Table Of ContentThis volume and the conference from which it resulted were sponsored by
the Joint Committee on Chinese Studies, of the American Council of
Learned Societies and the Social Science Research Council, with funds
provided by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Ford
Foundation.
Ordering the World
Approaches to State and
Society in Sung Dynasty China
EDITED BY
Robert P. Hymes
and
Conrad Schirokauer
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
Berkeley Los Angeles Oxford
University of California Press
Berkeley and Los Angeles, California
University of California Press, Ltd.
Oxford, England
© 1993 by
The Regents of the University of California
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ordering the world : approaches to state and society in Sung Dynasty
China I edited by Robert P. Hymes and Conrad Schirokauer.
p. cm.-(Studies on China; 16)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-520-07691-5 (cloth)
i. China-History-Sung dynasty, 960-1279-Congresses. I. Hymes,
Robert P. II. Schirokauer, Conrad. III. Series.
DS751.073 1993
951'.02-dc20 91-43492
CIP
.. Printed in the United States of America
- -
123456789
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National
Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials,
ANSI Z39.48-1984.8
.... -
STUDIES ON CHINA
A series of conference volumes sponsored by the joint Committee on Chinese
Studies of the American Council of Learned Societies and the Social Science
Research Council.
l. The Origins of Chinese Civilization
edited by David N. Keightley
University of California Press, 1982
2. Popular Chinese Literature and Performing Arts in the
People's Republic of China, 1949-1979
edited by Bonnie S. McDougall
University of California Press, 1984
3. Class and Social Stratification in Post-Revolution China
edited by James L. Watson
Cambridge University Press, 1984
4. Popular Culture in Late Imperial China
edited by David Johnson, Andrew]. Nathan, and Evelyn S. Rawski
University of California Press, 1985
5. Kinship Organization in Late Imperial China, 1000-1940
edited by Patricia Buckley Ebrey and James L. Watson
University of California Press, 1986
6. The Vitality of the Lyric Voice:
Shih Poetry from the Late Han to the T'ang
edited by Shuen-fu Lin and Stephen Owen
Princeton University Press, 1986
7. Policy Implementation in Post-Mao China
edited by David M. Lampton
University of California Press, 1987
8. Death Ritual in Late Imperial and Modern China
edited by James L. Watson and Evelyn S. Rawski
University of California Press, 1988
9. Neo-Confucian Education: The Formative Stage
edited by Wm. Theodore de Bary and john W. Chaffee
University of California Press, 1989
10. Orthodoxy in Late Imperial China
edited by Kwang-Ching Liu
University of California Press, 1990
11. Chinese Local Elites and Patterns of Dominance
edited by Joseph W. Esherick and Mary Backus Rankin
University of California Press, 1990
12. Marriage and Inequality in Chinese Society
edited by Rubie S. Watson and Patricia Buckley Ebrey
Universi!J of California Press, 1991
13. Chinese History in Economic Perspective
edited by Thomas G. Rawski and Lillian M. Li
Universi!J of California Press, 1991
14. Bureaucracy, Politics, and Decision Making in Post-Mao China
edited by Kenneth G. Lieberthal and David M. Lampton
Universi!J of California Press, 1992
15. Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in China
edited by Susan Naquin and Chiin-fang Yu
Universi!J of California Press, 1992
16. Ordering the World: Approaches to State and Society in
Sung Dynasty China
edited by Robert P. Hymes and Conrad Schirokauer
Universi!J of California Press, 1993
for Debora and Lore
and lo the memory of E. A. Kracke
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS / xi
CONTRIBUTORS / xiii
INTRODUCTION I 1
Conrad Schirokauer and Robert P. Hymes
1. Su Hsun's Pragmatic Statecraft / 59
George Hatch
2. State Power and Economic Activism during the New Policies, 1068-1085:
The Tea and Horse Trade and the "Green Sprouts" Loan Policy I 76
Paul]. Smith
3. Government, Society, and State:
On the Political Visions ofSsu-ma Kuang and Wang An-shih / 128
Peter K. Bol
4. Chu Hsi's Sense of History / 193
Conrad Schirokauer
5. Community and Welfare:
Chu Hsi's Community Granary in Theory and Practice / 221
Richard von Glahn
6. Charitable Estates as an Aspect of Statecraft in Southern Sung China I 255
Linda Walton
7. Moral Duty and Self-Regulating Process in Southern Sung Views
of Famine Relief / 280
Robert P. Hymes
ix
x CONTENTS
8. The Historian as Critic: Li Hsin-ch'uan and the Dilemmas of Statecraft
in Southern Sung IC hina I 310
John W. Chaffee
9. Wei Liao-weng's Thwarted Statecraft I 336
James T. C. Liu
10. Chen Te-hsiu and Statecraft / 349
Wm. Theodore de Bary
GLOSSARY I 381
WORKS CITED I 393
INDEX I 415
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This book grows out of the conference on Sung Dynasty Statecraft in
Thought and Action, held at Scottsdale, Arizona in January 1986, ,with
funds provided by a grant from the American Council of Learned Societies.
Thanks are owing to Jason Parker, Executive Associate of the Council, for
his aid and advice in the planning of the conference and for his active and
very helpful participation at Scottsdale. We owe thanks also to Frederic
Wakeman, Jr., and Tu Wei-ming, who as successive chairs of the Joint
Committee on Chinese Studies of the Council of Learned Societies and the
Social Science Research Council gave us important guidance and feedback
on our proposal and on our later planning.
Wm. Theodore de Bary, whose contribution to the conference is repre
sented in this volume, and John Langlois, not present at the conference,
were prime movers in putting forward the idea of a series of conferences on
Chinese statecraft. The idea was further elaborated at a planning meeting
held at Columbia University in October 1981, also under the sponsorship of
the Council of Learned Societies. As yet ours has been the only statecraft
conference to grow out of this planning process; we hope there will be
others. Many others who did not participate in the conference aided us in
planning it, in particular Hok-lam Chan, Herbert Franke, Klaus Flessel,
Mira Mihelich, and Charles Peterson.
Our conference was a large one, and it was obvious from the start that of
the many excellent papers presented there not all could possibly find their
way into a single volume. Our deep appreciation goes to the participants
whose work we would wish to have included but could not: Hao Chang,
Peter Golas, Chiin-chieh Huang, Thomas Lee, Winston Lo, Michael
McGrath, Hoyt Tillman, Monika Obelhor, and Allan Wood. All, through
their contributions at the conference and afterward, have affected in impor-
xi
xii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
tant ways the content of the volume. William Atwell gave us crucial help
and insight as intellectual envoy from the world of the Ming and Ch'ing. In
him and in our ambassador from points west, John Pocock, we had discus
sants of extraordinary quality, who made us think at every moment about
the foundations and implications of our thoughts and claims. The confer
ence could not have proceeded as smoothly as it did without Marie Gua
rino, who performed the demanding and exhausting role of sole rapporteur
with unfailing intelligence, efficiency, and good cheer. In the preparation of
the volume Francine Ovios, systems analyst and programmer at the Center
for Computing Activities at Columbia University, provided services well
beyond the call of duty without compensation and without complaint. We
are in her debt. For extremely helpful readings of earlier versions of the
manuscript we thank Patricia Ebrey and another, anonymous reader. Our
debt to Robert Hartwell in our introduction is obvious.
Finally, we offer thanks to the management and employees of the
Hungarian Pastry Shop at 1030 Amsterdam Avenue, whose patient hospi
tality and excellent hot chocolate (which we nursed far longer than was
really fair) carried us through hours, days, weeks, and months of produc
tive talk, excited argument, and extraordinarily harmonious editing and
writing.
cs
RPH
