Table Of ContentOptical Particle
Sizing
Theory and Practice
Optical Particle
Sizing
Theory and Practice
Edited by
Gerard Gouesbet and
Gerard Greban
INSA de Rouen
CNRS Associated Laboratory 230
Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
Springer Science+B usiness Media, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Optica! partide sizing: theory and practice 1 edited by Gerard Gouesbet and Gerard
Grehan.
p. cm.
"Proceedings of an international symposium on Optica! Partide Sizing: Theory and
Practice, held May 12-15, 1987, in Rouen, France"-T.p. verso.
Indudes bibliographies and index.
ISBN978-1-4419-3208-2 ISBN 978-1-4757-1983-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-1983-3
1. Partide size determination-Congresses. 2. Partides-Optical properties
Congresses. 1. Gouesbet, Gerard. Il. Grehan, Gerard. TA418.8.076 1987
620'.43-dc19 87-29148
CIP
Proceedings of an international symposium on Optica! Partide Sizing:
Theory and Practice, held May 12-15, 1987, in Rouen, France
© 1988 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Orginally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1988
Softcover reprint oftbe bardcover 1st edition 1988
Ali rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
Optical particle s1z1ng is undoubtedly a fascinating field of
research of the utmost practical importance. In the Universe fluids are
nearly everywhere, and when they occur they almost invariably contain
particles. Inside our bodies we can take the example of blood
transporting a vi tal procession of red and white cells. Around us, we
can find various particles in the air we breathe, bubbles in the
champagne or the soda we drink, or natural and artificial (polluting!)
particles in the lakes we swim in. Industrial processes and systems are
also concerned with particles, from pulverized coal flames to fluidized
beds, in a range of applications involving rocket exhausts, pneuma tic
transport and more generally the infinite realm of mul tiphase
situations. Such an obviously vast field would require a whole volume
like this one merely to attempt to describe it superficially. To be
sure, we would need a scientific Prevert to catalogue such an endless
inventory. Finally, even outside our terrestrial spaceship particles can
be detected in alien atmospheres or between stars.
Theorists will enjoy analyzing the richness of light/particle
interact.ion, a subject which is very far from being exhausted.
Experimental researchers will love designing and studying various
probing instruments with a laser source at the input and a computer at
the output, two requisites of today' s technological revolution. Others
will be fond of using these instruments to learn and to understand the
behavior of various systems in industrial processes or geophysical flows
or to assimilate the theories needed to probe remote astrophysical
situations. The organization of the Rouen Conference adhered to the
above filiation, from theory to applications, via measurement
techniques.
The aim was to bring together for four days experts on the theory
of light scattering and the optical sizing of particles in order to
emphasize the most significant advances, spread new knowledge and
outline future developments. This symposium was motivated by the
increasing interest in the field, thus requiring the sharing of mutual
experience between scientists working in various areas of physics.
Plenary lectures and formal presentations were given, and posters
displayed during the whole conference. This volume contains the papers
which were presented.
As an editor of these proceedings, I was given the privilege (and
the responsibility) of writing this preface. However, my main
contribution to the conference had been simply to throw out the initial
idea of holding it. It would therefore not have been possible without
the help of numerous organizations and individuals whom I warmly thank.
v
Financial support and scientific sponsorship came from
Conseil Regional de Haute-Normandie
Direction des Recherches Etudes et Techniques
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Institut National des Sciences Appliquees de Rouen
Universite de Haute-Normandie
Chambre de Commerce et de l'Industrie
GAMS/COFERA
Optical Society of America
Societe Frangaise d'Optique
Each of the numerous proposed abstracts was first reviewed by two
members of the Advisory Committee, consisting of :
Dr. L.P. Bayvel Prof. S.S. Lee
Dr. N. Chigier Dr. Ing. B. RUck
Prof. D.F.G. Durao Prof. C. Sorensen
Prof. S.E. Elgobashi Prof. D.E. Stock
Vice Pres. W.M. Farmer Prof. J. Swithenbank
Prof. E.D. Hirleman Dr. H.C. Van De Hulst
Dr. Ing. R. Kleine Prof. J.H. Whitelaw
Dr. J. Lahaye Dr. M.L. Yeoman
Prof. M. Ledoux
Then, relying on these reviews, the Scientific Committee members
Prof. C.F. Bohren Dr. A.R. Jones
Prof. F. Durst Prof. M. Kerker
Prof. G. Gouesbet Dr. G. Madelaine
Prof. c. Imbert Prof. M. Maeda
were responsible for the final decision of acceptance. Because of the
large number of abstracts received, and their overall high quality,
selection was a difficult task. I particularly thank all the committee
members who undertook to fulfill this task. A large number of papers
were unfortunately not accepted, not because they were found to be poor,
but merely because of the limited time available for presentations. I
must apologize for these rejections and acknowledge that the authors of
the rejected papers had their share in the success of this conference.
Special thanks should also be extended to the authors of the
plenary lectures (M. Kerker, F. Durst, S. Galant) who introduced the
first three days of the conference. A.R. Jones should be warmly
commended for having performed the formidable task of compiling all the
papers, and getting the gist of them to provide us with a concluding
plenary lecture.
Besides the assistance of the Scientific Committee and the
Advisory Commit tee members, the organization of the symposium was made
possible thanks to F. Aubry, P. Bied, A. Fouquer, M. Grebonval,
G. Grehan, T. Lecordier, M. Ledoux, M.O. Monnet and A. Souillard. I am
particularly indebted to my collaborator G. Grehan (CNRS) and to P. Bied
(INSCIR student), who carried out a lot of the work of organizing the
scientific program and the social events, and helped me with the large
amount of mailing which was necessary in preparing for the conference.
I would also like to express my friendly gratitude to
P. Valentin, head of the Rauen INSA, who helped us solve the numerous
problems that anyone trying to organize a conference is inevitably faced
with in those unexpected encounters of the third kind.
vi
Finally, while gathering the advisory committee, I was shocked to
learn that Diran Deirmendjian died suddenly on the 15th june 1986. He is
well known by all people working in the field of light scattering. His
famous book entitled 'Electromagnetic Scattering on Spherical
Polydispersions', published in 1969 by American Elsevier, New York,
deserves a privileged place in the bokshelf of anyone working in that
field. In agreement with his friends and colleagues, this symposium is
dedicated to his memory.
Prof. G. GOUESBET
~i
CONTENTS
Light Scattering Theory a Progress Report ......................... . 1
M. Kerker
Mie Scattering Near the Critical Angle ............................... 17
N. Fiedler-Ferrari and H.M. Nussenzveig
Scattering of a Gaussian Beam by a Sphere Using
a Bromwich Formulation : Case of an Arbitrary
Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
G. Gouesbet, B. Maheu, and G. Grehan
Effects of Particle Nonsphericity on Light-Scattering 43
P.W. Barber and S.C. Hill
Particle Sizing by Inversion of Extinction Data ...................... 55
M. Bertero, C. de Mol, and E.R. Pike
Small Angle Light Scattering Patterns from Micrometer-Sized
Spheroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
J.C. Ravey
Laser Beam Scattering by Individual Spherical Particles :
Numerical Results and Application to Optical Sizing 63
B. Maheu, G. Grehan, and G. Gouesbet
Extraction of Polydispersity Information in Photon
Correlation Spectroscopy ....................................... 89
M. Bertero, P. Boccacci, C. de Mol, and E.R. Pike
Particle Size Distributions from Fraunhofer Diffraction 99
M. Bertero, P. Boccacci, C. de Mol, and E.R. Pike
Calculation of Calibration Curves for the Phase Doppler
Technique : Comparison between Mie Theory and
Geometrical Optics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
S.A.M. Al-Chalabi, Y. Hardalupas, A.R. Jones,
and A.M.K.P. Taylor
Particle Sizing of Polydisperse Samples by Mie-Scattering ............ 121
0. Glatter and M. Hofer
Optimal Scaling of the Inverse Fraunhofer Diffraction
Particle Sizing Problem : The linear System
Produced by Quadrature ......................................... 135
E.D. Hirleman
ix
Optimal Filtering Applied to the Inversion of the Laplace
Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 147
D.A. Ross
Modeling of Multiple Scattering Effects in Fraunhofer
Diffraction Particle Size Analysis ............................ 159
E.D. Hirleman
LDV-Signals-Analysis for Particle Velocity and Size
Detection Using Geometrical Optics ............................ 177
T. Borner and L. Zhan
Employment of Light Scattering Information to Lay
out Optical Measuring Systems for Measurements
of Particle Properties ........................................ 193
F. Durst
Measurements of Particle Asymmetry Using Cross-Correlation
Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
J .G. Rarity
Lambda Depression/Overlay Histogram Analysis of
Poly (Acrylate) as a Function of Added Salt 229
K.S. Schmitz and J-W. Yu
Measurement of Small Polydispersities by Photon
Correlation Spectroscopy ...................................... 241
P.N. Pusey and W. Van Megen
Optical Extinction Spectra of Systems of Small Metal
Particles with Aggregates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
M. Quinten and U. Kreibig
Particle Sizing of Soot in Flat Premixed Hydrocarbon
Oxygen Flames by Light Scattering ............................. 259
H. Bockhorn, F. Fetting, A. Heddrich, U. Meyer,
and G. Wannemacher
An Instrument to Measure the Size, Velocity and
Concentration of Particles in a Flow .. ~ ....................... 271
C.F. Hess and F. Li
The Phase Doppler Method Analysis and Application ................. 283
W.D. Bachalo
Fraunhofer Diffraction by Random Irregular Particles ................ 301
A.R. Jones
Application of the Shifrin Inversion to the Malvern
Particle Sizer . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
L.P. Bayvel, J.C. Knight, and G.N. Robertson
Measurement of Size Distribution in Dense Particle Fields ........... 321
A.A. Hamidi and J. Swithenbank
Particle Sizing by Laser Light Diffraction
Improvements in Optics and Algorithms 335
D. Kouzelis, S.M. Candel, E. Esposito,
and S. Zikikout
X
Shape, Concentration and Anomalous Diffraction Effects
in Sizing Solids in Liquids .................................. 351
D.J. Brown, E.J. Weatherby, and K. Alexander
Scattered Light Particle Size Counting Analysis
Influence of Shape and Structure.............................. 363
M. Bottlinger and H. Umhauer
Visible Infra-Red Double Extinction Measurements
in Densely Laden Media, New Progress.......................... 371
G. Gouesbet, P. Gougeon, J.N. Le Toulouzan,
M. Thioye, and J.B. Guidt
Observations of Elastic Angular Scattering from
Oriented Single Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
J.D. Eversole, H.B. Lin, and A.J. Campillo
Effect of Particle Shape on the Response of Single
Particle Optical Counters..................................... 393
J. Gebhart and A. Anselm
Forward Scattering Signature of a Spherical Particle
Crossing a Laser Beam out of the Beam Waist .................. 411
J.P. Chevaillier, J. Fabre, P. Hamelin, and J.L. Lesne
Effects of Shape and Orientation to be Considered for
Optical Particle Sizing....................................... 419
R.T. Killinger and R.H. Zerull
Application of Top-Hat Laser Beam to Particle Sizing
in LDV System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
M. Maeda and K. Hishida
Size and Velocity Measurements of Spherical Particles
in Multiphase Flows and the Prediction of
Absolute Particle Concentrations ............................. 443
K. Bauckhage, H-H. Flogel, and F. Schone
An LDA Gating Technique for Bubble Measurement in
Dilute Three-Phase Suspension Flows •......................... 455
S.L. Lee, Y.Z. Cheng, and Z.H. Yang
Light Scattering by Dust Particles : Experimental Results .......... 465
P. Bliek and P. Lamy
Optical Particle Sizing : Digital Video Image
Processing Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 1
G. Lavergne, Y. Biscos, F. Bismes, and P. Hebrard
The Direct Comparison of Three 'In-Flight' Droplet
Sizing Techniques for Pesticide Spray Research 483
B.W. Young and W.D. Bachalo
An application of an Optical Particle Sizing Method
to the Study of the Evaporation of Droplets
Diffusing in a Turbulent Flow ................................. 499
H. Burnage and S.J. Yoon
xi
