Table Of ContentCONTENTS
About the Author ............................................................................................................. 1
Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 5
SECTION I: OSINT Preparation ................................................................................... 9
CHAP'l'ER 1: Computer Optimization .......................................................................... 11
Windows Reset ..................................................................................................................................... 12
macOS Reset ......................................................................................................................................... 12
Antivirus ................................................................................................................................................ 13
Antimalware .......................................................................................................................................... 16
Virtual Private Network ...................................................................................................................... 16
Password Manager ............................................................................................................................... 18
CHAP'I'ER 2: Linux Virtual Machines .......................................................................... 21
VirtualBox ............................................................................................................................................. 23
Ubuntu Llnux ........................................................................................................................................ 24
Snapshots ............................................................................................................................................... 28
Exports and Clones. ............................................................................................................................. 29
CHAP'I'ER 3: Web Browsers .......................................................................................... 33
Firefox Settings. .................................................................................................................................... 33
Firefox Add-ons ................................................................................................................................... 36
Firefox Profiles ..................................................................................................................................... 59
Chrome Settings ................................................................................................................................... 61
Tor Browser .......................................................................................................................................... 62
CHAP'I'ER 4: Linux .Applications .................................................................................. 63
Media Players ........................................................................................................................................ 65
Video Download Utilities ................................................................................................................... 66
Custom Scripts ...................................................................................................................................... 68
Video Manipulation Utilities. .............................................................................................................. 77
Video Capture Utilities ........................................................................................................................ 82
Instagram Utilities ....................... :•· .. ·· .................................................................................................. 85
Image Download Utilities ................................................................................................................... 89
Usemame Utilities ................................................................................................................................ 90
Documentation Utilities ...................................................................................................................... 94
Domain Utilities ................................................................................................................................... 97
Llnux Applications ............................................................................................................................... 100
Metadata Utilities .................................................................................................................................. 102
Screen Capture Utilities ....................................................................................................................... 107
Linux Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................................ 109
CHAPTER 5: VM Maintenance & Preservation ........................................................... 113
Original VM Creation .......................................................................................................................... 114
Custom VM Script ............................................................................................................................... 122
Application Updates ........................................... 123
i. ,.. .......,.. ......,... ........ ................................................
Custom Updates Script. ....................................................................................................................... 124
OSINT VM Maintenance .........................................................- ........................................................ 125
Windows VM ........................................................................................................................................ 127
CHAPTER 6: Mac & Windows Hosts. .......................................................................... 129
Mac OSINT Host. ............................................................................................................................... 130
Mac OSINT Scripts. ........................................................................................ ,. .................................. 131
Mac OSINT Configuration. ................................................................................................................ 133
Mac OSINT Updates. ......................................................................................................................... 135
Windows OSINT Host. ........................................................................................................................ 138
Windows OSINT Scripts. ................................................................................................................... 138
.
Windows OSINT Confi ration. ...................................................................................................... 141
gu
Windows OSINT Updates. ................................................................................................................ 144
Troubleshooting. ..................................................................................................................................... 148
CHAPTER 7: Android Emulation. ................................................................................ 149
VirtualBox Images ................................................................................................................................ 150
VirtualBox Confi ration. ........................................................................... ,. ..................................... 151
gu
Android OSINT Apps. ....................................................................................................................... 156
Genymotion. ........................................................................................................................................... 159
Genymotion Confi ration. ............................................................................................................... 159
gu
Contact Exploitation ........................................................................................................................... 164
Virtual Device Cloning. ..................................... -............. �····. .......................... , ...... ,. ............................. 165
Virtual Device Export. ......................................................................................................................... 166
CHAPTER 8: Custom Search Tools. ................................................................ ,. ........... 167
HTML Tutorial .... �.,"'t"•···"�'·.,··--�·-"-.,. ..................._ .. .......... 169
1,. ..�._ ... .,.� .·• ··•.11;.,. . ••�t'!•�..·.. ......._.. . ..................................................11; ..... ............ ,.... .
Element Inspection Tutorial. .............................................................................................................. 171
Tool Download & Modification. ............ ., ................................................................................ , ......... 172
SECTION II: OSINT Resources & Techniques. .......................................................... 177
Covert Accounts .................................................................................................................................. 177
CHAPTER 9: Search Engines. ...................................................................................... 181
Google ..................................................................................................................................................... 181
Search Ope�.�1>•·•• ......................................� .. ............................ "'•··"'•· .... ��• ... ,. .. ,.,... . ..,. ... .,. ........ 182
..c.. .................................. :. ........ �.. . , .....! .. ........................ ,.., ...
Programmable SearchE ngines. .......................................................................................................... 190
Alerts ..........., . ......................................................................................................................................... 193
Bing...... .... ................................................................................................. ,. .......................................... 193
Images. ... ,. ...................... ,. ..............................................................., . ........................................................ 194
International Search Engines ............................................................................................................. 195
Yandex. .............................................................................................................................................. 195
Yandex Operators. ............................................. ., ................................................................................... 195
Archives. ........................................................................... ,,. ..................................................................... 198
Translation. ................................................................... _. ............................... ,,, ...................................... 202
Groups. .......................... , ............................................................................................................................. 203
News & Newspapers. ....................... , ..................................................................................................... 204
Search Engine Alternatives. ...................................................................................., . ....... ,-.................. 209
Tor Search Engine:s ............. -......... ,. .................................... �, .. �···•· ..· ·•·•:••••-·····•. ....... _ ......... �. ............ ,. ..,. 211
Ff P Seardt. . rl,�•···· ....· .. ........................ _.. 214
w. .......t..... ..... ....... ..., .,.. ...... !...., . .,... .. ..r.,,.. .. .. .:.......·...... .................. ;.,...·.. ........... .,... ..........M..ll'.. ............ .'!.. .......... ............ ..
lnteliechniques Search Engines Tool. ............................................................................................. 217
CHAPTER 10: Social Networks: Facebook. .................................................................. 219
Facebook Search: Official Options. ...................................................................................., ... , .......... 220
FacebSoeoakrP crho:fi. l.e.s. .......................2.2.4. .....................................................................................
FacebSoeoakrB cahs:eE 6n4c od.i.n.g. ...................2.2.5. .......................................................................
Intel.TeFcahcneibqTouooeo.ksl. ......................2.3.2. .............................................................................
FacebSoeoakrF crhi:e. n.d.s. .....................................2..3..5.. ....................................................................
FacebSoeoakrI cDCh r:e aDtiaot.ne. .....................2.3.7. .......................................................................
FacebSoeoakrF crhi:eE nxdtsr a.c.ti·.o-•n·• ·.•.•... .•.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·2.·3.·8.· . ............................................
FacebSoeoakrE cmha.:i. l. ................................................2..3..9.. .............................................................
CHAP'I'ER 11S:o cNiealtw orTkwsi:t .t.e.r.. ...................................2.4.1. ............................
TwitSteear.r .c.h. ..............................................2..4..1.. ...............................................................................
TwitSteearrP cehr:s. o.n. .....................................2..4..3.. ...................................................................... ....
TwitSteearrE cmhai.:l. ..........................2.44. ............................................................................................
TwitSteearOr pcerha t.o.r.s. .....................................................2..4..5.. .....................................................
DeleTtweidtP toes.rt. s. .........................2.5.0. ...........................................................................................
TweDeetc .k. ....................................................2..5..3.. ...............................................................................
TwcetBea.v.e.r. ...............................................................................2...5..5.. ................................................
TwitAtnearl .y.ti.c.s. .........................2.5.9. .................................................................................................
Intel.TechniqTuoeo.sl. .T.w.i.t.t..e..r.. .............................2..6..9.. ............................................................
CHAP'I'ER 12S:o cNieatwlo rIknss:t a.g.r.a.m. ..............2.7.1. ............................................
Instagra.m. .S.e.a.r.c.h. ...................................2..7..1.. ................................................................................
InstaIgmraag.me. s. ...........................2.7.3. ................................................................................................
InstaMgertaam.d .a.t.a. ........................2.7.5. ..............................................................................................
Follo&wF eorllso w.i.n.g. .................................................2...7..6.. ............. ...............................................
Like&s C omme.n.t.s. .....................................................2....7....7.... ..................... ....................................
Chan.n.e.l.s. ............................2.7.9. ............................................................................................................
ThirdT-oPoa.lr.st. y. ..........................2.8.1. ................................................................................................
DownlUotaidl. i.ti.e.s. .........................2.8.2. ..............................................................................................
Intel.TeIcnhsntiaqTguoreo.asl.m .. ................................2..8..3.. ..............................................................
CHAP'I'ER 13S:o cNieatlw oGreknse:.r .a.l. ................2.8.5. ...............................................
Linke.d.l.n. .............................2.8.6. ............................................................................................................
Intel.TeLcihnnkiTeqoduoi.eln.s . ......................2.9.3. .............................................................................
Snap.c.h.a.t. .............................2.9.4. ............................................................................................................
GoogNleet wo.r.k.s. ..........................2.9.6. ................................................................................................
Tumb.l.r. .............................·.. ..2..9..7.. ...... ..................................................................................................
ContEaxcptl oi.t.a.ti.o.n. ...................................................2....9....9.... ............................ ...........................
InternaNtieotnwao.lr. k.s. ........................3.0.0. ........................................................................................
Ga.b. ...................................................3..0..2. ...............................................................................................
Diss.e.n.t.e.r. ........................................................................3....0....3.... ......................................................
CHAPTE1R4O :n line Communities ............3.0.5. ..............................................................
Red.d.i.t. .......................................................3....0....5.... ........ ......................................................................
RedDdeilte Ctoendt. e.n.t. ........................3.0.7. .......................................................................................
Img.u.r. ................................3.1.0. ................................................................................................................
TkiTo.k. ...........,.. ..........,..,. .. . ....,..... ...... .... ..."... ......................3...1...4.. .................................. .....................
DatiWnegb s.i.te.s. ...........................3.1.5. ..................................................................................................
Tin.d.e.r. ...............................................................................................3.1.7. ...............................................
Disc.o..r..d.. ..............................................................3..1..9.. .......................................................................
Forums . .................................................................................................................................................. 321
Online Prostitution .................................................................................................................................. 322
Craigslist ................................................................................................................................................. 324
eBay ............... �·········· .. •··•· ..· ·· ........................................., ........................................................................ 327
Amazon ................................................., ............................................................................................... 328
IntelTechniques Communities Tool ................................................................................................... 330
CHAPTER 15: Email Addresses .................................................................................... 331
Email Verification .................................... ,. .......................................................... �·······"···•·······'"·•··•··· 332
Email Assumptions ........................................ ., ..................................................................................... 334
Compromised Email Databases .......................... , ............................................................................. 335
EmaS:eatilc hin.g,...,... .. .. ..................._•.....,,. .....�.. .••• .·:···. .......-,.,• .... ..._....,. .................. 342
lf. ................ �.il••� ........... "'. .... \ .....:- ,.� .................... ,. ..... , ••• "' •. .,. ...................
IntelTechniques Email Addresses Tool. .............................................................................................. 347
CHAP'I'ER 16: Usernames ............................................................................................. 349
Usemame Search Engines .................................................................................................................... 349
Compromised Accounts ........................................................... , .......................................................... 352
Email Assumptions ................................................................................................................................. 354
IntelTechniques U semame Tool.-.................................................................................................... 355
CHAPTER 17: People Search Engines ............................................................. , ............. 361
People Search Websites', .....................� . . ,-............... -.......... , .... , ..............................................................- 361
IntelTechniques Names Tool ................................. ,-................... -....................:. •..•., . ..., . ................ �. ....... 367
Resumes ............................... , .............................. ,.. ............................................ ,. ... , .................................. 36 9
Gift Registries ........................ 371
m ....................... -.....................................................................................
Physical Addresses ................................................... , ........................................................................... 373
Voter Registration ......................., . ....................................................................................................... 374
CHAPTER 18: Telephone Numbers ............................................................................. 375
Carrier Identification ................................., . ........................................................................................ 375
Caller ID Databases ............................................................................................................................... 376
Caller ID Search Script.. .�.. ............... ..,... .................................,. .,... .. ........ ....38.2... ........................ ................
Telephone Search Websites ................................................................................................................. 384
Historical Search Websites .................................................................................................................., 389
Search Engines ..................................................................................................................................... 390
Loyalty Cards .......................................................................................................................................... 391
Contact Exploitation ..........................., , .................................................................................................... 392
IntelTechniques Telephone Tool ...................................................................................................... 393
CHAPTER 19: Online Maps •...•.•....••.........•.......•......•.................•• .,.,._. ...•.•.••.•, . ................... 395
GoogMla.ep s,.•...·:P, ..·.•....., .·..• . ..· , ...·#....·., ...·., . ._.... .�.• .•.•. .............. 395
l�.. ..,. . •••�• ..........,.,.. ... .........,..... .l .lo• ••# .,•,• � • •,.. � ... ••·• •• . ........_. ,.. .....
BinMga.p s,.". »..,.··�·"·•·...·�.•. ........,....................�......� .......·. ·• 398
•!•••-•+••--..•••'!"t,,.,. ......................... •J,,.ti1,...,. ......,...._... ..... .................................
Additional Maps ...................... , ..............................- .............................................................................. 399
Historic Imagery ............................................... , ............................................, .......................................... 401
Crowd-Sourced Street Views ........................................................................................, .................... 403
IntelTechniques Maps Tool ..........� . ......... ; ......, •• ,. •..• , ............................., .. ................................ �. .., ....... 406
Maps Manipulation ..............., ...•..•..•.. , ....................................... �.,.. ....................................................... 414
CHAPTER 20: Documents ........................................................ , ................................... 415
Google Searching ................................................................., ................................................................. 415
Google Docs ••t•••+••·"·· .. ••Jt.. .1' ............................. � ............- ...... �-·•··,--• ......,. .............., . .....................; .. 4�•,..••,•!•.•·,."" ... ►. ............,, ". ................................ t,. ...... ,... 416
CloSutdo rPargoev i.d.e.r.s. ........•...........................4..1..7.. ......................................................................
PresenRteaptoisoi.nt. o.r.i.e.s. ....................4.1.9. ......................................................................................
PasStie.t .e.s. .............................4.2.0. ..........................................................................................................
DocumMeentta .d.a.t.a. ....................................................4...2...2... ..........................................................
IntelTeDcohcnuimqeTunoeto.ssl. .. ....................4.2.8. ..........................................................................
RenVteahli Rcelceo. r.d.s. ........................4.3.1. ........................................................................................
CHAPTE2R1I :m ag.e.s. ...............................................................4.3.3. ..............................
ReveIrmsaeSg eea .r.c.h. ........................4.3.3. ...........................................................................................
Twitter. .I.m.a.g.e.s. ...................................44..0.. ....................................................................... ................
FliIcmkar.g e.s. ...................................................................................44..1.. ...............................................
ImaMgeet a.d.a.t.a. ..........................4.4.3. ..................................................................................................
ImaMgaen ipu.l.a.ti.o.n. .......................4.4.7. .............................................................................................
ImaFgoer e.n.s.i.c.s. .........................4.4.7. ..................................................................................................
BulIkm aDgoew nlo.a.d. .......................................4..5..2.. ........................................................................
IntelTeIcmhangTieoqsou. le..s. ......................4.5.3. ................................................................................
CHAPTER 22V:i de.o.s. ..........................................4..5..5.. .................................................
YouTuTbeec hn.i.q.u.e.s. ......................4.5.5. ...........................................................................................
YouTuPbreo fi.l.e.s. ..........................4.5.9. ................................................................................................
Yo uTuCboem meSnctr a.p.i.n...............................................4..6..0.. ......................................... ............
g
VidSeeoa Orpcthi .o.n.s. ........................4.6.2. ..........................................................................................
DeleVtiedde. o.s. ............................4.6.3. ...................................................................................................
ReveVrisdeSe eoa r.c.h.i.n.......................4.6.4. .......................................................................................
g
VidSeeoa Arrcchh .i.v.e.s. .......................4.6.6. .........................................................................................
VidCeloo sCeadp ti.o.n.s. ........................4.6.7. .........................................................................................
LiveV idSetor e.a.m.s. .........................4.6.8. ..............................................................................................
IntelTeVcihdnTeiooq.o u.le. s. ......................4.6.9. ..................................................................................
CHAPTER 23: Doma.i.n. N..a..m...e..s.. ................................4..7..1.. .................................
DomaRiegins tra.ti.o.n. .........................4.7.1. ............................................................................................
DomaSiena Trocoh. l.s. .........................4.7.2. ...........................................................................................
HistoRreigciasltD raat.tia.o .n. ......................4.7.4. ..................................................................................
DomaAirnc h.i.v.e.s. .........................4.7.8. ................................................................................................
HistoDroimcaailn CSacprte.ue.rn.e .s. ..................4.7.9. ........................................................................
WebsMiotnei t.o.r.i.n.g. .......................4.8.1..............................................................................................
DomaAinna l.yti.c.s. ..........................4.8.3. ................................................................................................
Robot.s...tx.t. ............................4.8.7...........................................................................................................
SeaErncghi Mnaer keTtoio.nl.gs. ......................4.88. ..............................................................................
ThrDeaatt.a . ..............................4.9.1. ........................................................................................................
DomaBirne a&c Lheeas.k .s. .......................4.9.4. ....................................................................................
ShortUeRnL.es.d . ...........................4..9.5..................................................................................................
IntelTeDcohmnaiTiqonuo. el.s.. .....................................4..9..7.. ............................................................
CH.AP'TER 24I:PAd dress.e.s. ......................4.9.9................................................................
WIigPAl d..ed.. r..Se.e.sa.s.r. .c..h.. .......,..... ........................................,..... .?...•.�s.•...�.·..... .................... .......................................................................,..4..5.. ......09......39.................................................................... ........... ............ ..................................................................................
ISPhLooggtd. na.g.n. . ....................................·... ....................................55...00...47......................................................................................................................... ............................. ...................................................
IntelTechniques IP Addresses Tool ............ ,. ...... �····················· ................. ,. .................................... 511
CHAPTER 25: Government & Business Records. ........................................................ 513
Government Records. ......................................................................................................................... 513
Court Rocotds,..,. ..� ·-,.. ......., " ..... � ................ ;. .............. _. ..................................................................... �.-............... 513
,1 ........... -:-••�.. .... , ........,. . ..............
Business Records ....................... ,_ ........................................... ,.;. ....................... -.................................. 516
Social Security Records ........................................................................................................................ 518
Vehicle Records. ...................................................................................................................................... 519
Campaign Contributions. .................................................................................................................... 521
Criminal Information. ......................................................................................................................... 523
Radio Tran,Illi�ion�r. ............................................. ,. ..............., , ............................................................... 524
IntelTechniques Business & GovernmentTool ............................................................................. 526
CHAPTER 26: Virtual Currencies ................................................................................. 527
Virtual Currency Search Utilities. ...................................................................................................... 527
IntelTechnique� Virtual Currency Tool. ....................................... _ ........................, . .................... _.,. 531
CHAPTER 27: Advanced Linux Tools. ......................................................................... 533
Reddit Tool. ........................................................................................................................................... 534
Internet Archive 'tooi. ............... " ...... -········-·• ............................... ,. ........ �. ..........� . .......................,. .... 536
-Spoo-itd. .. , ..., •·.., _... ..erf....... ......................................_. . 5 38
•!· .......- •• ·�•·I. t. . ,•. •" '. ...... , , • '·' , ......... •·•• ., ·-· � ............................................,t • •_ ............ ..................• •.
Recon-NG. .............................................................................................................................................. 540
CHAPTER 28: Data Breaches & Leaks ........................................................................ 551
Voter Oata... .....................,. . ............ ,..._ ... 552
ir;,,! .........., .... :,.... ••� ,·'-·;.•,�··•-!'••·· .. .___..·,. ..• ••.. ·••·• .....
Ripg:rep--.. -« .......... .............._ .,,.,, ......, •••••••.1 ............................... 553
-M1••••---.•�••••••••• .. ••• .. •-•�• .......................ao;. ••••••,.•••�••••••.. .................. ,-,...,,1_.,. ........... u.. ...., _..'":••,t•it• ..• ••_,• ..• • ....... ,. •• ,..,.,.,. ••••• ,,., .... , •.._ ,,_
M.arketing Da,� ....................................... -556
,h ..............� ......,., . ...........................,. ••_ ..................- ..................
Social Netw"ork Dflta ................ ..............,. . .. ,. -. ,:.,.\·••.•··,..,.·�·�,··••t<11•• ..· • ............ ..,. ...............................,. .. . �.. .,!',.. ........... .,,.;-.:. ...,. ........- .........4 • ,•.,_ 5• 5 8
Online Breach Data Resources. ............................................................................. ,. ................ , ..., ..... 567
Data 'I..eaks ........................ � 5 71
!,. .............., , ..., ... .. , ... ".. .......... � .... ,.. .................................................. .... ",, ............, •.•.•• .., ....., .�. ... ..,� ...... ............ __ ,. ........= --................................
Elasticsearch CnJWl�� .................................. 57 4
w. .....,... ........,.. ........................ ............_... . .............�.. .. .........
IntelTechniques Breaches & Leaks Tool ......................................................................................... 587
SECTION III: OSINT Methodology ............................................................................. 589
CHAPTER 29: Methodology & Work.flow. .................................................................... 591
OSINT Investigation Methodology. ................................................................................................. 591
Case Workflow & Target Flowcharts ............................................................................................... 607
CHAPTER 30: Documentation & Reporting ............................................... , ... , ............ 615
ONoSIteN-TTa Rkingepo ....r...t.. .S.,. t...r...u...c....t.u....r....e+ :.• .'t.•.�."..·.·,.. ......................,. ... ................................................... .�.·.•·.. ................,t ... ........ .�.... ...f. . ............ "'.�.'...·•. ...•.. ".-.·.•.·,.. .................................... -...................................................... 661250
Llnk Analysis & Timelines. .................................................................................................................. 625
CHAPTER 31: Policy, Ethics, & Development. ............................................................ 639
Policies. ..............................................................................................., ........ ,. ......................................... 640
Ethics ................... .,. ...... ��.. ........ ,. ...................................................................- ........................................ "';.. ................................ ,.'", ............. 64 7
Professional Development ......................... -................... ,. . v.,;.,-......................................................... 649
CONCLUSION: ............................................................................................................. 655
INDEX: .......................................................................................................................... 656
ABOUTTH EA UTHOR
MICHAELB AZZELL
MichBaaezlzi enlvlet setcdio mpuctreirom neb se hoaflt fhg eo vernfomroe vne2tr0 y ears.
ga
Duritnhmgea joorfti httiaymt e h,ew aass sitgotn heFedB IC'ysb Cerirm eTsa sFko rwchee re
hefo cusoenvd a riousi novneltisiotinnaesn o dp esno uirnctee l(liOgSeIncNco'elI) l eAcsti on.
ga
ani nvetsoatirn sdw ofrne deorfafiltc herro tuhgUeh. SM.a rshalsh ewS aeisrn vviocilenv, e d
ga
numermoaujsco rri miinnvaeltis otinisn cluodnilnicgnh eis lodl icicthaiatilboddn u,c tion,
ga
kidnappingh,o mcioctlieddr-erc,thoa rrseieasa ttnsa d,d vanccoemdp uitnetrr uHseih oanss .
traitnheodu soafin nddsi viintd huueas loesfh iisn vetisvtitee chnainqpdur eisvc aocnyt rol
ga
strategies.
Aftelre avgionvge rnwmoerhnket,s eravset dht ee chandivciafoslrto hrfie r sseta sooftn h e
televhiascikdoernra MmarR .o bHoitbs.o oOksp eSno uIrnctee lTleicghennaicnqedu es
ExtrPermieva aruecys ebdys everal gaogveenarnmcsemi naetns d attroariymn ainnugfoa rl s
intellitgheenracinepnd rg i vhaacryd eHnein nogwh. o sthtePs rivacya,n OdSS e/cNuTr ity,
ga
Shoawn,ad s sists cilnideiinnav tcishd iueuavllit nigpm riavtaebc oytp,hr oacatinvades al y
resptooan nsu en dessiirteuda tion.
1
2
EIGHTH EDITION PREFACE
The previous (seventh) edition of this book was originally written in early 2019. Every time I
publish a new version, I incorrectly assume it will be the final release. It always feels like a
"complete" work, and I become naive while thinking that nothing major will change in the near
future. While the seventh edition of this book has remained relevant and accurate longer than
any other version, I decided to begin writing an update for 2021. Per my own rules, any potential
release must include at least 25% brand new material and 25% updated content. I believe that
this eighth edition exceeds these criteria, as two years is an eternity for technology.
My primary goals with this new edition are three-fold. First, we need to continue our path of self
reliance which was introduced in the previous edition. This eighth edition introduces a completely
rebuilt Linux OSINT virtual machine which is simpler to create, full of new features, and easier
to operate. I present all required commands to replicate my own system and offer an automated
script which allows you to generate your own working environment within just a few minutes. I
also provide updated offline search tools which replicate many of the techniques presented
throughout the book. Once you have your own system and tools in place, you will not need to
rely on third parties to provide services and products which you can self-host for free. All of this
will be explained in great detail later.
Second, I present a new section about Windows and Mac hosts. I provide detailed instructions
which replicate every feature of the Linux OSINT virtual machine onto your Windows or Mac
computer. This is the first time I have translated all of the Linux OSINT applications to function
properly within Windows and Mac environments, including custom scripts and easily-launched
shortcuts. For those who are reluctant to convert to Linux for OSINT investi tions, you can
ga
now take advantage of the numerous Python-based applications directly on your own hosts. We
can now have a custom OSINT operating system which is cross-platform.
Finally, I have reworked all of the various OSINT techniques presented throughout the book.
Many of the search methods targeted toward Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Instagram, and other
online services which were presented in the previous edition have begun to fail as these
companies change their products. In this new version, I have removed all outdated content;
updated techniques which have changed; and added new methods of acquiring online
information. I have updated the entire content from the previous edition to be 100% functioning
as of this publication. The " ts" of this book will be very similar to previous editions, but with
gu
a fresh explanation of each new technique.
I continue to update a section specifically tackling methodology. Knowing a bunch of websites
which have data about your target is not very helpful if you do not know what to do with the
information found. I see a new OSINT link collection appear online daily, sometimes with
thousands of links. I do not believe these are very helpful unless you know where to start. The
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