Organizations: Structures, Processes and Outcomes

327 Pages·2008·2.43 MB·English

by  Pamela S. Tolbert

2
Organizations
3
Organizations
Structures, Processes,
and Outcomes
Tenth Edition

Pamela S. Tolbert
Professor
School of Industrial and Labor Relations
Cornell University
Richard H. Hall
Distinguished Service Professor
University at Albany
State University of New York

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First published 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Published 2016 by Routledge
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711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright © 2009 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other
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Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to
infringe.

Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page
within text.

ISBN: 9780132448406 (pbk)

Cover Design: Margaret Kensalaar

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Hall, Richard H., 1934–
Organizations: structures, processes, and outcomes / Richard
H. Hall, Pamela S. Tolbert.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-244840-6 (alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-13-244840-8 (alk. paper)
1. Organizational sociology. 2. Organizational change. I. Tolbert,
Pamela S. II. Title.
HM786.H35 2009
302.3′5—dc22
2008036753
5
For Sherry and for Steve
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Brief Contents

Preface
Part I Introduction
Chapter 1 Thinking About Organizations
Part II Organizational Structure
Chapter 2 Organizational Structure: Key Dimensions
Chapter 3 Organizational Structure: Explanations
Part III Organizational Processes
Chapter 4 Power and Power Outcomes
Chapter 5 Leadership
Chapter 6 Decision-Making
Chapter 7 Communication
Chapter 8 Managing Organizational Environments: Conceptions of the Environment
Chapter 9 Managing Organizational Environments: General Paradigms
Part IV Outcomes
Chapter 10 Organizational Performance and Change
References
Name Index
Subject Index
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Contents

Preface
Part I Introduction
Chapter 1 Thinking About Organizations
Overview
Why Study Organizations?
Organizational Impacts
The Nature of Organizations
The Plan of the Book
Summary and Conclusions
Exercises
Part II Organizational Structure
Chapter 2 Organizational Structure: Key Dimensions
Overview
Defining Organizational Structure
Studying Organizational Structure: Early Research on the Bureaucratic Form
Sociological Studies of Formal Structure in Organizations
Dimensions of Formal Structure
Relations Between Complexity, Formalization, and Centralization
Summary and Conclusions
Exercises
Chapter 3 Organizational Structure: Explanations
Overview
Effects of Size
Effects of Technology
Combined Effects of Size and Technology
In Practice: Functional, Product, and Matrix Forms of Organization
Effects of Internal Culture
Environmental Effects on Structure: External Culture
Creating Formal Structure: Debates over Process
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Summary and Conclusions
Exercises
Part III Organizational Processes
Chapter 4 Power and Power Outcomes
Overview
The Nature of Power in Organizations
Authority and Power
Other Types of Power
Shifts in Power
Power Outcomes: Compliance and Involvement
Power Outcomes: Conflict
The Components of Conflict Situations
The Outcomes of Conflict
Summary and Conclusions
Exercises
Chapter 5 Leadership
Overview
What Is Leadership?
The Outcomes of Leadership for Organizations
Leadership in the Voluntary Organization
Summary and Conclusions
Exercises
Chapter 6 Decision-Making
Overview
Organizations as Systems of Decisions
Strategic Decision-Making
Strategies of Power and Decision-Making
Summary and Conclusions
Exercises
Chapter 7 Communication
Overview
The Importance of Communication
Individual Factors
Organizational Factors
Vertical Communication
Horizontal Communication
Communication Problems
Communication to and from Outside the Organization
Possible Solutions
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Summary and Conclusions
Exercises
Chapter 8 Managing Organizational Environments: Conceptions of the Environment
Overview
“Discovering” Organizational Environments
Defining the Environment
Perceiving the Environment
Summary and Conclusions
Exercises
Chapter 9 Managing Organizational Environments: General Paradigms
Overview
The Contingency Paradigm
The Resource Dependence Paradigm
The Transaction Cost Paradigm
The Institutional Paradigm
The Population Ecology Paradigm
Combining Paradigms
Summary and Conclusions
Exercises
Part IV Outcomes
Chapter 10 Organizational Performance and Change
Overview
Problems of Defining Organizational Goals
Approaches to Organizational Effectiveness
Evaluating Organizational Performance: Key Issues
Organizational Change and Transformation
Organizational Change: Learning and Transformation
Transformational Change
Summary and Conclusions
Exercises
References
Name Index
Subject Index
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