social Ethos of the Orthodox
Church
UAOC Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church
UCCRO (All-)Ukrainian Council of Churches and Religious Organizations
UGCC Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
UOC Ukrainian Orthodox Church
UOC-KP Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyivan Patriarchate (or KP)
UOC-MP Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Moscow Patriarchate (or UOC)
UOCC Ukrainian Orthodox Church in Canada
WCF World Congress of Families
WCC World Council of Churches
Preface
The manuscript of this volume was finalized in November 2021; formatting of the
text was finished in January 2022.
The articles included in this book were conceived in an academic context and
atmosphere in the best sense, where the analysis of concepts, together with efforts
to understand, and possibly reconcile, various viewpoints and approaches is ul-
timately supposed to contribute to the bridging of gaps and elimination of preju-
dices. Our Ukrainian colleagues readily joined us in this effort.
The war launched on Ukraine by the Russian Federation on February 24,
2022, has brought cardinal changes to the original context and atmosphere. The
voices of some Orthodox leaders have tried to justify this war, or even to endow
it with pseudo-religious meaning and motives. But this war is simply a crime. A
crime cannot have any hidden or overt religious justification, and there is little, if
any, possibility for dialogue, academic or otherwise, between scholars of Chris-
tianity committed to peace and those misusing Christian teaching for the justifi-
cation of an aggressive war, which violates all standards of international law es-
tablished for decades.
Here too, then, is new a fault line in Orthodoxy, which already has been no-
ticed with concern. The war, and its repercussions among the churches, will dis-
play, and already have displayed, their effects in world Orthodoxy.
The fault line addressed in our volume is another one. There can be, and
hopefully will be in new circumstances, a dialogue between adherents of different
theological or historiographical concepts of whatever label and categorization, be
that “liberal,” “traditional,” “conservative,” or something else. This dialogue can
take place once it is clear that it is supposed to happen on the ground of shared
basic ethics and scholarly convictions and principles. Among the most important
of them are mutual respect and the condemnation of violence.
At this moment, we can only hope that the articles in this volume retain their
value for future encounters and exchange of thoughts, in a safe, recovered, and
flourishing Ukraine, and beyond.
The idea for this book arose shortly before summer 2020. We would like to
express our gratitude to all our authors for reacting promptly to our requests, for
submitting their excellent contributions, and keeping the occasionally short-term
deadlines.
We also must express our thanks to the student assistants of the Ecumenical
Institute, University of Münster, and to Dr. Sebastian Rimestad, Weimar, for their
valuable help with the formal corrections and the formatting of the manuscript.
