Table Of Content49
Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences
Edited by Peter Fulde
Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences
Editors: M. Cardona P. Fulde H.-J. Queisser
Volume 40 Semiconductor Physics - An Introduction By K Seeger
Volume 41 The LMTO Method Muffin-Tin Orbitals and Electronic Structure
By H.L. Skriver
Volume 42 Crystal Optics with Spatial Dispersion and the Theory of Excitations
By VM. Agranovich and V.L. Ginzburg
Volume 43 Resonant Nonlinear Interactions of Light with Matter
By V.S. Butylkin, A.E. Kaplan, Yu.G. Khronopulo, and E.L Yakubovich
Volume 44 Elastic Media with Microstructure II Three-Dimensional Models
By LA. Kunin
Volume 45 Electronic Properties of Doped Semiconductors
By B. I. Shklovskii and A. L. Efros
Volume 46 Topological Disorder in Condensed Matter
Editors: F. Yonezawa and T. Ninomiya
Volume 47 Statics and Dynamics of Nonlinear Systems
Editors: G. Benedek, H. Bilz, and R Zeyher
Volume 48 Magnetic Phase Transitions
Editors: M. Ausloos and R J. Elliott
Volume 49 Organic Molecular Aggregates, Electronic Excitation
and Interaction Processes
Editors: P. Reineker, H. Haken, and H. C. Wolf
Volume 50 Multiple Diffraction of X-Rays in Crystals
By Shih-Lin Chang
Volume 51 Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter
Editor: W Eisenmenger
Volumes I - 39 are listed on the back inside cover
Organic
Molecular Aggregates
Electronic Excitation
and Interaction Processes
Proceedings of the International Symposium
on Organic Materials at Schloss Elmau, Bavaria
June 5-10, 1983
Editors: P. Reineker, H. Haken, and H. C. Wolf
With 113 Figures
Springer-¥erlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo 1983
Professor Dr. Peter Reineker
Vniversitiit Vim, Abteilung flir Theoretische Physik,
D-7900 Vim, Fed. Rep. of Germany
Professor Dr. Dr. h. c. Hermann Haken
Institut flir Theoretische Physik der Vniversitiit Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57,
D-7000 Stuttgart 80, Fed. Rep. of Germany
Professor Dr. Hans Christoph Wolf
Physikalisches Institut der Vniversitiit Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57,
D-7000 Stuttgart 80, Fed. Rep. of Germany
Series Editors:
Professor Dr. Manuel Cardona
Professor Dr. Peter Fulde
Professor Dr. Hans-Joachim Queisser
Max-Planck-Institut flir Festkorperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1
D-7000 Stuttgart 80, Fed. Rep. of Germany
ISBN-13:978-3-642-82143-1 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-82141-7
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-82141-7
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is
concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction
by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under§ 54 ofthe German Copyright
Law, where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to ''Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort" ,
Munich.
© by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1983
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1983
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence
of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations
and therefore free for general use.
2153/3130-543210
Preface
This volume contains the talks presented at the International Symposium on
Electronic Excitations and Interaction Processes in Organic Molecular Aggre
gates which was held at Schloss Elmau, Bavaria, Germany from June 5 to June
10, 1983.
In the recent years the investigation of organic materials has developed
rapidly and has led to the construction of materials with interesting proper
ties. The discovery of highly conducting and superconducting organic materials
is definitely one of the reasons for the enormous increase in research acti
vity in this field. Interesting applications have been realized or seem pos
sible, such as the application of organic materials in electrophotography. The
conductivity of organic polymers may be varied within a large range by doping
and such materials have been used to construct an organic battery. Some time
ago it was suggested that organic glasses and polymers could be used as stor
age materials in computer technology. With the development of preparation tech
niques and modern methods of investigation, for example, high resolution and
picosecond spectroscopy, a large amount of experimental data is available not
only for the conducting materials but also for organic semiconductors and in
sulators.
With this rapid accumulation of experimental material the microscopic
theoretical understanding could not keep pace. Although several new concepts
have been developed and discussed in recent years, for example, those of charge
and spin density waves or of the coupled coherent and incoherent exciton mo
tion, a lot of questions are still open. In the context of exciton motion, for
example, the nature of the moving particle is still unclear. Is the moving
excitation a free or a clothed particle? Is there a transition from free to
clothed excitations and what are the relaxation times?
Another open question is the description of energy transfer in mixed mole
cular crystals. Have methods to be used as in the description of Anderson
localization or is percolation theory more appropriate? Further unsolved prob
le~s are under discussion in connection with the description of the interac
tion of electronic excitations with each other, with the transitions from
Frenkel to charge-transfer excitons and finally to electron-hole pairs, which
are responsible for photoconductivity, or with the investigation of guest
molecules in organic glasses. Finally, another interesting aspect should be
mentioned: similar questions arise in the investigation of electronic excita
tions in organic molecular aggregates and in the investigation of photosyn
thesis in biological systems.
In view of the discrepancy between the huge amount of available experimental
information and its theoretical exploration, a symposium on electronic excita
tions in organic molecular aggregates seemed necessary with more weight on
theoretical questions. Another point of view in organizing the symrosium was
v
to invite not only researchers working in the field of electronic excitations
in organic solids but also scientists doing research on similar problems in
other fields of condensed-matter physics, in chemistry and biophysics.
Taking into account these aspects, a program for the symposium arose where,
in about half of the talks, the questions mentioned above are approached from
the theoretical point of view, and in the other half, more from the experimen
tal side. Two introductory talks review basic experimental and theoretical
methods and results. The aim of the symposium was to exhibit concepts and ideas
which were formed in the investigation of organic solids, to analyze models
and their consequences and to discuss the procedures in the organic field as
compared to those in other fields.
The organizing committee would like to use this opportunity to thank the
Volkswagenwerk Foundation for its support. Finally, the editors thank K.
Kassner, A. Scheuing, B. Schmid, and U. Schmid for their help in preparing
these proceedings.
Stuttgart/Ulm H. Haken P. Reineker H. C. Wolf
November 1983
VI
Contents
Part I Basic Concepts, Methods and Results
Excited State Interaction and Energy Transfer Between Molecules in
Organic Crystals - Basic Experimental Methods and Results
By H.C. Wolf (With 1 Figure) ........................................ 2
Electronic Excitations in Molecular Solids. By C.B. Duke ............... 11
Part 1/ I nteraction of Electronic Excitations with Electromagnetic
Radiation
Excitation Spectroscopy of Triplet State Monomers, Aggregates and
Excitons in Anthracene Crystals. By H. Port (With 13 Figures) ....... 22
Photoemission from Molecular Crystals, Bandstructure and Resonance
Effects. By E.E. Koch (With 10 Figures) ............................. 35
New Type of Local Resonances in Thin Rough Films
By V.M. Agranovich, V.E. Kravtsov, and T.A. Leskova (With 2 Figures). 47
Part 1/1 Electronic Excitations and Spin Dynamics
Electron Spin Echo Spectroscopy of One-Dimensional Excitons
By J. Schmidt (With 7 Figures) ...................................... 56
Energy Transfer in Molecular Crystals and Its Influence on Spin
Resonance. By R. Silbey ............................................ 67
Ensemble Averaged Spin Pair Dynamics of Doublet and Triplet Molecules
By K. Schulten (With 9 Figures) ..................................... 76
Part IV Interaction of Electronic Excitations with Lattice Vibrations
Localization and Delocalization of an Exciton in the Phonon Field
By Y. Toyozawa (With 7 Figures) ..................................... 90
Vibronic Excitons in the Intermediate Coupling Regime
By S.F. Fischer (With 5 Figures) ................................... 107
VII
Photo-Induced Electron or Excitation Transfer Enhanced During
Vibrational Relaxation and Generalized Forster's Formula
By H. Sumi (With 1 Figure) .•..••••.•....•.••...............••..•• 120
Molecular Aggregates in Liquids Resolved by a Novel Raman Spectroscopy
By W. linth and W. Kaiser (With 5 Figures) ....•••......••••...•.. 124
Part V Excimers, Charge Transfer Excitons and Exciton Fission
Charge Transfer Spectra of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Crystals
By W. Siebrand and M.l. 19ierski (With 2 Figures) .................. 136
Exciton Band Structure and Excimer Formation
By L.A. Dissado and S.H. Walmsley .................................. 145
Fission and Radiationless Transitions in Organic Molecular Crystals in
Highly Excited States. By G. Klein (With 6 Figures) •.........•...• 149
Part VI Electronic Excitations in Disordered Systems
Transport and Thermodynamics of Physical Systems with Fractal Geometry
By R. Orbach (With 2 Figures) ...................................... 158
Hopping Transport in Disordered Systems. By J. Klafter ................ 169
Energy Transfer and Relaxation Processes as Studied by Picosecond
Fluorescence Spectroscopy. By D. Schmid (With 7 Figures) .....•.... 184
Theoretical Methods for the Analysis of Exciton Capture and Annihilation
By V.M. Kenkre ..................................................... 193
Excitation Transport in Naphthalene Aggregates: Mixed Crystals, Amor-
phous Thin Films and Polymeric Glasses. By R. Kopelman ............. , 202
Part VII, Electronic Excitation of Impurities in Glasses and Polymers
Dynamical Linewidth Effects of Hole Burning of Free Base Phthalocyanine
in Polymers: Spectral Diffusion and Exchange Narrowing
By A. Gutierrez, G. Castro, G. Schulte, and D. Haarer
(With 6 Figures) ••.•••••••••••••••••••••••..•••.••••••••.•.......• 206
Theory of Dephasing of Impurities in Glasses
By S.K. Lyo (With 3 Figures) ........................................ 215
Part VIII Conductivity and Superconductivity in Organic Materials
Spin Resonance and Conductivity of Fluoranthenyl Radical Cation Salts
By W. Stocklein, B. Bail, M. Schwoerer, D. Singel, and J. Schmidt
(With 8 Figures) .•......••••...•....•........•......•..••...•••.... 228
VIII
Conducting Polymers Derived from Pyrrole
By G.B. Street, R.H. Geiss, S.E. Lindsey, A. Nazzal, and P. Pfluger
(With 4 Figures) .................................................... 242
Organic Superconductors: Quasi One-Dimensional Conductors, Anomalous
Superconductors. By D. J~rome (With 11 Figures) .................... 252
Part IX Electronic Excitations in Photosynthetic Systems
Optical Investigations of Photosynthetic Systems
By G. Paillotin and J. Breton (With 4 Figures) ..................... 272
Index of Contributors .•....•......•••......•.•...•.....•.....•.....•. 285
IX
Part I
Basic Concepts,
Methods and Results
