Operational Oceanography - Implementation at the European and Regional Scales

514 Pages·2002·30.246 MB·514\514

by  Flemming, N.C., Vallerga, S., Pinardi, N., Behrens, H.W.A., Manzella, G., Prandle, D., Stel, J.H. (Eds.)

Elsevier Oceanography Series, 66
OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY
IMPLEMENTATION AT THE EUROPEAN
AND REGIONAL SCALES
N.C. Flemming, Editor-in-Chief
EuroGOOS Office, Southampton, UK
Proceedings of the second international Conference on EuroGOOS
11 - 13 March 1999, Rome, Italy
Editorial Committee:
S. Vallerga, CNR and IMC, Oristano, Italy
N. Pinardi, Bologna University, Ravenna, ltaly
H.W.A. Behrens, RIKZ, The Hague, The Netherlands
G. Manzella, ENEA, La Spezia, Italy
D. Prandle, POL, Bidston, UK
J.H. Stel, NWO/AL W, The Netherlands
2002
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vii
Preface
EuroGOOS is proud to have held its second International Conference, entitled
“Operational Oceanography Implementation at the European and Regional Scales” in Rome
in 1999. The first International Conference entitled “Operational Oceanography- the
Challenge for European Co-operation” was held at The Hague, Netherlands in 1996. This is
the start of an important series of events which will map and guide the development of
operational ocean observations and forecasting for many years to come. The discoveries and
projects described in these papers become more important every year as operational
oceanography is seen to be an essential component of marine management, understanding
climate change, and the practical response to the Kyoto Convention.
The conference was attended by over 300 experts from 25 countries, including specially
invited guests from the European Commission and from the USA, and the papers show the
important developments which have taken place in a very few years. When EuroGOOS
started in 1994 many of the ideals and principles which we established seemed to be daring
and speculative dreams. At the time of the first Conference it was clear that the foundations
were being placed for a system that would really work. Operational models were being tested,
and new technologies were being proven in prolonged trials and pre-operational experiments.
Nevertheless, the core of the meeting was still papers about projects which would become
operational in the future.
By 1999 the core of the Second Conference was the description of operational services
already in place in the EuroGOOS Regions. The EuroGOOS Regional Seas Task Teams
each presented reports demonstrating the operational and pre-operational observing schemes,
data management, and forecasting systems in various stages of planning and implementation.
There was no doubt at all that the operational services could be produced at a reasonable cost,
and the papers presented on economic evaluation of the costs and benefits of operational
oceanography showed that the user community was ready to exploit the information.
At the Second Conference EuroGOOS launched the draft of its “Forward Look”, a short
document setting out ambitious targets in operational oceanography for the next 5 years and
10 years. The concept was presented in a speech by John Woods, EuroGOOS Honorary
President. In the “Forward Look” report the “near-field” targets include developing regional
and Atlantic operational systems and services; support for operational marine ecosystem
modelling; agreement on a EuroGOOS Data Policy; defining a new constitution for
EuroGOOS funded only by Members’ subscriptions; and close collaboration with the
European Commission’s Framework 5 research programme. The 10-year targets include the
provision of operational models and forecasting with resolution finer than lkm in coastal and
shallow seas; forecasts with 1-5km grids in the Mediterranean; addition of suspended
sediments, and ecosystem parameters to operational models; improving techniques of nesting
models; multi-year forecasts for the Atlantic with emphasis on the North Atlantic Oscillation
and Gulf Stream; strong European participation in the Global Ocean Data Assimilation
viii
Experiment (GODAE), and the promotion of operational ocean-observing satellite missions.
The papers in this book show that these objectives will be achieved.
Marine instrumental technology has always been a concern of EuroGOOS, and the
Second Conference emphasised the development both of new instrumentation and the
platforms to support the instruments and sensors for prolonged periods with minimum
maintenance. The accompanying Exhibition and the involvement of EUROMAR as a
sponsor proved the importance of this factor. Papers are included on new chains of
instrumented buoy moorings, installations on commercial femes, autonomous underwater
vehicles, acoustic monitoring, HF Radar, profiling drifting floats, and remote sensing from
satellites, among other technologies.
We owe many debts of thanks to many people and institutions for the great success of the
Second International Conference on EuroGOOS. The organising institutions and co-hosts of
the Conference in Italy were Consiglio Nazionale de Ricerche (CNR) and Ente per le Nuove
Tecnologie, 1’Energia e 1’Ambiente (ENEA), and the International Marine Centre of CNR at
Oristano (IMC), who provided the principle co-ordination and administration. The European
Commission provided support. The Conference was held under the auspices of the Italian
Minister0 dell Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica, and sponsored by the
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC), EUROMAR, European
Marine and Polar Sciences Board of ESF, and the Central Italy Innovation Relay Centre
(CIRCE).
The Conference Organising Committee and the Secretariat of the Conference, led by
Silvana Vallerga and Maria Luigia Ruscitto, worked assiduously to ensure the success of the
organisation, screening of abstracts, social programme, and the exhibition of marine
equipment. Our thanks would be incomplete without a special mention for the numerous
younger members of staff and students from the IMC Oristano who manned the Conference
Registration area, and helped to welcome participants. Everyone who was at the Conference
will also remember with great pleasure the evening guided tour of the Vatican Library and
Sistine Chapel, followed by a splendid dinner.
The publication of this volume follows naturally from the efforts of the speakers whom
we thank, both for their attendance at the Conference, and the drafting of their papers for
publication. All submitted papers were reviewed by two anonymous referees, from a panel of
99 referees, and the Editorial Committee thanks the referees for their work and expertise
which has added to the quality of this book. Willem Behrens, who has been seconded to the
EuroGOOS Office during the year 2001, has amongst his other duties, ensured that every
manuscript and diagram has been chased from authors, revised accurately, and formatted as
required. EuroGOOS owes him, and RIKZ, many thanks.
Nic Flemming
Editor-in-Chief
xi
Table of contents Page
Preface
N C Flernrning, Editor-in-Chief ............................................................................................... vii
EuroGOOS Conference
S Vallerga, Chairperson of the Organising Committee, Italy ................................................... ix
INTRODUCTIONS
The Second EuroGOOS Conference; Introduction
D Tromp, Chairman EuroGOOS, The Netherlands ................................................................... .3
The EuroGOOS Forward Look
J D Woods, UK .......................................................................................................................... .5
-
EUROMAR A new era
P Ehlers, Germany .................................................................................................................... 13
EVALUATION OF OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC SERVICES
Valuing marine activities in Europe: provisional estimates, concepts and data sources
MBrown, France ...................................................................................................................... 23
The EuroGOOS data requirements survey
JFischer and N C Flemming, UK ............................................................................................ 35
Economic assessments of the value of marine industries and services and user
requirements
L Castellucci, Ztaly .................................................
The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) in 1998
C Summerhayes, France ........................................................................................................... 57
OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY FOR SUSTAINABLE COASTAL AND
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Real-time forecast modelling for the NW European Shelf Seas
M W Holt, UK ........................................................................................................................... 69
Increasing resolution and forecast length with a parallel ocean model
T Wilhelmsson, JSchiile, J Rantakokko and L Funkquist, Sweden, Germany, USA ................ 77
Operational hydrodynamical model of the Danish waters. Danish National, Program for
Monitoring the Water Environment
H R Jensen, J S Mder and B Rasmussen, Denmark.. ............................................................. .87
xii
Spanish Ocean Observation System. IEO core project: Studies on time series of
oceanographic data
L Valdbs, A Lavin, M L Ferncindez de Puelles, M Varela, R Anaddn, A Miranda,
J Camiias andJMas, Spain .........................................................................
Long-term surface observations from ships of opportunity in Norwegian waters
T Gytre, JAure and R Saetre, Norway ................................................................................... 107
CORIOLIS-Atlantic, an in situ network for operational oceanography
P Marchand, France ............................................................................................................... 117
Sea level measuring network in Finland
0 Korhonen, Finland ......... ............................................................. ......................... 129
Ferry observations on temperature, salinity and currents in the Marsdiep tidal inlet
between the North Sea and Wadden Sea
H Ridderinkhof: H van Haren, F Eijgenraam and T Hillebrand, The Netherlands .........
Operational forecasts during the construction of the Fixed Link across the dresund
L Funkquist, Sweden ............. ............................................................................................ 149
Storminess and environmentally sensitive Atlantic coastal areas of the European Union
I Lozano, Ireland ................ ........................................................................... 153
EUROGOOS REGIONAL SEAS PROJECTS
Monitoring of the Arctic Ocean
0 MJohannessen and S Sandven, Nonuay ...................................... ................................. 165
Forecasting the Baltic
E Buch, Denmark .................................................................................................................... 179
Mediterranean ocean forecasting system: First phase of implementation
N Pinardi, E Demirov, M Tonani, L Giacomelli, C Fratianni and MFSPPpartners, Italy,
France ............................................................. ................................................................ 189
Forecasting the Atlantic: Towards an Atlantic Pilot Experiment
C Le Provost, France .............................................................................................................. 199
OPERATIONAL OCEAN FORECASTING FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN
REGION
Operational forecasting in the Aegean Sea: The POSEIDON system
K Nittis, T Soukissian and G Chronis, Greece. ....................................................................... 2 1 1
Remote sensing data for the Mediterranean Forecasting System Pilot Project
P Y Le Traon, G Larnicol, G Dibarboure, H Roquet, P Le Borgne, S Marullo,
L Santolieri, F Montagner and D Antoine, France, Italy ..................................................... .21 9
...
Xlll
Operational system for marine prediction in the Mediterranean: Description and
products
B Telenta, S Nickovic, S Music and V Ryabinin, Malta .......................................................... 225
Diagnostic simulations of the seasonal circulation in the Sicily Channel
R Sorgente and M Zavatarelli, Italy ....................................................................................... 235
NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY AND
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
A newly designed deep sea YOYO-profiler for long term moored deployment
C Waldmann, N Kotte, WMetzler, Germany. ......................................................................... 245
Coastal environment of the Seine Bay area monitored by a new French system of
automated measurement stations
P Woerther, France ................................................................................................................ 255
The potential of HF radar for coastal and shelf sea monitoring
L R Wyatt, UK ......................................................................................................................... 265
Design and use of advanced technology devices for sea water monitoring
G Zappal;, G Caruso and E Crisaji, Italy .............................................................................. 273
The use of "CARAVELA 2000@'"v ehicles in operational oceanography
M Alves, A Pascoal, A M Pereira, J Rodeia, A SimGes, M Juliano, R Duarte,
C Silvestre, P Oliveira, L Sebastiio, A Jorge and R Araijo, Portugal .................................. 281
A new concept for rapid assessment of oceanic environment
V Mariette, V Verbeque, P Mouge and M Deveaux, France .............................................
-
A bi-directional data link into the deep sea The DOMEST project
G Meinecke, V Ratmeyer and G Wefer, Germany .................................................... 299
GEOSTAR - GEophysical and Oceanographic Station for Abyssal Research
L Beranzoli, T Braun, M Calcara, D Calore, R Campaci, J-M Coudeville, A De Santis,
D Di Mauro, G Etiope, P Favali, F Frugoni, JL Fuda, F Gamberi, F Gasparoni,
H Gerber, MMarani, JMawaldi, CMillot, C Montuori, G Romeo, P Palangio, and
G Smriglio, Italy, France, Germany ....... .......................................................................... 307
-
Femes in operational oceanography The German Ferry Box project
P KO&, Germany .................................................................................................................. 317
Mobile lidar fluorosensor equipment for continuous seawaters monitoring and in situ
photosynthetic measurements: The ENEA realisation
R Barbini, F Colao, R Fantoni, A Palucci, S Ribezzo, Italy ................................................... 325
Experimentation of an innovative Lagrangian coastal drifter
A Ribotti, G De Falco and VArrichiello, Italy .................. .............................................. ,335
xiv
GLOBAL MONITORING AND MODELLING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE
PREDICTI ON
Real-time ocean forecast modelling for the Global Ocean and the Atlantic
H Cattle, M W Holt and M J Bell, UK ................................................................................... ,343
Meeting the Challenge: Real-time sea-state forecast modelling for the Atlantic at The
Met Office
M WHolt, UK ......................................................................................................................... 353
European co-ordination in meteorology
F Gtrard, France .................................................................................................................... 363
Acoustic Monitoring of Ocean Climate in the Arctic (Ah4OC)
0 M Johannessen, H Sagen, T Hamre, H Hobaek, K Hasselmann, E Maier-Reimer,
UMikolajewicz, P Wadhams, A Kaletzky, L Bobylev, E Evert, V Troyan,
KAN augolnykh and IEsipov, Norway, Germany, UK, Russia ............................................. 371
Initial concepts for IAS-GOOS
C N K Mooers, L Gao, W D Wilson, WEJ ohns, K D Leaman, HEH urlburt and
T Townsend. USA. ................................................................................................................... 319
REMOTE SENSING IN OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS
The DUACS project: towards operational use of altimeter data in coupled ocean-
atmosphere models for climate studies and forecasts
P Gaspar, D Anderson, Ch Boone, M Davey, M Lat$ P Y Le Traon, P Mc Lean,
M Mijennich, P Rogel, S Schoettle, JSegschneider, 0 Thual, France, UK, Germany ..........3 93
Absolute calibration of the EnviSat-1 radar altimeter - a new generation dual frequency
altimeter
M Roca and R Francis, The Netherlands ................................................................................ 395
Multi-sensor satellite monitoring of ocean climate
T H Guymer, P G Challenor, P Cipollini, D Cromwell, G D Quartly, MAS rokosz, and
P D Cotton, UK. ...................................................................................................................... 405
Near real time processing and validation of T/P and ERS-2 altimeter data
(DUACS project)
C Boone, P YLe Traon and P Gaspar, France ...................................................................... 421
Satellite data use in Finnish winter navigation
H Gronvall and A Seina, Finland ........................................................................................... 429
Complex ERS-2 SAR wave mode
S Lehner, J Schulz-Stellenfleth, B Schattler, H Breit and I Weinreich, Germany .................. 437
SARw ind measurements during the FETCH experiment
J Horstmann, I Weinreich, D Hauser, S Lehner and W Koch, Germany, France .................4. 45
xv
COASTWATCH: Integrating satellite SAR imagery in an operational system for
monitoring coastal currents, wind, surfactants and oil spills
0 M Johannessen, HAE spedal, B Furevik, D Akimov and A Jenkins, Norway, Russia .......4 55
DATA ASSIMILATION AND ADVANCED MODELS, GLOBAL AND COASTAL
Assimilating satellite altimeter data in operational sea level and storm surge forecasting
MEP hilippart and A Gebraad, The Netherlands .................................................................. 469
The use of SeaWiFS for operational monitoring of water quality in the North Sea
H J Hoogenboom, S W M Peters, J H M Hakvoort and A G Dekker, The Netherlands,
Australia. ................................................................................................................................ .48 1
Evolutionary computation for climate and ocean forecasting: "El Niiio forecasting"
A Alvarez, P Ve'lez, A Orjla, G Vizoso and J Tintorb, Taiwan, Spain ................................... 489
ADVANCED ECOSYSTEM AND WATER QUALITY MODELLING
Simulating the spring phytoplankton bloom in the Humber Plume (UK) with a variable
phytoplankton carbon: chlorophyll-a model
J I Allen, UK .......................................................................................................................... .497
Satellite observation and model prediction of toxic algae bloom
D Durand, L H Pettersson, 0 M Johannessen, E Svendsen, H Sgiland and M Skogen,
Norway .................................................................................................................................... 505
Microbial parameters for advanced ecosystem models
R Zaccone, R La Ferla, MAzzaro and G Caruso, Italy ......................................................... .5 17
New operative methods to study pelagic ecosystems
MMarcelli, A Di Maio S Ziantoni and A Perilli, Itab. .......................................................... 525
Author-Index ........................................................................................................................... 533
List of participants ......................................................... ..................................... 537
List of reviewers ..................................................................................................................... 551
INTRODUCTIONS