Table Of ContentFaculty of Science and Technology
CBCP2202
Computer Programming II
Copyright © Open University Malaysia (OUM)
CBCP2202
COMPUTER
PROGRAMMING II
Marini Abu Bakar
Dr Sufian Idris
Nor Leyza Jailani
Roziah Latih
Copyright © Open University Malaysia (OUM)
Project Directors: Prof Dato’ Dr Mansor Fadzil
Assoc Prof Dr Norlia T. Goolamally
Open University Malaysia
Module Writers: Marini Abu Bakar
Dr Sufian Idris
Nor Leyza Jailani
Roziah Latih
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Moderators: Yuzery Yusoff
Open University Malaysia
Kalaivani K. Radakrishnan
Developed by: Centre for Instructional Design and Technology
Open University Malaysia
First Edition, August 2014 (rs)
Copyright © Open University Malaysia (OUM), August 2014, CBCP2202
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means without
the written permission of the President, Open University Malaysia (OUM).
Copyright © Open University Malaysia (OUM)
Table of Contents
Course Guide vii–x
Topic 1 Selection Control Structure 1
1.1 IF Statement 1
1.1.1 if Selection Structure 2
1.1.2 if-else Selection Structure 3
1.1.3 Nested if Selection Structure 5
1.2 Switch and Break Statements 6
1.3 Differences Between if and switch Statements 8
1.4 Case Study 14
1.4.1 Problem Statement 14
1.4.2 Analysis 15
1.4.3 Data Requirements 16
1.4.4 Design 17
1.4.5 Implementation 19
Summary 22
Key Terms 22
Topic 2 Repetition 23
2.1 while Statement 23
2.2 do-while Statement 27
2.3 for Statement 30
2.3.1 The Relationship between for and while 34
Statements
2.4 Controlling Loops 35
2.4.1 Endless Loop 36
2.4.2 while Loop Controlled by Condition 37
2.4.3 while Loop Controlled by Sentry 39
2.5 continue Statement 40
2.6 break Statement 41
2.7 Nested Loops 42
2.7.1 Tracing Nested Loops 42
2.8 Case Study 44
2.8.1 Problem 44
2.8.2 Analysis 45
2.8.3 Design 45
Summary 49
Key Terms 50
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i v TABLE OF CONTENTS
Topic 3 Functions 51
3.1 What are Functions? 52
3.2 Function Definition 53
3.3 Function Prototype 56
3.4 Function Calls 58
3.4.1 Functions without Returned Data Type and 59
without Parameters
3.4.2 Functions without Returned Data Type but 61
with Parameters
3.4.3 Functions with Returned Data Type and with 62
Parameters
3.5 Library Functions of C 64
3.6 Variable Scope 67
3.7 Recursion 75
3.8 Functions and Top Down Design 79
Summary 82
Key Terms 83
Topic 4 Files 84
4.1 File Support in C Programs 84
4.1.1 Binary File 85
4.1.2 Text File 85
4.2 File Operations 85
4.2.1 fopen() 85
4.2.2 fclose() 87
4.2.3 fprintf() 88
4.2.4 fscanf() 89
4.2.5 getc() 92
4.2.6 putc() 93
Summary 96
Key Terms 96
Appendix 97
Copyright © Open University Malaysia (OUM)
COURSE GUIDE
Copyright © Open University Malaysia (OUM)
Copyright © Open University Malaysia (OUM)
COURSE GUIDE DESCRIPTION
You must read this Course Guide carefully from the beginning to the end. It tells
you briefly what the course is about and how you can work your way through
the course material. It also suggests the amount of time you are likely to spend in
order to complete the course successfully. Please keep on referring to the Course
Guide as you go through the course material as it will help you to clarify
important study components or points that you might miss or overlook.
INTRODUCTION
CBCP2202 Computer Programming II is an advanced course and a continuation
of CBCP2101 Computer Programming I, which is offered by the Faculty of
Information Technology and Multimedia Communication at Open University
Malaysia (OUM). This course is worth 2 credit hours and should be covered
within 8 to 15 weeks.
COURSE AUDIENCE
This course is offered to all learners taking the Bachelor in Information
Technology. Learners are required to attend this course and master the subject.
This course is crucial for them to apply knowledge and skills from previous
modules by implementing programming commands, syntax and techniques.
As an open and distance learner, you should be able to learn independently and
optimise the learning modes and environment available to you. Before you begin
this course, please confirm the course material, the course requirements and how
the course is conducted.
STUDY SCHEDULE
It is a standard OUM practice that learners accumulate 40 study hours for every
credit hour. As such, for a two-credit hour course, you are expected to spend 80
study hours. Table 1 gives an estimation of how the 80 study hours could be
accumulated.
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v iii COURSE GUIDE
Table 1: Estimation of Time Accumulation of Study Hours
Study
Study Activities
Hours
Understanding course content and initial discussions 5
Read four topics and complete exercises given at a rate of 10 hours per 40
topic
Attend four tutorial sessions at a rate of 2 hours per session 8
Access to Websites 7
Complete one assignment at a rate of 10 hours per assignment 10
Revision 10
TOTAL STUDY HOURS 80
COURSE OUTCOMES
By the end of this course, you should be able to:
1. Apply computer programming concepts and problem solving methods using
common programming techniques; and
2. Write, compile and run computer programming using C language.
COURSE SYNOPSIS
This course is divided into four topics. The synopsis for each topic is presented as
follows:
Topic 1 describes the control feature in programming where learners can make
selection programs based on certain conditions.
Topic 2 explains the control feature in programming where learners can make
repetition programs based on certain conditions.
Topic 3 explains the meaning of function and how it works in programming,
especially for a big scale programming.
Topic 4 describes the concept, principles and techniques in manipulating files in
C programming.
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COURSE GUIDE ix
TEXT ARRANGEMENT GUIDE
Before you go through this module, it is important that you note the text
arrangement. Understanding the text arrangement will help you to organise your
study of this course in a more objective and effective way. Generally, the text
arrangement for each topic is as follows:
Learning Outcomes: This section refers to what you should achieve after you
have completely covered a topic. As you go through each topic, you should
frequently refer to these learning outcomes. By doing this, you can continuously
gauge your understanding of the topic.
Self-Check: This component of the module is inserted at strategic locations
throughout the module. It may be inserted after one sub-section or a few sub-
sections. It usually comes in the form of a question. When you come across this
component, try to reflect on what you have already learnt thus far. By attempting
to answer the question, you should be able to gauge how well you have
understood the sub-section(s). Most of the time, the answers to the questions can
be found directly from the module itself.
Activity: Like Self-Check, the Activity component is also placed at various
locations or junctures throughout the module. This component may require you to
solve questions, explore short case studies, or conduct an observation or research.
It may even require you to evaluate a given scenario. When you come across an
Activity, you should try to reflect on what you have gathered from the module and
apply it to real situations. You should, at the same time, engage yourself in higher
order thinking where you might be required to analyse, synthesise and evaluate
instead of only having to recall and define.
Summary: You will find this component at the end of each topic. This component
helps you to recap the whole topic. By going through the summary, you should
be able to gauge your knowledge retention level. Should you find points in the
summary that you do not fully understand, it would be a good idea for you to
revisit the details in the module.
Key Terms: This component can be found at the end of each topic. You should go
through this component to remind yourself of important terms or jargon used
throughout the module. Should you find terms here that you are not able to
explain, you should look for the terms in the module.
References: The References section is where a list of relevant and useful
textbooks, journals, articles, electronic contents or sources can be found. The list
can appear in a few locations such as in the Course Guide (at the References
section), at the end of every topic or at the back of the module. You are
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