Opioids II

862 Pages·1993·39.18 MB·English

by  H. L. Fields (auth.)

Handbook of
Experimental Pharmacology
Volume 1041//
Editorial Board
G.V.R. Born. London
P. Cuatrecasas. Ann Arbor, MI
H. Herken. Berlin
Opioids I I
Contributors
M.W. Adler, O.F.X. Almeida, P.L. Bailey, A.J. Bertalmio
RJ. Bicknell, H.U. Bryant, T.F. Burks, C. Castellano, S.G. Cella
G. Comitini, S.J. Cooper, A. Cowan, A.1. Faden, H.L. Fields
J. Florez, K.M. Foley, C.P. France, E.B. Geller, A.R. Genazzani
A.B. Grossman, Ji-Sheng Han, J.W. Holaday, A. Hurle
LB. Introini-Collison, D.L. Kilpatrick, T.C. Kirkham, W. Kromer
V. Locatelli, J.L. McGaugh, L. McLoughlin, S. Medbak
M.J. Millan, E.E. Miiller, D. Naber, F. Nyberg, C.P. O'Brien
F. Petraglia, F. Porreca, R Przewlocki, R Schulz
K. Schwarz-Stevens, T.S. Shippenberg, C. Stein, F.C. Tortella
E.L. Way, G. Winger, J.H. Woods, T.L. Yaksh
Editor: Albert Herz
Section Editors: H. Akil and E.J. Simon
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris
Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest
Professor Dr.med. ALBERT HERZ
Max-Planck-Institut fUr Psychiatrie
Abteilung Neuropharmakologie
Am Klopferspitz 18
W-8033 Martinsried, FRG
Dr.med. HUDA AKIL
Mental Health Research Institute
School of Medicine
University of Michigan
205 Zina Pitcher
Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Dr.med. ERIC J. SIMON
New York University
Medical Center
School of Medicine
550 First Avenue
New York, NY 10016, USA
With 40 Figures and 45 Tables
ISBN-13 :978-3-642-77542-0 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-77540-6
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-77540-6
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data (Revised for volume 2) Opioids. (Handbook of
experimental pharmacology; v. 104) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Opioids. 2.
Opioids-Receptors. I. Akil, H. (Huda) II. Herz, Albert, 1921-. III. Simon, Eric 1. IV. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Endorphins 2. Receptors, Endorphin. WI HA51L v. 104 I QU 68 0603 QP905.H3 vol.
104 615'.ls 92-2325 [RM328) [615'.78) ISBN-13:978-3-642-77542-0
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1993
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993
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List of Contributors
ADLER, M.W., Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of
Medicine, 3420 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
ALMEIDA, O.F.X., Max-Planck-Institut fUr Psychiatrie, Deutsche
Forschungsanstalt fur Psychiatrie, Klinisches Institut, Kraepelinstr. 10,
W-8000 Munchen 40, FRG
BAILEY, P.L., Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of
Medicine, 50 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 48132, USA
BERTALMIO, A.J., Department of Pharmacology, M6322 Medical Science
Building I, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
48109-0626, USA
BICKNELL, R.J., Department of Neurobiology, AFRC Institute of Animal
Physiology & Genetics Research, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT,
Great Britain
BRYANT, H.U., Department of Immunology, Pulmonary and Leukotriene
Research, Eli Lilly and Co., Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN
46285, USA
BURKS, T.F., Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health
Sciences Center, Houston, TX 77225, USA
CASTELLANO, c., Istituto di Psicobologia e Psicofarmacologia del CNR, Via
Reno 1, 1-00198 Rome, Italy
CELLA, S.G., Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Chemioterapia e Tossicologia
Medica, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 1-20129
Milano, Italia
COMmNI, G., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Modena, School of Medicine, Via del Pozzo 71,1-41100 Modena, Italy
COOPER, S.J., Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, School of Psychology,
University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, Great
Britain
COWAN, A., Department of Pharmacology, Temple University, School of
. Medicine, 3420 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
VI List of Contributors
FADEN, A.I., Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, Georgetown
University, School of Medicine, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington,
DC 20007, USA
FIELDS, H.L., Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of
California, M-794, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
FL6REZ, J., Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Division of
Pharmacology University of Cantabria, Avda. C. Herrera Oria sin,
E-39011 Santander, Spain
FOLEY, K.M., Cornell University Medical College, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, Pain Service, Department of Neurology, 1275
York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
FRANCE, C.P., Department of Pharmacology and Experimental
Therapeutics, LSU Medical Center, 1100 Florida Avenue, New
Orleans, LA 70119, USA
GELLER, E.B., Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of
Medicine, 3420 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
GENAZZANI, A.R., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Modena, School of Medicine, Via del Pozzo, 71, 1-41100 Modena, Italy
GROSSMAN, A.B., Department of Endocrinology, St. Bartholomew's
Hospital and Medical College, St. Bartholomew's Centre for Clinical
Research, 51-53 St. Bartholomew's Close, West Smithfield, London
EC1A 7BE, USA
HAN, JI-SHENG, Department of Physiology, Beijing Medical University,
Beijing 100083, China
HOLADAY, J.W., Medicis Corporation, 100 East 42nd Street, 15th Floor,
New York, NY 10017, USA
HURLE, A., Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Division of
Pharmacology University of Cantabria, Avda. C. Herrera Oria sin,
E-39011 Santander, Spain
INTROINI-COLLISON, LB., Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and
Memory, Bonney Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92727,
USA
KILPATRICK, D.L., Worcester Foundation, 222 Maple Avenue, Shrewsbury,
MA 01545, USA
KIRKHAM, T.C., Edward W. Bourne Behavioral Research Laboratory,
Department of Psychiatry, The New York Hospital, Cornell Medical
Center, 21 Bloomingdale Road, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
List of Contributors VII
KROMER, W., Byk Gulden Lomberg GmbH, Pharmakologische Abteilung,
Byk-Gulden-Str. 2, W-7750 Konstanz, FRG
LOCATELLI, V., Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Chemioterapia e Tossicologia
Medica, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 1-20129
Milano, Italia
MCGAUGH, J.L., Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory and
Department of Psychobiology, Bonney Center, University of California,
Irvine, CA 92717, USA
McLOUGHLIN, L., Department of Chemical Endocrinology, St.
Bartholomew's Hospital and Medical College, St. Bartholomew's
Centre for Clinical Research, 51-53 Bartholomew Close, West
Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, Great Britain
MEDBAK, S., Department of Chemical Endocrinology, St. Bartholomew's
Hospital and Medical College, St. Bartholomew's Centre for Clinical
Research, 51-53 Bartholomew Close, West Smithfield, London EC1A
7BE, Great Britain
MILLAN, M.J., Fondax, I.D.R., Groupe de Recherche Servier, 7, Rue
Ampere, F-92800 Puteaux, France
MULLER, E.E., Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Chemioterapia e Tossicologia
Medica, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 1-20129
Milano, Italia
NABER, D., Psychiatrische Klinik, Universitat Munchen, NuBbaumstr. 7,
W-8000 Munchen 2, FRG
NYBERG, F., Department of Pharmacology, University of Uppsala, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Husargatan 3, P.O. Box 591, S-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
O'BRIEN, C.P., Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, VA
Medical Center, 3900 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6178,
USA
PETRAGLIA, F., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Modena, School of Medicine, Via del Pozzo, 71, 1-41100 Modena, Italy
PORRECA, F., Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona Health
Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
PRZEWLOCKI, R., Neuropeptides Research Department, Institute of
Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, PL-31-
343 Krakow, Poland
SCHULZ, R., Institut fur Pharmakologie, Toxikologie und Pharmazie,
Koniginstr. 16, W-8000 Munchen 22, FRG
VIII List of Contributors
SCHWARZ-STEVENS, K., Department of Pharmacology, University of
Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0626, USA
SHIPPENBERG, T.S., Abteilung fUr Neuropharmakologie, Max-Planck-Institut
fur Psychiatrie, Am Klopferspitz 18a, W-8033 Martinsried, FRG.
Present address: Alcohol Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administra
tion, N.I.D.A. / Addiction Research Center, P.O. Box 5180, Baltimore,
MD 21224, USA
STEIN, c., Abteilung fUr Anasthesiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat,
Klinikum GroBhadern, W-8000 Miinchen 70, und Abteilung fur
Neuropharmakologie, Max-Planck-Institut fUr Psychiatrie, W-8033
Martinsried, FRG. Present address: Department of Anesthesiology and
Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe
Street, Osler 304, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
TORTELLA, F. c., Neuropharmacology Branch, Department of Medical
Neurosciences, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington,
DC 20307, USA
WAY, E.L., 1210 Medical Sciences Building, University of California at San
Francisco, CA 94143-0450, USA
WINGER, G., Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical
School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0626, USA
WOODS, J.H., Departments of Pharmacology and Psychology, M6322
Medical Science Building I, University of Michigan Medical School,
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0626, USA
YAKSH, T.L., University of California, San Diego, Department of
Anesthesiology, 0818, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0818,
USA
HANS KOSTERLITZ
Dedication
It is a great pleasure to dedicate this volume to Professor HANS KOSTERLITZ,
of the University of Aberdeen, Scotland. Professor KOSTERLITZ is un
doubtedly one of the leaders in the opioid field, whose scientific vision has
exerted a significant impact on the development of this field of research. His
career represents a lifetime of successful and important research, which
culminated after his official retirement, when he and his colleague, Dr.
JOHN HUGHES, along with a dynamic scientific team, discovered the first
endogenous opioid peptides, the enkephalins.
Dr. KOSTERLITZ received his M.D. degree in 1928 from the University of
Berlin and worked in that medical school until 1933. He then decided to
leave Germany and took a position in the Physiology Department at the
University of Aberdeen, where Nobel laureate J.J .R. MACLEOD held the
chair. His research on carbohydrate metabolism bore fruit in 1937 when he
isolated galactose-1-phosphate, an important intermediate in the conversion
of galactose to glucose in the liver. In 1968, Dr. KOSTERLITZ was appointed
to the newly created chair of pharmacology. In 1973, he retired at the age of
70 and became professor emeritus. The same year he was named director of
a new laboratory established at the University of Aberdeen, called the Unit
for Research on Addictive Drugs.
Starting in the 1940s his research increasingly began to reflect his inter
est in neuroscience and particularly in the mode of action of morphine and
related narcotic analgesics. In the early 1950s, he demonstrated that the
isolated guinea pig ileum is an excellent bioassay system for these drugs. In
spite of ridicule by scientists who felt that any work not directly concerned
with the central nervous system was irrelevant, he persisted. In extensive
and thorough research, he clearly demonstrated the usefulness of in vitro
bioassay systems for the study of opiates. His laboratory has developed
several bioassay systems in addition to the guinea pig ileum. These include
the mouse vas deferens and, more recently, the hamster and rat vas deferens
systems, all of which are now used throughout the world for the assay and
differentiation of the various types of opioid receptors.
It was also the use of the in vitro systems that permitted HANS
KOSTERLITZ and his young collaborators, most notably JOHN HUGHES, to
isolate from pig brain the first endogenous peptides with opiate-like activity
in 1975, which they named methionine- and leucine enkephalin. This was a
XII Dedication
major discovery which catalyzed major advances in the field of neuropeptide
research, an area which has since become one of the most active in neuro
science. It is of interest that this discovery was made two years after Dr.
KOSTERLlTZ' official retirement.
Professor KOSTERLITZ continued his work on opioids, focusing on the
mechanism of release of enkephalins and on the multiplicity of opioid
receptors. His wide ranging interests have encompassed almost every level
of study of endogenous opioids, from physical structure, pharmacology,
regulation, to overall physiological functions. It is, therefore, fitting that this
volume, which attempts to cover the multiple levels of discourse in the study
of endogenous opioids, be dedicated to him.
Looking back at Professor KOSTERLlTZ' career, one is struck by two
remarkable characteristics: First, he has changed his areas of scientific interest
more than once, and the changes have not been minor (e.g. from carbo
hydrate metabolism to endogenous opioids), and second, he made signi
ficant and lasting contributions in each of these fields.
To have altered the course of research in one area is a feat and an
honor, yet to have done so repeatedly is a sign of true scientific genius.
Interestingly, Professor KOSTERLITZ attributes 1 his success to the very fact
that he changed his research interests during the course of his career, a
process which he says suited him "temperamentally." Dr. KOSTERLITZ
asserts that "such a change creates a challenge to become familiar with new
concepts and then try to compete as a newcomer." While this may create
"worrisome complications," he believes that the difficulties "are helpful in
postponing the inevitable losses in flexibility and adaptability."
We can think of no one who better exemplifies these characteristics than
Professor KOSTERLITZ. We hope that this volume will inspire similarly fresh
and novel ideas among its readers.
The Editors
IFrom H.W. KOSTERLITZ (1979) The best laid schemes 0' mice an' men gang aft
agley. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 19:1-12.