Orchid Propagation: From Laboratories to Greenhouses—Methods and Protocols

516 Pages·2018·21.17 MB·English

by  Yung-I Lee

Yung-I Lee
Edward Chee-Tak Yeung Editors
Orchid Propagation:
From Laboratories
to Greenhouses—
Methods and Protocols
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pringer rotocolS andbookS
For further volumes:
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Orchid Propagation:
From Laboratories to
Greenhouses—Methods and
Protocols
Edited by
Yung-I Lee
Biology Department, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
Edward Chee-Tak Yeung
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Editors
Yung-I Lee Edward Chee-Tak Yeung
Biology Department Department of Biological Sciences
National Museum of Natural Science University of Calgary
Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China Calgary, Alberta, Canada
ISSN 1949-2448 ISSN 1949-2456 (electronic)
Springer Protocols Handbooks
ISBN 978-1-4939-7770-3 ISBN 978-1-4939-7771-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7771-0
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018936747
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Preface
The orchid family is one of the largest families of flowering plants known for their beauty
and economic importance. Orchids are especially vital to the horticulture and florist indus-
tries. In addition, the potential of using orchids as a source for the pharmaceutical and
fragrance industries is currently being explored, resulting in a steady increase in scholarly
publications related to orchid biology research. When looking at the literature available, it
is surprising to find that there is no comprehensive integration of key areas of research that
are important to both scientists and commercial growers alike.
The main purpose of this publication is (1) to provide key practical areas of research (i.e.
germination, micropropagation, traditional and current techniques related to plant improve-
ment) and (2) to document methods that ensure survival of plants from laboratories to green-
houses. The topics highlighted in this work is by no means complete but is meant to draw
attention to the many techniques available that can be beneficial to one’s work on orchid research
and development. We hope that this publication can promote cross-talks between scientists and
growers. Both groups have different knowledge bases and when combined will ensure successful
growth of orchids in their natural habitats or commercial greenhouses. Laymen that are inter-
ested in orchid growing will also benefit from having this handy scientific reference.
In this work, we emphasize both the theoretical understanding of methods and practi-
cal details. A proper theoretical understanding is essential to the success of a protocol.
Hence several overview chapters have been included amongst the protocol chapters. We
first emphasize propagation methods using seeds and related techniques that are important
to plant conservation and improvement (Part I). Successes in asymbiotic and symbiotic
seed germination are keys to orchid conservation and their propagation. Part II summa-
rizes micropropagation methods, common media, and newer methods of micropropaga-
tion such as the bioreactor culture procedures. This is followed by a special technique
section (Part III) focusing on techniques related to the manipulation of explants in an
in vitro environment. Some cell biological methods and transformation techniques are
included in Part IV. Plant improvements through transformation are now common and can
also be applied to orchid species with some successes; however, transformation protocols
can apply only to a limited number of orchid species. The methods and protocols detailed
serve to encourage further improvements in this area of research. Successes in a laboratory
setting do not guarantee plant survival and propagation in greenhouses and in the natural
environment. Hence, in Part V, we focus on greenhouse propagation techniques that are
essential to the survival of plants generated from a laboratory setting. A final part is to
showcase recent successes on orchid propagation by documenting sample publications and
how to present orchids in an artistic fashion for one’s enjoyment.
We would like to thank Mr. Colin Chan for his help in editing the figures and graphics
and to Professor C.C. Chinnappa for proofreading manuscripts. Finally, we are grateful to
all authors for their contributions to this book and their patience and cooperation during
the course of preparation and editing.
Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China Yung-I Lee
Calgary, Alberta, Canada Edward Chee-Tak Yeung
v
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Part I OrchId SeedS In Plant PrOPagatIOn and cOnServatIOn
1 Understanding Seed and Protocorm Development in Orchids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Edward C. Yeung, Yuan-Yuan Li, and Yung-I Lee
2 Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi: Isolation and Identification Techniques . . . . . . . . . . 27
Lawrence W. Zettler and Laura L. Corey
3 Protocols for Establishing Fungi-Protocorm Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Yuan-Yuan Li, Hui Wang, and Shun-Xing Guo
4 Orchid Seed and Pollen: A Toolkit for Long-Term Storage, Viability
Assessment and Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Philip T. Seaton, Silvério T. Hosomi, Ceci C. Custódio, Timothy R. Marks,
Nelson B. Machado-Neto, and Hugh W. Pritchard
Part II OrchId MIcrOPrOPagatIOn
5 Orchid Seed Germination and Micropropagation I:
Background Information and Related Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Edward C. Yeung, Jungmin Park, and Indra S. Harry
6 Orchid Seed Germination and Micropropagation II:
Media Information and Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Jungmin Park and Edward C. Yeung
7 Orchid Micropropagation: An Overview of Approaches and Methodologies . . . . 151
Tim W. Yam and J. Arditti
8 Common Protocols in Orchid Micropropagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
So-Young Park, Yoon-Sun Huh, and Kee-Yoeup Paek
9 Micropropagation of Orchids by Using Bioreactor Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy, Kee-Yoeup Paek, and So-Young Park
10 Enhanced Growth and Development of Cymbidium and Phalaenopsis
Plantlets Cultured In Vitro Under Light-Emitting Diodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Duong Tan Nhut, Hoang Thanh Tung, and Michio Tanaka
Part III SPecIal technIqueS
11 Tracking Pollen Fates in Orchid Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Steven D. Johnson and Lawrence D. Harder
12 Cut-Column Pollination Method to Overcome Pollination Barrier
in Phalaenopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Hua-Ting Chuang, Kuang-Liang Huang, and Shan-Te Hsu
vii
viii Contents
13 In Vitro Flowering and Breeding of Erycina pusilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Yi-Tien Chiu and Chen Chang
14 Virus Elimination Through Meristem Culture and Rapid Clonal
Propagation Using a Temporary Immersion System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Rong-Show Shen and Shan-Te Hsu
15 Cryopreservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Wagner A. Vendrame
16 Haploid Seed Formation via Parthenogenesis in Bletilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Juntaro Kato and Syoichi Ichihashi
17 A Protocol for the Induction of Polyploids in Phalaenopsis Orchids
by In Vitro Method Without Using Anti-microtubule Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Wen-Huei Chen and Ching-Yan Tang
18 Virus Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Chin-An Chang
Part Iv cell and MOlecular BIOlOgy and tranSfOrMatIOn
19 Genetic Transformation on Orchid Species: An Overview of Approaches
and Methodologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Masahiro Mii and Dong Poh Chin
20 Recent Protocols on Genetic Transformation of Orchid Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Chia-Wen Li and Ming-Tsair Chan
21 The Use of Laser Microdissection to Investigate Cell-Specific
Gene Expression in Orchid Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Raffaella Balestrini, Valeria Fochi, Alessandro Lopa, and Silvia Perotto
Part v OrchId PrOPagatIOn and MaIntenance
22 Vegetative Propagation of Orchids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Yung-I Lee
23 Orchid Cultivation in Taiwan: Conventional and Innovative Methods . . . . . . . . 427
Rong-Show Shen, Yu-Hsin Liao, and Kuang-Liang Huang
24 Strategies in Orchid Health Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Jiunn-Feng Su, Shu-Pei Chen, and Ting-Fang Hsieh
Part vI ShOwcaSIng OrchIdS
25 Macro Flower Photography: An Introduction to Photographic
Principles and Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
Mendel Perkins
26 An Introduction to Chinese Orchid Paintings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Patrick I. Siu
27 Recent Advances in Orchid Seed Germination and Micropropagation . . . . . . . . 497
Yuan-Yuan Li, Colin Chan, Corrine Stahl, and Edward C. Yeung
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
Contributors
J. ardIttI · University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
raffaella BaleStrInI · Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Turin, Italy
MIng-tSaIr chan · Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica,
Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
cOlIn chan · Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada
chen chang · Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung
City, Taiwan, Republic of China
chIn-an chang · Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of
China
wen-hueI chen · Orchid Research and Development Center, National Cheng Kung
University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
Shu-PeI chen · Applied Zoology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute,
Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
dOng POh chIn · Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University,
Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
yI-tIen chIu · Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung
City, Taiwan, Republic of China
hua-tIng chuang · Department of Horticultural Science, National Chiayi University,
Chiayi City, Taiwan, Republic of China
laura l. cOrey · Department of Biology, Illinois College, Jacksonville, IL, USA
cecI c. cuStódIO · Agronomy College, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE),
Rodovia Raposa Tavares, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
valerIa fOchI · Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università
degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
Shun-XIng guO · Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
lawrence d. harder · Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary,
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Indra S. harry · Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary,
Alberta, Canada
SIlvérIO t. hOSOMI · College of Biological Sciences, Universidade do Oeste Paulista
(UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
tIng-fang hSIeh · Floriculture Research Center, Taiwan Agricultural Research
Institute, GuKeng, Yunlin, Taiwan, Republic of China
Shan-te hSu · Department of Horticultural Science, National Chiayi University,
Chiayi City, Taiwan, Republic of China
Kuang-lIang huang · Department of Horticultural Science, National Chiayi
University, Chiayi City, Taiwan, Republic of China
ix
x Contributors
yOOn-Sun huh · Chungbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Cheongju-si,
Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
SyOIchI IchIhaShI · Department of Biology, Aichi University of Education, Kariya, Aichi,
Japan
Steven d. JOhnSOn · School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville,
Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
JuntarO KatO · Department of Biology, Aichi University of Education, Kariya, Aichi,
Japan
yung-I lee · Biology Department, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung,
Taiwan, Republic of China
yuan-yuan lI · Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
chIa-wen lI · Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City,
Taiwan, Republic of China
yu-hSIn lIaO · Department of Horticultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi
City, Taiwan, Republic of China
aleSSandrO lOPa · Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi,
Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
nelSOn B. MachadO-netO · Agronomy College, Universidade do Oeste Paulista
(UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
tIMOthy r. MarKS · Comparative Seed Biology, Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology,
Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex, UK
MaSahIrO MII · Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University,
Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
hOSaKatte nIranJana Murthy · Department of Botany, Karnatak University,
Dharwad, India
duOng tan nhut · Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of
Science and Technology, Dalat City, Vietnam
Kee-yOeuP PaeK · Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University,
Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Research Center for the Development of
Advanced Horticultural Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si,
Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
JungMIn ParK · Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary,
Alberta, Canada
SO-yOung ParK · Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University,
Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Research Center for the Development of
Advanced Horticultural Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si,
Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
Mendel PerKInS · Department of Botany, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
BC, Canada
SIlvIa PerOttO · Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università
degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy; Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante,
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Turin, Italy
hugh w. PrItchard · Comparative Seed Biology, Comparative Plant and Fungal
Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex, UK
PhIlIP t. SeatOn · Comparative Seed Biology, Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology,
Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex, UK
Contributors xi
rOng-ShOw Shen · Department of Horticultural Science, National Chiayi University,
Chiayi City, Taiwan, Republic of China
PatrIcK I. SIu · Willoughby, NSW, Australia
cOrrIne Stahl · Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary,
Alberta, Canada
Jiunn-Feng Su · Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute,
Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
Michio Tanaka · Department of Horticultural Science, Kagawa University, Takamatsu,
Kagawa, Japan
ching-Yan Tang · Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung,
Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
hoang Thanh Tung · Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of
Science and Technology, Dalat City, Vietnam
Wagner a. VendraMe · Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of
Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead, FL, USA
hui Wang · Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
TiM W. YaM · Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, Singapore, Singapore
Edward C . Yeung · Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary,
Alberta, Canada
lawrence w. Zettler · Department of Biology, Illinois College, Jacksonville, IL, USA