Optimum Aerodynamic Design & Parallel Navier-Stokes Computations ECARP — European Computational Aerodynamics Research Project

470 Pages·1998·19.19 MB·English

by  Jacques Periaux

Optimum Aerodynamic Design
& Parallel Navier-Stokes Computations
ECARP - European Computational
Aerodynamics Research Project
Edited by
Jacques Periaux
Gabriel Bugeda
Panagiotis K. Chaviaropoulos
Kyriakos Giannakoglou
Stephane Lanteri
and Bertrand Mantel
Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics (NNFM) Volume 61
Series Editors: Ernst Heinrich Hirschel, Munchen (General Editor)
Kozo Fujii, Tokyo
Bram van Leer, Ann Arbor
Michael A. Leschziner, Manchester
Maurizio Pandolfi, Torino
Arthur Rizzi, Stockholm
Bernard Roux, Marseille
Volume 61 Optimum Aerodynamic Design & Parallel Navier-Stokes Computations, ECARP-European
Computational Aerodynamics Research Project (1. Periaux I G. Bugeda I P. Chaviaropoulos I
K. Giannokoglou I S. Lanteri I B. Mantel, Eds.)
Volume 60 New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics. Contributions to the 10th AG
STABIDGLR Symposium Braunschweig, Germany 1996 (H. Korner I R. Hilbig, Eds.)
Volume 59 Modeling and Computations in Environmental Sciences. Proceedins of the First GAMM
Seminar at ICA Stuttgart, October 12-13, 1995 (R. Helmig I W. Jager I W. Kinzelbach I
P. Knabner I G. Wittum, Eds.)
Volume 58 ECARP - European Computational Aerodynamics Research Project: Validation of
CFD Codes and Assessment of Turbulence Models
(w. Haase I E. Chaput I E. Elsholz I M. A. Leschziner I U. R. MUller, Eds.)
Volume 57 Euler and Navier-Stokes Solvers Using Multi-Dimensional Upwind Schemes and
Multigrid Acceleration. Results of the BRITE/EURAM Projects AERO-CT89-0003 and
AER2-CT92-00040, 1989-1995 (H. Deconinck I B. Koren, Eds.)
Volume 56 EUROSHOCK-Drag Reduktion by Passive Shock Control. Results of the Project
EUROSHOCK, AER2-CT92-0049 Supported by the European Union, 1993-1995
(E. Stanewsky I 1. Delery I 1. Fulker I W. GeiSler, Eds.)
Volume 55 EUROPT - A European Initiative on Optimum Design Methods in Aerodynamics.
Proceedings of the Brite/Euram Project Workshop "Optimum Design in Aerodynamics",
Barcelona, 1992 (1. Periaux I G. Bugeda I P. K. Chaviaropoulos I T. Labrujere I
B. Stoufflet, Eds.)
Volume 54 Boundary Elements: Implementation and Analysis of Advanced Algorithms. Proceedings of
the Twelfth GAMM-Seminar, Kiel, January 19-21,1996 (w. Hackbusch I G. Wittum, Eds.)
Volume 53 Computation of Three-Dimensional Complex Flows. Proceedings of the IMACS-COST
Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics, Lausanne, September 13-15,1995
(M. Deville I S. Gavrilakis I I. L. Ryhming, Eds.)
Volume 52 Flow Simulation with High-Performance Computers II. DFG Priority Research Programme
Results 1993-1995 (E. H. Hirschel, Ed.)
Volumes 1 to 51 are out of print.
The addresses of the Editors are listed at the end of the book.
Optimum Aerodynamic Design &
Parallel Navier-Stokes Computations
ECARP - European Computational
Aerodynamics Research Project
Edited by
Jacques Periaux
Gabriel Bugeda
Panagiotis K. Chaviaropoulos
Kyriakos Giannakoglou
Stephane Lanteri
and Bertrand Mantel
I I
vleweg
All rights reserved
© Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Braunschweig/Wicsbadcn, ll)l)X
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1998
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Printed on acid-free paper
ISBN 978-3-322-90195-8 ISBN 978-3-322-90193-4 (eBook)
DOl 10.1007/978-3-322-90193-4
Preface
This volume entitled "European Computational Aerodynamics Research
Project (ECARP)" contains the contributions of partners presented in two work
shops focused on the following areas: Task 3 on Optimum Design and Task 4.2
on Navier Stokes Flow algorithms on Massively Parallel Processors.
ECARP has been supported by the European Union (EU) through the Indus
trial and Materials Technology Programme, Area 3 Aeronautics, with the Third
Research Framework Programme (1990-1994).
Part A of this volume is focused on computational constrained optimization
as a follow up of the EU research project" Optimum Design in Aerodynamics" ,
(AERO-S9-0026) dealing with more viscous flow based real applications. It pro
vides the reader with a set of optimization tools and referenced data useful in
modern aerodynamic design.
Task 3 of the project entitled "Optimum Design" brought together 13 Euro
pean partners from the academic and industrial aeronautic oriented community
showing state of the art expertise in traditional automated optimization software
on current computer technology to improve the capability to optimize aircraft
shapes.
The book contains a comprehensive set of computerized data issued from an
optimum and inverse problems list of S test cases extending the currently pursued
technology from an inviscid flow base to a viscous one. Critical problems with
relevant geometries listed as 2-D nozzle viscous drag minimization (TEl), air
foil reproduction with viscous effects (TE2), inviscid drag minimization (TE3),
multi-point 2-D airfoil design (TE4), wing-pylon-nacelle optimization (TE5),
transonic single-wing optimization with inviscid/viscous flows (TE6), axisym
metric afterbody viscous drag minimization (TE7) and laminar riblets (TES)
were defined by partners.
Participants sent prior to the workshop their computerized results according to
prescribed access rules and unified storage formats to the INRIA database which
were treated by the VIGIE graphic visualisation tool during the workshop.
The performance and accuracy of these techniques depending on the quality
of flow analysis solvers have been evaluated during the workshop. The database
allowed an interactive comparison of results and provided a reliable basis for the
real use of those methods in current airframe design engineering work.
Parallel to the development of the project, multi disciplinary/multi criteria
strategies motivated by concurrent engineering targeted products of increasing
complexity were considered for the first time with the evident interest of global
optimization for arbitrary functions of independent integers, discrete or con
tinuous variables. Promising derivative free computations using a novel shared
information technology called Genetic Algorithms were presented by NLR and
Dassault Aviation during the project and undoubtedly paved the way to future
hybridization of deterministic and stochastic methods in modern optimization.
Part B is focused on a database workshop aimed to determine the impact
of parallel architectures on the usability of laminar Navier Stokes solvers for
compressible viscous flows. Eight participants from the academic and industrial
community carried out computations of at least one of the following test cases:
TC1: 2-D laminar flow around NACA0012 airfoil (turbulent TC3 and TC4).
TC2: 3-D laminar flow around the ONERA M6 wing (turbulent TC5).
The main focus of the workshop was solving the compressible Navier Stokes
equations at the lowest cost for a given accuracy. The requested output formats
for a contribution consisted in filling the following types of outputs: platform
identity, cost evaluation, brief description of the methodology used, approxi
mation, solution method, type of mesh, quality of the 2-D output (resp. 3-D),
pressure coefficient, skin friction coefficient on the airfoil ( resp. at different span
sections on the wing).
Classification of contributions was done in terms of various kinds of meshes,
methods and approximation, considering structured or unstructured grids, ex
plicit or implicit methods and upwind or centered schemes.
We are under considerable obligation to D. Knorzer, European Commission
DGXII for his constant interest in high-tech methodologies of crucial interest to
European airframe manufacturers.
Special thanks go to the Coordinator of ECARP, D. Hills and his collabora
tor, I. Risk, British Aerospace for doing both a very professional managing job
all along the two year contractual period with CFD partners and their contin
uous efforts making well organized technical meetings attractive and interactive
between partners of the three main areas of the project.
We express our gratitude to the INRIA Sophia Antipolis staff who contributed
significantly to the success of the database workshops by giving access to con
tributors to the INRIA database and VIGIE graphic software allowing real time
presentations.
We also thank partners for providing data which complied to the access rules
and storage formats of the ECARP Database .
The editors acknowledge in particular partners from Aerospatiale, Alenia, IN
RIA, NTUA, NLR, Dassault Aviation, Daimler Benz Aerospace Airbus, for their
precious help in the definition, session chair and synthesis of test cases .
The editors are grateful to E.H. Hirschel, Vieweg general editor for accepting
to publish ECARP results and his valuable advises. We are also deeply indebted
to patience of Vieweg Verlag staff in the long range preparation of the manuscript
published in this series.
Special thanks are also due to A. Dervieux, J-A. Desideri, W. Haase and R.
Fournier for their stimulating and fruitful discussions in CFD and Data Process
ing during the whole development of the workshop.
Jacques Periaux
Gabriel Bugeda
Panagiotis K. Chaviaropoulos
Kyriakos Giannakoglou
Stephane Lanteri
Bertrand Mantel
July 1997
Contents Page
Part A: Numerical Optimization in Aerodynamic Design ......................... I
I. Introduction ............... ................... ................... .................. .... .... ..... ... .... 3
II. Definition ofthe Problems for the Analysis ..... ........ ........ ................... 7
l. Definition of test cases ..... .................... ....... ... .... .... ......... ...... ...... 7
2. ECARP data base: access rules and storage formats .............. 33
3. ECARP data base: visualization tools ....................................... 45
III. Contributions to the Resolution of the Data Workshop Test Cases.. 49
I. On the optimization of a wing-pylon-nacelle configuration .... SO
T. Fol, Aerospatiale Aircraft Business, Toulouse, France
2. Optimization oftransonic airfoils and wings ........................... 60
V. Selmin, Alenia Aeronautica, Torino, Italy
2.1 Optimization of transonic airfoils ............................. 60
2.2 Optimization of transonic wings ..... ... ..... ....... ..... ....... 64
3. Airfoil optimization using viscouslinviscid coupling code........ 80
J.M. Alonso, J.M. de la Viuda, A. Abbas, CASA, Getafe, Spain
4. Optimization of the wing-pylon-nacelle testcase TE5 by
HISSS-D, a panel method-based design tool............................ 99
L. Fomasier, Daimler-Benz Aerospace, Milnchen, Gennany
5. Design of a wing-pylon-nacelle configuration .......................... 110
H. Schwarten, Daimler-Benz Aerospace Airbus, Bremen, Gennany
6. Dassault contribution to the optimum design
ECARP project ........................................................................... 130
J. Periaux, B. Stouftlet, Dassault Aviation, st. Cloud, France
7. Geometry optimization ofairfoils by multi-point design ........ 141
K.-W. Bock, W. Haase, Dornier, Friedrichshafen, Gennany
8. Riblet optimization ..................................................................... 159
P. Le Tallec, INRIA, Rocquencourt, O. Pironneau
INRIA & Univ. Paris 6, France
Contents (continued) Page
9. Aerodynamic design of a M6 wing of transonic wing
using unstructured meshes ...................... ....... ............................ 201
A. Dervieux, N. Marco, J.-M. Male, INRIA Sophia Antipolis,
France
10. Part I. Single and two-point airfoil design using Euler
and Navier-Stokes equations ................................................... 211
Th.E. Labrujere, NLR, Amsterdam, Netherlands
10. Part II. Application of genetic algorithms to the design
of airfoil pressure distributions ............................................... 231
C.F.W. Hendriks, Th.E. Labrujere, NLR, Amsterdam, Netherlands
11. Design and optimization aspects of 2-D and quasi 3-D
configurations using an inverse Euler solver ........ ........... ....... 249
P. Chaviaropoulos, V. Dedoussis, K.D. Papailiou, NTUA Athens
12. Optimum aerodynamic shape design including mesh
adaptivitiy ................... ............................ ......... .......................... 263
G. Bugeda, E. Ofiate, UPC Barcelona, Spain
IV. Synthesis of Test Cases ........................................ ................. ................ 289
V. Conclusion and Perspectives ................................................................ 331
Part B: Navier Stokes Solution on MPP Computers .................. ................ 333
I. Introduction ........................................................ ............. ...................... 335
II. Definition of the Problems for the Analysis ...... .... .............................. 337
III. Contribution to the Resolution of the Data Workshop Test Cases ... 343
1. Flow computation for a NACA0012 with the parallel
Navier-Stokes Solver CGNS ........................... ...... ..................... 344
E.H. Hirschel, Daimler-Benz Aerospace, MUnchen, Germany
T. Michl, S. Wagner, lAG, University of Stuttgart
Contents (continued) Page
2. Massively parallel computers for Navier-Stokes solutions
on unstructured meshes ................ ........... ................................... 356
Q.V. Dinh, Dassault Aviation, St. Cloud, France
P. Leca, F.X. Roux, ONERA, Chatillon, France
3. Parallel computations on an IBM SP2 and SGI cluster ......... 362
P. Eliason, FFA, the Aeronautical Research Institute of Sweden,
Stockholm
3.1 Parallel computations on an IBM SP2 and an
SGI cluster for the NACA0012 airfoil ........................... 362
3.2 Parallel computations on an IBM SP2 for the
MW6 wing ....................................................................... 371
4. Contributions from INRIA to the test cases .... .................. ....... 375
S. Lanteri, INRIA Sophia Antipolis, France
4.1 TPI test case .................................................................... 375
4.2 TP2 test case ...................................................... .............. 388
5. Viscous flow computations using structured and
unstructured grids on the Intel-Paragon .................................. 404
D. Koubogiannis, K.c. Giannakoglou, K.D. Papailiou,
NTUA, Athens, Greece
6. Development of finite element algorithms for compressible
viscous flows for parallel SIMD machines ................................ 414
T. Fischer, G. Bugeda, UPC, Barcelona, Spain
7. Implementation of Navier-Stokes solvers on parallel
computers ........................................ ............. ............................... 429
F. Grasso, C. Pettinelli, Univ. Roma, Italy
8. Navier Stokes simulations on MIMD computers using the
EURANUS code .......................................................................... 441
C. Lacor, CH. Hirsch, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
IV. Synthesis of Test Cases ......................................................................... 451
V. Conclusion and Perspectives ................................................................ 463
Acknowledgements .......................... ..... ......................................................... 465
Annex: List of Partners and Addresses ..................... ......... ... ...................... 467
Part A: Numerical Optimization in
Aerodynamic Design