Table Of ContentOr anizin
g g
European
Space
Christer Jonsson, Sven T6gil and Gunnar Tornqvist
Organizing
European
Space
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Organizing
European
Space
Christer Jonsson, Sven Tagil and Gunnar Tornqvist
SAGE Publications
london • Thousand Oaks • New Delhi
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© Christer Jonsson, Sven Tagil, Gunnar Tornqvist 2000
First published 2000
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Contents
Acknowledgements vii
Introduction 1
1 State of Mind 10
2 Mapping Space 18
3 Historical Space 29
4 The Emergent State 60
5 The Resilient State 80
6 Transcending Space 99
7 Towards an Ever Closer Union? 115
8 Spatial Fragmentation 138
9 Places in Networks 152
10 Towards a New State of Mind 166
Bibliography 191
Index 207
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Acknowledgements
This book represents a truly collective effort. It has grown out of seminars and
a series of meetings over a number of years among the three co-authors around
the theme of the future European political and economic order. Originally the
focus was on a 'Europe of regions', but gradually the scope widened. At the
same time, the original format of seminars with colleagues and graduate
students eventually gave way to a 'trialogue' between the co-authors, where
we compared and critiqued the perspectives of our respective disciplines on
the territorial state and its alternatives. Out of this process of mutual teaching
and learning, the idea of a multidisciplinary book on 'organizing European
space' emerged. As we began drafting chapters, a new series of meetings
was devoted to scrutinizing and rewriting drafts. Thus, even if the original
drafting of individual chapters has been distributed among the co-authors
(and the insightful reader may guess who drafted which chapters), we stand
collectively behind the final product.
The whole process was triggered by a generous grant from the Erik Philip
Sorensen Foundation at Lund University. Without it, we would never have
had the opportunity to take time away from our busy schedules and commit
ments within and outside our respective departments. We are therefore
extremely grateful to the Foundation and to Erik Philip-Sorensen himself,
who has taken a personal interest in our project.
A number of other individuals have been helpful in bringing our project
to fruition. Jasmine Aimaq has translated parts of the manuscript; Tomas Til.gil
has designed the historical maps; Jonas Johansson has assisted in preparing
the references and index; and Lucy Robinson has been an encouraging and
supportive editor. In addition, seminars and discussions with our colleagues
and PhD students have generated valuable ideas and insights for this book.
Rather than producing a long list of names, we express our sincere thanks to
all those who have contributed in different ways to our joint undertaking.
Whatever the weaknesses of our final product, they would have been far
greater without your help.
Christer Jonsson • Sven Tagil • Gunnar Tornqvist
Lund, Sweden
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Introduction
'How many states are there in Europe today?' An academic colleague of ours
likes to pose this question in his lectures. It invariably triggers a certain amount
of confusion and prompts diverse answers. It has proved to be quite a
pedagogical question, insofar as it spurs a discussion of what we mean by
'state' and by 'Europe'. Should the answer be restricted to those entities that
have been recognized as states by all other European states, or include entities
that have proclaimed statehood and have been recognized by some -and, if
so, how many? - other states? And should we count the trans-Caucasian
republics of the former Soviet Union among the European states? What about
Turkey? Where, in short, does Europe begin and end? Moreover, are states
really the most important organizational actors in contemporary Europe?
A deceptively simple question thus opens up some fundamental problems
concerning European space and identity. In this book, we will carry the
question one step further by not restricting it to one organizational entity, the
state. Instead, we are concerned with the various ways in which European
space has been organized in the past and present as well as possible future
developments. Our overarching question thus concerns the different bases for
organizing Europe politically and economically throughout the ages and into
the new millennium.
The cartographers dilemma
Three simultaneous and intertwined processes - which we usually try to
capture with the labels 'globalization', 'European integration' and 'the end of
the Cold War' -have transformed the European political landscape in the
past decade and have added dynamism and uncertainty to the previously
stable political map. The collapse of the Soviet empire resulted in a substantial
number of new states, the destabilization of the Balkans and the dissolution
of established alliance patterns. Intensified integration efforts in Western
Europe have engendered supranational authorities as well as greater regional
autonomy. At the same time, the continued deepening and widening
of European integration, represented by the European Monetary Union (EMU)
and the impending eastern enlargement of the European Union, raise a
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