Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications (Acs Symposium Series)

281 Pages·2010·10.37 MB·English

by  Warren Herman

Organic Thin Films for Photonic
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In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications; Herman, W., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 0.
1039
ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
Organic Thin Films for Photonic
Applications
Warren N. Herman, Editor
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Sponsored by the
ACS Division of Polymer Chemistry
AmericanChemicalSociety,Washington,DC
In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications; Herman, W., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 0.
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In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications; Herman, W., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 0.
Foreword
The ACS Symposium Series was first published in 1974 to provide a
mechanism for publishing symposia quickly in book form. The purpose of
the series is to publish timely, comprehensive books developed from the ACS
sponsoredsymposiabasedoncurrentscientificresearch. Occasionally,booksare
1 | http://pubs.acs.org k-2010-1039.fw001 fdpkoeaervpeaneepBlroispneprmftoeeodparreeyrfsiaratbotgetemoreeatexnshicdynelmcgucodphtmeooedsmppitruaioesbhstblrpeiyesonthnstaeiasuvrodebfriooeecdocnoukcvbse,ey.trthahoegetehpbearoornopdokorf;gsooeardtnihnitezatreabsrtliemeosnotastfyocwbtohehneeatneadnudttdhesiedeisnttoocrepepv.irciSoeiovwsmiedodeef
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RG201 included in the volumes. Verbatim reproductions of previous published papers
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In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications; Herman, W., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 0.
Preface
Organics are an extraordinarily large class of materials with promising
applicationsforphotonicsandelectronics. Thisvolumeisbasedonasymposium
entitled“OrganicThinFilmsforPhotonicsApplications(OTF)”heldatthe236th
Annual Meeting of the American Chemical Society in Philadelphia, PA August,
011 | http://pubs.acs.org 1/bk-2010-1039.pr001 oOa2oolf0prctge0ttiAaor8cnnTb.amiahelcTterese,rhisltigyhe1ecni9aonsam9yrld3emfipja.eolrtptmioiinnoncstgsegliyssufsbombiaornycrgwikagt,phaioptnesoplatitAthcitecamhedateil1eofrd5finriitocsrshamsptniilnnajCayoafishir,nseeeatelmcldnryoisidecgssanospluipootcStfiniohoctsnoacoaplireosidetcfdyaaottlpaahmmtnesiedcteoeapetrtlhotiainetgncegeognO.mstipiTnahmthliocTuesaiontmmlericdoSpeanaoeettctciioiottinhengoitesnysrf,
22
7, 10 have evolved to also include discussions of three dimensional photolithography
n April doi: 10. ahnadvesporloarvipdoewdearugneiqnuereaotipopno.rtuOnviteyrftohrecyheeamrsi,ststh,emseateinritaelrsdisscciiepnltiinsatsry, pmhyeseitcinisgtss
GH o010 | and engineers to gather to present and discuss new theoretical and experimental
TTSBURpril 28, 2 rinesteurlTntsahtoeion1n5oatrlhglyasnyrimeccpothogisnniuizfimeldminsmccliuaetdneetridisat1lss8caionnvvdeirtpeihndogttaoalnkwisciaddneedvv2iac1reicseo.tyntorifbtuotpeidcpsaipnecrlusdfrinogm:
OF PIeb): A Electro-opticpolymersforhighspeeddatamodulationandterahertzemissionand
V W sensing; Third order nonlinear optical materials for all-optical signal processing
NIe ( and optical limiting; Multiphoton absorption polymerization fabrication of
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ded bation semiconducting materials; Polymer based plasmonic devices; Photorefractive
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D and Conducting and semiconducting polymers for photovoltaic and transistor
applications.
Today, organic light emitting diodes for optical displays and polymer
waveguidesdiscussedinseveraloftheearlyOTFmeetingshavebeendeveloped
tothepointofhighlysuccessfulcommercialization. Thedevelopmentoforganic
nonlinearopticalandoptoelectronicmaterialsforopticalcommunications,power
generation, data storage, and other applications have not yet reached the same
level of maturity but offer the similar levels of promise that the early OLED
and polymer waveguides studies showed. This book describes recent research
in materials development, characterization techniques, and device development
relatedtoorganicthinfilmsforphotonicapplications.
ix
In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications; Herman, W., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 0.
Acknowledgments
ThissymposiumwassponsoredbytheAmericanChemicalSocietyDivision
ofPolymerChemistrywithadditionalgeneroussupportprovidedbytheU.S.Air
ForceOfficeofScientificResearchandtheU.S.OfficeofNavalResearch.
WarrenN.Herman
Editor
LaboratoryforPhysicalSciences,UniversityofMaryland
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In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications; Herman, W., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 0.
Chapter 1
Introduction
WarrenN.Herman,*,1StevenR.Flom,2andStephenH.Foulger3
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thickpolymerslabs,demonstrationofplasmonicwaveguidesin
electro-opticmaterials,fabricationofthelargestphotorefractive
3D display to date, new photosensitive polymeric systems
for optical data storage, 3D photonic structures fabricated by
multiphoton absorption polymerization, a practical technique
for measuring the phase of the complex third-order nonlinear
susceptibility without the need for a reference material,
electroluminescent colloidal particles that can be designed
to produce a wide range of emission colors, the creation
of thin-film lasers through the coextrusion of multilayered
polymeric films, issues related to improving the power
conversion efficiency of organic solar cells, various organic
semiconductor materials and the use of terahertz spectroscopy
©2010AmericanChemicalSociety
In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications; Herman, W., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 0.
techniques for determining carrier dynamics in organic
semiconductors. In this introduction we provide some
background information and a brief summary of the exciting
developmentsreportedintheremainderofthebook.
Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials and Devices
Electro-OpticOrganicMaterialsandDevices
Electro-optic materials are a special case of second-order nonlinear optical
(NLO) materials (1). They possess the property than an applied electric-field
g (generated by a voltage applied to electrodes) modifies the refractive index
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or by orientationally ordering the chromphores with an applied electric field,
referredtoaselectricfieldpoling(3–5).
Theexistenceofsecondorderopticalnonlinearitiesinorganicmoleculeshas
been known since the late 1960s (6, 7). Experimental findings were primarily
based on second-harmonic generation (SHG) in organic crystals or electric-field
inducedSHGinliquidsuntilthefirstelectric-fieldpoledsecond-ordernonlinear
polymericthinsolidfilmswerereportedin1982(8,9). Activeresearchthrough
late 1970 and the 1980s led to a number of professional symposia resulting
in numerous symposium books (10–13) on both second-order and third-order
nonlinearopticalpropertiesoforganicthinfilms.
In 1992, electro-optic polymeric materials garnered serious attention
with the demonstration of a wideband 40 GHz Mach-Zehnder optical
modulator using a methacrylate polymer with side chain groups containing
2
In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications; Herman, W., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 0.