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K. Porsezian V.C. Kuriakose (Eds.)
Optical Solitons
Theoretical and Experimental Challenges
1 3
Editors
Dr.K.Porsezian Dr.V.C.Kuriakose
RamanSchoolofPhysics DepartmentofPhysics
PondicherryUniversity CochinUniversity
Kalapet ofScienceandTechnology
Pondicherry605014,India Kochi682022,India
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ISSN0075-8450
ISBN3-540-00155-7Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelbergNewYork
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Preface
Inthe21stCentury,informationtechnologywillbeessentialforrealizingaworld-
wide communication network. Optical transmission using a short optical pulse
train is a fundamental technology for achieving a high-speed and long distance
global network. Pulse propagation in optical fiber communication systems is af-
fectedbythefibernonlinearityevenatrelativelylowpowerlevels.Oneexample
of the action of nonlinearity is the formation of solitons in anomalous disper-
sion fibers. Among many optical transmission formats, an optical soliton, which
is created by balancing the anomalous group velocity dispersion with the fiber
nonlinearity,calledtheself-phasemodulation,offersgreatpotentialforrealizing
anadvancedopticaltransmissionsystem,sincethesolitonpulsecanmaintainits
waveform over long distances. An ideal soliton can exist only in a lossless fiber
withconstantdispersion.Interestinopticalsolitonshasgrownsteadilyinrecent
years. The field has considerable potential for technological applications, and it
presents many exciting research problems both from a fundamental and an ap-
plied point of view. Now, about a quarter of a century after the first theoretical
predictions of optical solitons, the industrial application of the optical soliton
concept is close to becoming reality in the booming field of modern telecom-
munications, where the demand for high-speed data transmission and routing is
constantlygrowing.However,allrealsystemshavelossesandvaryingdispersion,
which severely degrades the quality of the optical soliton pulse. Recent progress
in optical soliton technology has overcome these difficulties by introducing the
idea of dispersion compensation. Various technologies have arisen in the race
to move more bits of data faster and farther, with increasing reliability and
decreasing costs.
Solitons are one among many exciting new technologies emerging in optical
networking and they are poised to benefit the commercial ultra-long-haul all-
optical multi-terabit networks spanning distances up to many millions of kilo-
meters. It could well become one of the fundamental technologies in the current
communication revolution. Solitons are localized nonlinear waves having stable
propertieswhichallowthemtopropagateverylongdistanceswithlittlechange.
New optical devices are in various stages of development: Soliton information
processing is the most advanced one. In the last decade, many distinguished
physicists and mathematicians have contributed to the relevant research. How-
ever, to a large extent the various communities involved – engineers, physicists
and mathematicians – still operate within their own boundaries. One of the
VI Preface
purposes of this volume is to feature articles that bring together different per-
spectives, with the hope of stimulating future interaction between researchers
with different backgrounds. Reflecting the importance of optical solitons in fu-
ture technologies, in this book, we include articles written by eminent scientists
in the field. To reach a diversified audience, a pool of internationally renowned
scientists has generously contributed articles treating the different aspects of
soliton engineering that they have mastered. The editors wish to thank them
warmly for devoting their valuable time to the preparation of these articles.
We believe that we have covered a majority emerging areas of optical solitons
and their applications. We are happy to bring out this volume, a compilation
of articles from experts, and hope that the reader will come to appreciate the
importanceofopticalsolitonsandotherrelatedopticaldevicesinfuturecommu-
nication systems. We acknowledge with thanks the editorial help of Dr.Angela
Lahee, Editor, Springer-Verlag.
WeareverygratefultoProf.M.Lakshmananforthehelpandencouragement
we received from him in bringing out this volume. Finally, our thanks go to
Dr.T. Ramesh Babu, R. Ganapathy, K. Senthil Nathan, Minu Joy, M.N. Vinoj,
C. Ramesh Kumar, C.D. Ravikumar and D. Vijay for their help in the process
of editing of the book.
Pondicherry and Kochi K. Porsezian
October 2002 V.C. Kuriakose
Table of Contents
Introduction
K. Porsezian, V.C. Kuriakose ....................................... 1
Optical Soliton Theory
and Its Applications in Communication
A. Hasegawa ...................................................... 9
Linear and Nonlinear Propagation Effects in Optical Fibers
K. Thyagarajan.................................................... 33
Nonlinear Waves in Optical Waveguides
and Soliton Theory Applications
S.B. Leble......................................................... 71
Solitons Around Us:
Integrable, Hamiltonian and Dissipative Systems
N.N. Akhmediev, A. Ankiewicz ...................................... 105
System Analysis
Using the Split Operator Method
K.J. Blow......................................................... 127
Multicomponent Higher Order Bright Soliton Solutions
and Shape Changing Collisions
in Coupled Nonlinear Schr¨odinger Equations
M. Lakshmanan, T. Kanna.......................................... 141
Mathematical Modelling
in Fiber and Waveguide Grating Structures
A.B. Aceves ....................................................... 165
Theory of Gap Solitons in Short Period Gratings
S. Trillo, C. Conti ................................................. 185
Impact of Stimulated Raman Scattering
in High-Speed Long-Distance Transmission Lines
P.T. Dinda, A. Labruyere, K. Nakkeeran.............................. 207
VIII Table of Contents
Quasi-linear Optical Pulses in Dispersion Managed Fibers:
Propagation and Interaction
M.J. Ablowitz, T. Hirooka........................................... 227
Bi-Soliton Propagating in Dispersion-Managed System and Its
Application to High Speed and Long Haul Optical Transmission
A. Maruta, T. Inoue, Y. Nonaka, Y. Yoshika.......................... 247
Optical Fiber Soliton Lasers
G.E. Town, N.N. Akhmediev, J.M. Soto-Crespo........................ 265
Nonlinear Phenomena with Ultra-Broadband Optical Radiation
in Photonic Crystal Fibers and Hollow Waveguides
A. Husakou, V.P. Kalosha, J. Herrmann ............................. 299
Experimental Study of Modulational Instability
and Vector Solitons in Optical Fibers
G. Millot, S. Pitois, J.M. Dudley, M. Haelterman...................... 327
Self-structuration of Three-Wave Dissipative Solitons
in CW-Pumped Backward Optical Parametric Oscillators
C. Montes ........................................................ 353
Spatial Semiconductor-Resonator Solitons
V.B. Taranenko, C.O. Weiss ........................................ 373
Propagation and Diffraction
of Picosecond Acoustic Wave Packets in the Soliton Regime
O.L. Muskens, J.I. Dijkhuis ......................................... 391
List of Contributors
M.J. Ablowitz C. Conti
Department of Applied Mathematics INFM-RM3, Via della
University of Colorado at Boulder Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
Boulder, CO 80309-0526, USA [email protected]
[email protected]
A.B. Aceves J.I. Dijkhuis
Department of Mathematics and Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics
Statistics Debye Institute, University of Utrecht
University of New Mexico P.O. Box 80 000, 3508 TA
Albuquerque, NM 87131 Utrecht, Netherlands
[email protected] [email protected]
N.N. Akhmediev
Optical Sciences Centre P.T. Dinda
Research School of Physical Sciences Laboratoire de Physique
and Engineering de l’Universit´e de Bourgogne
Institute of Advanced Studies UMR CNRS No. 5027, Av.A. Savary
Australian National University B.P. 47 870, 21078 Dijon C´edex,
Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia France
[email protected] Patrice.Tchofo-Dinda
@u-bourgogne.fr
A. Ankiewicz
Optical Sciences Centre
Research School of Physical Sciences J.M. Dudley
and Engineering Laboratoire d’Optique P.M. Duffieux
Institute of Advanced Studies Universit´e de Franche-Comt´e, 25030
Australian National University Besan¸con, France
Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia [email protected]
[email protected]
K.J. Blow M. Haelterman
Aston University Service d’Optique et Acoustique
Aston Triangle Universit´e Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050
Birmingham, B4 7ET,UK Bruxelles, Belgium
[email protected] [email protected]
X List of Contributors
A. Hasegawa Tiruchirapalli 620 024, India
Himeji Dokkyo University [email protected]
and Soliton Communications
43, 19-1 Awataguchi Sanjobocho
V.C. Kuriakose
Higashiyama, Japan
Department of Physics
[email protected]
Cochin University of Science and
Technology, Kochi-682 022, India
J. Herrmann
[email protected]
Max Born Institute for Nonlinear
Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy
Max-Born-Str. 2a, D-12489 Berlin A. Labruyere
Germany Laboratoire de physique
[email protected] de l’Universit´e de Bourgogne
UMR CNRS No. 5027, Av.A. Savary
T. Hirooka B.P. 47 870, 21078 Dijon
Department of Applied Mathematics C´edex, France
University of Colorado at Boulder [email protected]
Boulder, CO 80309-0526, USA
[email protected]
M. Lakshmanan
Centre for Nonlinear Dynamics
A. Husakou
Department of Physics
Max Born Institute for Nonlinear
Bharathidasan University
Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy
Tiruchirapalli 620 024, India
Max-Born-Str. 2a, D-12489 Berlin
[email protected]
Germany
[email protected]
S.B. Leble
T. Inoue Faculty of Applied Physics and
GraduateSchoolofEngineeringOsaka Mathematics, Technical University
University of Gdansk ul G Narutowicza, 11/12
2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 80-952 Gdansk-Wrzeszcz, Poland
565-0871, Japan [email protected]
[email protected].
osaka-u.ac.jp
A. Maruta
Graduate School of Engineering
V.P. Kalosha
Osaka University
Max Born Institute for Nonlinear
2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita
Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy
Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
Max-Born-Str. 2a, D-12489 Berlin
[email protected]
Germany
[email protected]
G. Millot
T. Kanna Laboratoire de Physique
Centre for Nonlinear Dynamics de l’Universit´e de Bourgogne
Department of Physics 21078 Dijon, France
Bharathidasan University [email protected]
