Organizational Critical Factors and Their Effect in Achieving Strategic Competitive Advantage

126 Pages·2012·0.58 MB·English

Organizational Critical Factors and Their Effect
in Achieving Strategic Competitive Advantage
"Applied Study in Maritime Transport Sector in Jordan"

(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:3)(cid:5)ا(cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:9)ا (cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:12)(cid:13)(cid:14)(cid:5) ة(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:17) (cid:18)(cid:3)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:5) (cid:21)(cid:12) (cid:13)ه(cid:7)(cid:3)(cid:23)(cid:13)(cid:5)و (cid:2)(cid:25)(cid:7)(cid:20)(cid:26)ا (cid:2)(cid:27)(cid:28)(cid:14)(cid:27)(cid:26)ا (cid:29)(cid:17)ا(cid:30)(cid:31)
"ندر(ا (cid:21)(cid:12) ي(cid:7)(cid:20) (cid:26)ا (cid:29)(cid:19)(cid:14)(cid:26)ا ع(cid:13)!% (cid:21)(cid:12) (cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:19)(cid:3) !(cid:5) (cid:2)(cid:9)ارد"

Prepared by
Issa Awad Mahmoud Hasan

Supervisor
Prof. Kamel M. Moghrabi

THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF

Master in Business Administration

Faculty of Business
Middle East University

May 2012
ii
Islamic Law and International Trade

Links to the Past

As for the sea, we hold it as the way of dry land. Allah said:
“All it is who subdued to ye the sea that vessels may sail thereon by his command and
that ye may seek of his bounty”. Therefore, he has given permission that he who wills
may trade thereon and I hold that no obstacle shall be placed between it and any of the
people. For the dry land and sea alike belong to Allah. He has subdues them for his
servants to seek of his bounty in both of them. How then should we intervene between
Allah’s servants and their means of lively hood?
Muslims believe that Islam is the last religion. Islam is called the seal of religions. Islam,
unlike the Talmud for Orthodox Judaism or the Bible in Christianity, not only covers
moral or spiritual teachings, but also it covers every aspect of life such as trade. Islamic
Sharia‘a places religion as well as economics in the consciousness of Muslims.
Therefore, Islam is comprehensive in coverage.

Reference:
Abd Al- Taww ‘ab, Awad 101 ( D’ar Al Fad’ilah 1994)
iii

Authorization

I, Issa Awad Mahmoud Hasan, authorize Middle East University to
provide libraries, organizations, institutions, or people when
required.

Name: Issa Awad Mahmoud Hasan

Date: 29/05/2012
iv

DISCUSSION COMMITTEE DECISION

This dissertation was discussed under title:

Organizational Critical Factors and Their Effect in Achieving
Strategic Competitive Advantage
“Applied Study in Maritime Transport Sector in Jordan”

th
It was approved on 29 .May.2012

Date: 29/05/2012

Name Signature
v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This thesis is the product of an educational experience at MEU, various
people have contributed towards its completion at different stages, either
directly or indirectly, and any attempt to thank all of them is bound to fall
short.
To begin, I would like to express my whole hearted and sincere gratitude to Prof.
Kamel M. Moghrabi for his guidance, time, and patience, for supporting me and
this thesis during every stage of its development.
I would like to extend my special thanks to Prof. Mohammad Al Nuaimi,
without his encouragement and support. I wouldn’t have been here
completing my degree’s final requirements.
I am also grateful to all contributors who responded to my questionnaire and
made the process of data collection faster.

Sincerely Yours,

Issa Awad Mahmoud Hasan
vi
DEDICATION

ءا(cid:3)ه(cid:5)ا
: (cid:11)(cid:15)(cid:16)(cid:17)(cid:2)ا ن(cid:19)(cid:16)(cid:20)(cid:2)ا (cid:21)(cid:14) (cid:11)(cid:12)(cid:13)(cid:14) (cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:5) (cid:7)ا ل(cid:3)(cid:10) (cid:11)(cid:12) .....(cid:6)(cid:7)إ
َ(cid:16)َ(cid:26)ِ(cid:17)ْ(cid:2)ا َكَ(cid:30)(cid:31)ِ !َ"ُ$ْ(cid:26)َ(cid:15) (cid:3)%&ِإ (cid:3)ً)(cid:3)َ*ْ+ِإ ِ!ْ(cid:15)َ(cid:30)ِ(cid:2)اَ,ْ(cid:2)(cid:3)ِ-َو ُ/(cid:3)%(cid:15)ِإ %0ِإ ْاوُ(cid:30)ُ(cid:26)ْ(cid:4)َ(cid:5)َ ّ0َأ َ34-َر (cid:1)َ6َ(cid:10)َو ) "
ّ (cid:3)7ً (cid:15)ِ(cid:16)َآ ً0ْ,َ(cid:10) (cid:3)َ7ُ(cid:12)%(cid:2) ;ُ(cid:10)َو (cid:3)َ7ُهْ(cid:16)َ(cid:12)ْ(cid:31)َ(cid:5) 0وَ 9فُأ (cid:3)َ7ُ(cid:12)%(cid:2) ;ُ(cid:20)َ(cid:5) َ<َ(cid:14) (cid:3)َ7ُهَ<ِآ ْوَأ (cid:3)َ7ُهُ(cid:30)َ+َأ
"(اً(cid:16)(cid:13)ِ"َ> (cid:21)ِ)(cid:3)(cid:13)َ%-َر (cid:3)َ7َآ (cid:3)َ7ُ(cid:12)ْ7َ+ْرا ?ب%ر ;ُ(cid:10)َو Aَ7ْ+%(cid:16)(cid:2)ا َ!ِ& ?ل4B(cid:2)ا َح(cid:3)َ(cid:31)َD (cid:3)َ7ُ(cid:12)َ(cid:2) ْEِFْGاَو

(cid:13)(cid:14) (cid:15)ا ل(cid:17)(cid:18)أ (cid:20)(cid:21)(cid:22)(cid:21)(cid:23)(cid:7)ا (cid:13)(cid:24)(cid:3)(cid:7)او (cid:6)(cid:7)إو ي(cid:3)(cid:7)او (cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:17)(cid:27)(cid:24) (cid:15)ا نذ(cid:30)(cid:31) م!"#$(cid:7)ا
،(cid:17)ه#$&
.ة#.(cid:5)او (cid:17)(cid:22)/(cid:3)(cid:7)ا (cid:13)(cid:14) (cid:17)$)0& !'(cid:27)(و (cid:17)$)$"#( نأ #((cid:3)*(cid:7)ا (cid:13)+(cid:27)(cid:7)ا (cid:11)(cid:12) ,+(cid:18)أو
ي#$& (cid:20)*(cid:22)(cid:14)ر ،2(cid:12)3او ن(cid:17)0(cid:23)(cid:7)او ءف(cid:3)(cid:7)او (cid:20)(cid:21)(cid:23)$(cid:7)ا 5(cid:12)ر ...... (cid:6)(cid:7)إ
(cid:20)(cid:22)(cid:7)(cid:17)6(cid:7)ا (cid:13)78وز
(,(cid:22))?،ي(cid:3)&،(cid:3)$(cid:23)(cid:12)،ن(cid:17)$(إ،ء(cid:17)$@أ) ي(cid:3)(cid:21)آ تا<+(cid:14)و ،(cid:13)0(cid:22)& ة#= ......(cid:6)(cid:7)إ
( (cid:5)(cid:17)(cid:24) ،ار(cid:17)( ) يد(cid:17)'"أو
.(cid:13)7(cid:21)(cid:23)(cid:12) قد(cid:17)?و (cid:13)+$& ة#$D ي(cid:3)هأ ً(cid:17)(cid:27)(cid:22)$8 F)(cid:22)(cid:7)إ
vii
Table of Contents

Islamic Law and International Trade.....................................................................................ii
DISCUSSION COMMITTEE DECISION...........................................................................iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.....................................................................................................v
DEDICATION......................................................................................................................vi
List of Tables........................................................................................................................xi
List of Figures.....................................................................................................................xii
List of Appendices.............................................................................................................xiii
Abstract...............................................................................................................................xiv
Chapter One...........................................................................................................................1
General Framework...............................................................................................................1
1.0 General Framework.........................................................................................................2
1.1 Preface.............................................................................................................................2
1.2 Research Problem and Questions:...................................................................................4
1.3 Study Model.....................................................................................................................5
1.4 Research Significance......................................................................................................5
1.5 Research Objectives.........................................................................................................6
1.6 Research Hypotheses.......................................................................................................6
1.7 Research Limitations.......................................................................................................7
1.8 Terminologies..................................................................................................................8
Chapter Two.........................................................................................................................10
Theoretical Frame Work and Previous Research.................................................................10
2.0 Theoretical Frame Work and Previous Research...........................................................11
2.1 Introduction:...................................................................................................................11
2.2 Porter's Generic Competitive Strategies:.......................................................................15
2.2.1 Cost Leadership..........................................................................................................15
2.2.2 Differentiation.............................................................................................................16
2.2.3 Focus...........................................................................................................................16
2.3 Porter’s five forces analysis:..........................................................................................17
2.4 Porter Five force Model Practice in shipping:...............................................................18
viii
2.4.1 Threat of Entry............................................................................................................18
2.4.2 Bargaining power of buyers:.......................................................................................22
2.4.3 Bargaining power of suppliers:...................................................................................23
2.4.4 Substitutes:..................................................................................................................25
2.4.5 Rivalry among existing firms:....................................................................................26
2.4.6 Summary...............................................................................................................27
2.5 Supply Chain and Logistics Management.....................................................................29
2.5.1 Evolving Conditions in Supply Chain Management and logistics........................29
2.5.2 Customer needs and the challenges and opportunities..........................................29
2.5.3 Developments in Logistics....................................................................................30
2.5.4 Challenges and opportunities for liner shipping..................................................31
2.6 The horizontal and vertical restructuring of lines..........................................................32
2.6.1 The horizontal restructuring of liner shipping............................................................32
2.6.2 The vertical restructuring of liner shipping................................................................33
2.7 National Shipping Policies.............................................................................................34
2.7.1 What is maritime policy?............................................................................................34
2.7.2 The Five W’s of Shipping Policy................................................................................34
2.7.3 Why do we have maritime policies?...........................................................................35
2.8 IT in Logistics and Supply Chain Management............................................................35
2.9 Logistics in Transocean Transport.................................................................................37
2.10 Intra- Company information Flows.............................................................................37
2.11 Organization Critical Factors.......................................................................................39
2.12 Maritime Industry in Jordan.........................................................................................45
2.12.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................45
2.12.2 Industry Structure......................................................................................................45
2.12.3 Policy and Regulations.............................................................................................45
a- Ministry of Transport (MOT).............................................................................46
b- Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA).....................................47
c- Jordan Maritime Authority (JMA).....................................................................47
d- Aqaba Development Corporation (ADC).......................................................47
2.12.4 Operations and Services....................................................................................48
ix
a- Maritime Transport............................................................................................48
b- Shipping..........................................................................................................48
c- Shipping intermediaries......................................................................................48
2.12.5 Ports..........................................................................................................................49
a- Stevedores and Terminal operators....................................................................50
b- Other Logistics Service Providers..................................................................51
2.13 Institutional Performance and Governance..................................................................51
2.13.1 Governance Performance..........................................................................................51
a- Technical Regulation..........................................................................................52
b- Economic Regulation.....................................................................................52
2.13.2 Maritime System.......................................................................................................53
2.13.3 Maritime Policy Statements and Long-Term Strategic Objectives..........................54
2.14 Previous Research:.......................................................................................................55
2.15 The Current Research:.................................................................................................63
Chapter Three.......................................................................................................................64
Method & Procedures..........................................................................................................64
3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................65
3.2 Research Methodology..................................................................................................65
3.3 Study Population and Sample........................................................................................66
3.4 Study Tools and Data Collection...................................................................................66
3.5 Statistical Treatment......................................................................................................68
3.6 Reliability and Validity..................................................................................................69
Chapter Four........................................................................................................................71
Analysis Results & Hypotheses Test...................................................................................71
4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................72
4.2 Study Questions’ Answers.............................................................................................72
4.3 Result of Study Hypotheses Testing..............................................................................83
Chapter Five.........................................................................................................................87
Results, Conclusions, Discussions and Recommendations.................................................87
5.1 Results............................................................................................................................88
5.2 Conclusions and Discussions.........................................................................................88
x
5.3 Recommendations..........................................................................................................90
References:...........................................................................................................................91
Appendices.........................................................................................................................102
Appendix 1.........................................................................................................................102
Appendix 2.........................................................................................................................103