Operations Research in the Airline Industry

491 Pages·1998·31.83 MB·English

by  Michael F. Argüello

OPERATIONS RESEARCH
IN THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY
INTERNATIONAL SERIES IN
OPERATIONS RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
Frederick S. Hillier, Series Editor
Department of Engineering-Economic Systems and
Operations Research
Stanford University
Stanford, California
Saigal, Romesh
The University of Michigan
LINEAR PROGRAMMING: A Modem Integrated Analysis
Nagurney, Anna/ Zhang, Ding
University of Massachusetts @ Amherst
PROJECTED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS AND VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES
WITH A PPLICA TIONS
Padberg, Manfred/ Rijal, Minendra P.
New York University
LOCATION, SCHEDULING, DESIGN AND INTEGER
PROGRAMMING
Vanderbei, Robert J.
Princeton University
LINEAR PROGRAMMING: Foundations and Extensions
Jaiswal, N.K.
Ministry of Defense, INDIA
MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH: Quantitative Decision Making
Gal, Tomas / Greenberg, Harvey J.
FernUniversität Hagen/ University of Colorado @ Denver
ADVANCES IN SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS AND PARAMETRIC PROGRAMMING
Prabhu, N.U.
Cornell University
FOUNDATIONS OF QUEUEING THEORY
Fang, S.-C./Rajasekera, J.R./ Tsao, H.-S.J.
North Carolina State/ Int'l. University of Japan/ University of California
ENTROPY OPTIMIZATION AND MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
IN THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY
EDITED BY
Gang YU
University of Texas at Austin
Austin, Texas, U.S.A.
W
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Operations research in the airline industry / edited by Gang Yu.
p. cm. ~ (International series in operations research &
management science; 9)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4613-7513-5 ISBN 978-1-4615-5501-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-5501-8
1. Airlines-Management. 2. Airlines-Timetables. 3. Air traffic
control. 4. Aeronautics, Commercial. 5. Operations research.
I. Yu, Gang. II. Series.
HE9781.063 1998
387.7'0685-dc21 97-35539
CIP
Copyright © 1998 by Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1998
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998
Fourth Printing 2002.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo
copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the
publisher, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Printed on acid-free paper.
This printing is a digital duplication of the original edition.
CONTENTS
PREFACE xiii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xix
1 MODELS AND METHODS FOR MANAGING
AIRLINE IRREGULAR OPERATIONS
Michael F. Arguello, Jonathan F. Bard, and Gang Yu 1
1 Introduction 2
2 Problem Definition 5
3 Mathematical Representation 7
4 Time-Band Approximation 17
5 Randomized Search Heuristic 29
6 Preliminary Results 35
7 Conclusions 42
REFERENCES 44
2 A LARGE-SCALE NEURAL NETWORK FOR
AIRLINE FORECASTING IN REVENUE
MANAGEMENT
Xiaoyun (Sherry) Sun, Erik Brauner, and Sharon Homby 46
1 Introduction 46
2 Choosing a Forecasting Model 48
3 The Specific Problem Statement 51
4 The BANKET Approach 52
5 BANKET Performance and Implementation 61
6 Conclusion 64
REFERENCES 65
VI OPERATIONS RESEARCH IN THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY
3 A TUTORIAL ON OPTIMIZATION IN THE
CONTEXT OF PERISHABLE-ASSET REVENUE
MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS FOR THE
AIRLINE INDUSTRY
Lawrence R. Weatherford 68
1 Definition and Taxonomy of Perishable Asset Revenue Man-
agement Problems 69
2 Taxonomy 72
3 Seat Allocation Decisions for the Fare Classes 82
4 Overbooking 85
5 Heuristics that Deal with Customer Diversion or Sell-up 86
6 Single Flight Leg vs. Network Origin and Destination Approach 87
7 Optimal Pricing 94
8 Summary 97
REFERENCES 98
4 A SELECTIVE MULTICOMMODITY
NETWORK FLOW ALGORITHM FOR AIR
TRAFFIC CONTROL
Marcia P. Helme 101
1 Introduction 101
2 Problem Description 102
3 Assumptions of the Basic Space-Time Network Model 108
4 Solution Method 114
5 Conclusions 121
REFERENCES 121
5 A METHOD FOR OPTIMALLY SOLVING THE
ROSTERING PROBLEM
Michel Gamache and Fran~ois Soumis 124
1 INTRODUCTION 125
2 The Rostering Problem 127
3 Proposed Model 131
4 Computational Performance of the Algorithm 140
5 Productivity and Solution Quality 149
REFERENCES 155
Contents vn
6 AN APPROACH FOR JUST-IN-TIME AIRLINE
SCHEDULING
Ira GershkoJJ 158
1 The Unsung Cost Problem 158
2 Airline Demand Economics 161
3 Approach to Just-in-Time Scheduling 164
4 Implementation Problems 178
5 Strategic Benefits of JIT Capacity Adjustments 181
6 Setting Up a Just-in-Time Scheduling Operation 184
7 Conclusions 187
7 AIRCRAFT GROUND MOVEMENT
SIMULATION
Dennis F.X. Mathaisel and Husni !dris 189
1 Background 190
2 The GMS Host 193
3 Human Interfaces 212
4 The GMS Graphics Display 218
5 Underlying Network for Taxiways and Runways 221
6 Modes of Operation 225
7 Hardware and Software Considerations 226
REFERENCES 226
8 CREW PAIRING OPTIMIZATION
Erik Andersson, Efthymios Housos, Niklas Kohl, and Dag Wede/in 228
1 Introduction to Crew Pairing Optimization 229
2 Review of Existing Optimization Methods 233
3 The Carmen Pairing Construction System 244
4 Practical Experience with the Carmen System 253
5 Conclusions and Future Developments 256
REFERENCES 256
9 A DECISION SUPPORT FRAMEWORK FOR
CREW MANAGEMENT DURING AffiLINE
IRREGULAR OPERATIONS
Mark Song, Guo Wei, and Gang Yu 259
Vlll OPERATIONS RESEARCH IN THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY
1 Introduction 260
2 Crew Legalities and Crew Pairing Repair 264
3 Model and Mathematical Formulation 266
4 Solution Methodology 271
5 Computational Experiences 277
6 Conclusion 285
REFERENCES 286
10 THE USE OF OPTIMIZATION TO PERFORM
AIR TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT
Kenneth Lindsay, E. Andrew Boyd, George Booth, and Charles
Harvey 287
1 Introduction 288
2 The Traffic Flow Management (TFM) Problem 289
3 Recent TFM Optimization Models 292
4 The Time Assignment Model (TAM) 302
5 Summary and Conclusions 307
REFERENCES 309
11 THE PROCESSES OF AIRLINE SYSTEM
OPERATIONS CONTROL
Seth C. Grandeau, Michael D. Clarke, and Dennis F.X. Mathaisel 312
1 Introduction 313
2 The Four Phases of Airline Schedule Development 315
3 The Airline Operations Control Center (OCC) 320
4 Analysis of Operational Problems 331
5 Areas For Improvement 352
6 Case Study: PT Garuda Indonesia Airlines 357
REFERENCES 368
12 THE COMPLEX CONFIGURATION MODEL
Bruce W. Patty and Jim Diamond 370
1 Introduction 370
2 Problem Description 371
3 Problem Formulation 375
4 Model Implementation 379
Contents ix
5 Summary 383
REFERENCES 383
13 INTEGRATED AIRLINE SCHEDULE
PLANNING
Cynthia Barnhart, Fang Lu, and Rajesh Shenoi 384
1 Introduction 385
2 Fleet Assignment and Crew Pairing Problems: Existing Mod-
els and Algorithms 388
3 An Integrated Approximate Fleet Assignment and Crew Pair-
ing Model 393
4 An Advanced Integrated Solution Approach 395
5 Case Study 396
6 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 399
REFERENCES 401
14 AIRLINE SCHEDULE PERTURBATION
PROBLEM: LANDING AND TAKEOFF WITH
NONSPLITABLE RESOURCE FOR THE
GROUND DELAY PROGRAM
Songjun Luo and Gang Yu 404
1 Introduction 405
2 An Overview of the Airline Schedule Perturbation Problem 406
3 Literature Review 412
4 Preliminaries 414
5 Landing Assignment 418
6 Landing and Takeoff: Single Resource 425
7 Conclusions 429
REFERENCES 431
15 AIRLINE SCHEDULE PERTURBATION
PROBLEM: GROUND DELAY PROGRAM
WITH SPLITABLE RESOURCES
Songjun Luo and Gang Yu 433
1 Introduction 434
2 Minimizing Maximum Delay Among Out-flights 435
x OPERATIONS RESEARCH IN THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY
3 Minimizing the Number of Delayed Flights 437
4 Model Simplification, Valid Inequalities, and a Heuristic 446
5 Computational Experiments 449
6 Conclusions 454
REFERENCES 459