Table Of ContentHuman–Computer Interaction Series
Jennifer Golbeck Editor
Online
Harassment
–
Human Computer Interaction Series
Editors-in-chief
Desney Tan
Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA
Jean Vanderdonckt
Louvain School of Management, Université catholique de Louvain,
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6033
Jennifer Golbeck
Editor
Online Harassment
123
Editor
Jennifer Golbeck
Collegeof Information Studies
University of Maryland
CollegePark, MD
USA
ISSN 1571-5035 ISSN 2524-4477 (electronic)
Human–Computer Interaction Series
ISBN978-3-319-78582-0 ISBN978-3-319-78583-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78583-7
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Contents
1 Online Harassment: A Research Challenge for HCI. . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Jennifer Golbeck
Part I Detection
2 Weak Supervision and Machine Learning for Online
Harassment Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Bert Huang and Elaheh Raisi
3 Bridging the Gaps: Multi Task Learning for Domain Transfer
of Hate Speech Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Zeerak Waseem, James Thorne and Joachim Bingel
4 A Network Analysis of the GamerGate Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Aitalohi Amaize, Andrea Castillo, Benjamin J. Cooper,
Nicole Demme, Emily Kowalczyk, Paul Lee, Grace Mishkin,
Scott Moses, Taylor B. Rogers, Jazmine Thomas,
Melissa Wagner-Riston, Xiaojing Wang
and Julia WheelerGareth T. Williams
5 Automation and Harassment Detection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Edward Dixon
Part II Characteristics
6 Characterizing Gender Differences in Misogynistic
and Antisocial Microblog Posts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Cody Buntain
7 Stylistic Variation in Twitter Trolling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Isobelle Clarke
v
vi Contents
8 GamerGate: A Case Study in Online Harassment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Sarah A. Aghazadeh, Alison Burns, Jun Chu, Hazel Feigenblatt,
Elizabeth Laribee, Lucy Maynard, Amy L. M. Meyers,
Jessica L. O’Brien and Leah Rufus
Part III Reactions to Harassment
9 “The Continuum of Harm” Taxonomy of Cyberbullying
Mitigation and Prevention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Zahra Ashktorab
10 Youth Perceptions of Online Harassment, Cyberbullying, and
“just Drama”: Implications for Empathetic Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Abigail L. Phillips
11 Avoiding Online Harassment: The Socially Disenfranchised. . . . . . 243
Xinru Page, Bart P. Knijnenburg, Pamela Wisniewski
and Moses Namara
Contributors
Sarah A. Aghazadeh University of Maryland, College Park, USA
Aitalohi Amaize University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
Zahra Ashktorab IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY,
USA
Joachim Bingel University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Cody Buntain University of Maryland, College Park, USA
Alison Burns University of Maryland, College Park, USA
Andrea Castillo University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
Jun Chu University of Maryland, College Park, USA
Isobelle Clarke University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Benjamin J. Cooper University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
Nicole Demme University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
Edward Dixon Intel Corp, Santa Clara, USA
Hazel Feigenblatt University of Maryland, College Park, USA
Jennifer Golbeck University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
Bert Huang Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Bart P. Knijnenburg Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
Emily Kowalczyk University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
Elizabeth Laribee University of Maryland, College Park, USA
Paul Lee University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
Lucy Maynard University of Maryland, College Park, USA
vii
viii Contributors
Amy L. M. Meyers University of Maryland, College Park, USA
Grace Mishkin University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
Scott Moses University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
Moses Namara Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
Jessica L. O’Brien University of Maryland, College Park, USA
Xinru Page Bentley University, Waltham, MA, USA
AbigailL.Phillips SchoolofInformationStudiesattheUniversityofWisconsin-
Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Elaheh Raisi Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Taylor B. Rogers University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
Leah Rufus University of Maryland, College Park, USA
Jazmine Thomas University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
James Thorne University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
Melissa Wagner-Riston University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
Xiaojing Wang University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
Zeerak Waseem University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
Julia WheelerGareth T. Williams University of Maryland, College Park, MD,
USA
Pamela Wisniewski University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
Chapter 1
Online Harassment: A Research
Challenge for HCI
JenniferGolbeck
Thescourgeofonlineharassmenthasbecomeaproblemsoseverethatitthreatensall
thatisgoodaboutsocialmedia.Platformsthatwereoncelaudedasmediathatcould
giveequalvoicestoall,thatwouldimprovetransparencyandaccess,andthatwould
helpkeepusallincontactovertimeanddistancearenowriddledwithhumansand
botsthatspewhate,threatsandvitriolatanyone,butespeciallyatwomen,peopleof
color,andthevulnerable.Pewreportsthatasof2017,41%ofAmericanshavebeen
subjectedtoonlineharassmentand66%havewitnessedit.1 Wehavealreadyseen
harassmentdrivepeopleoffsocialmediaandtransitionintoofflineharassment.Ifwe
aretopreservetheseplatformsasopen,productivespaces,theremustbeasolution
totheonlineharassmentproblem.
Thatsolutionisnotgoingtocomeasoneaction,butasetoftoolstoattackthe
problem, both social and technical. Human-computer interaction as a field, poised
at the intersection of people and technology, has a unique opportunity to create
solutionsbothtostopharassersandsupporttheirtargets.Todoso,however,requires
anexpansiveviewofHCIanditsconnectionsacrossthespectrumfromitsoverlap
withartificialintelligencetokeysociologicalinsights.
Artificialintelligence,specificallyforautomateddetectionofharassingcontent,is
goingtobeacriticalpartofthesolution.ManyHCIresearcherstreatAIasawholly
separatefield,butinmanyways,AIhasbeenatthecoreofalotofgreatHCIwork.
Intelligent interfaces, personalization, recommender systems, predictive interfaces
allleverageAItofundamentallyinfluencethehumanexperience.Webelievestrongly
thatanHCIapproachtosolvingonlineharassmentwillincludeintelligentinterfaces
andAIonthebackendthatwillassistwithbuildingdatasets,identifyingharassing
content,andeventuallyfilteringit.Theproblemisnotonethatcanbesolvedsolely
orevenprimarilywithautomation,butanyinterfaceapproachislikelytoleverage
someformofautomateddetection.Assuch,weincludeseveralchaptersinthisbook
thatpresentchallengesandapproachestotheautomateddetectionproblemwhichin
turnwillconnectdirectlytointerfacesandthehumanexperience.
1http://www.pewinternet.org/2017/07/11/online-harassment-2017/.
B
J.Golbeck( )
UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark,MA,USA
e-mail:[email protected]
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG,partofSpringerNature2018 1
J.Golbeck(ed.),OnlineHarassment,Human–ComputerInteractionSeries,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78583-7_1
