One Hundred Years of American Archaeology in the Middle East: Proceedings of the ASOR Centennial Celebration, Washington, DC, April 2000

467 Pages·2003·31.99 MB·English

by  Douglas Clark

ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF
AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY
IN THE MIDDLE EAST
PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN
SCHOOLS OF ORIENTAL RESEARCH
CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION,
WASHINGTON, DC, APRIL 2000
Douglas R. Clark and Victor H. Matthews
American Schools of Oriental Research · Boston. MA
2003
ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY
IN THE MIDDLE EAST: PROCEEDINGS OF
THE AMERICAN SCHOOLS OF ORIENTAL RESEARCH
CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION, WASHINGTON, DC, APRIL 2000
© 2003
American Schools of Oriental Research
Cover Illustration: Excavations of Bronze and Iron Age remains on the western
edge of the Madaba Plains Project site of Tall al-4 Umayri, Jordan.
Library of Congress Cataloging~in~Publication Data
One hundred years of American archaeology in the Middle East :
proceedings of the American Schools of Oriental Research centennial
celebration, Washington DC, April 2000 / edited by Douglas R. Clark and
Victor H. Matthews,
p. cm.
ISBN 0-89757-067-7 (alk. paper)
1. Middle East—Antiquities. 2. Archaeology—United States. I.
Title: 100 years of American archaeology in the Middle East. II. Clark,
Douglas R. III. Matthews, Victor Harold. IV. American Schools of
Oriental Research.
DS56.053 2003
939'.4'0072073—dc22
2003020903
This volume is dedicated to the individual and institutional members
of the American Schools of Oriental Research whose commitment
to quality archaeological research and publication has produced a century
of spectacular results and promises more to come in the future.
V

CONTENTS
List of Illustrations xi
List of Maps xv
List of Contributors/Presenters xvii
Introduction Douglas R. Clark and f Ictor H. Matthews 1
I. Imagining the Past, Present and Future of Near Eastern
and Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology 5
Chapter 1 A Century of American Archaeology in the Middle East:
Looking Back and Looking Ahead
Neil A. Sillier/van 7
Chapter 2 Archaeology in the Eastern Mediterranean: Where We
Went Wrong in the Twentieth Century and IIow We
Can Do Better in the Twenty-first
James 11 Mnhly 19
Chapter 3 The Future of Archaeology in the Eastern Mediterranean
and the Levant: A Reply to Silberman and Muhly
Kobert .V. Ale rrillees 33
II, Major Movements through Time 37
Chapter 4 The Patriarchs and Matriarchs of Ancient Israel:
Myth or I lis tor y?
William C. Derer 39
Chapter 5 The Philistines: Neighbors of the Canaanites,
Phoenicians and Israelites
Seymour Ciitin 57
Chapter 6 The Greek Emergence in the Eastern Mediterranean—
Cyprus and Phoenicia
Robert S. Merrillees 87
Chapter 7 The Emergence of Early Judaism and Christianity in
the Light of Second Temple Diversity and Qumran
Sectarianism
Uric AL Aleyets 97
Chapter 8 Petra in Jordan: Byzantine Churches and Scrolls
Pierre AL Bikai 115
Vll
III. Historical Archaeological Periods in the Ancient Near East 131
A. The Bronze Age—3000-1200 BX.E.
Introduction by Albert Leonard, Jr. 133
Chapter 9 Canaan as a Cultural Construct
Jonathan JS.L/ibb 137
Chapter 10 Egypt and Canaan in the Bronze Age—A Century of
Research
J a///es Wein stein 145
Chapter 1 1 Canaan's Relations with Cyprus
Gloria A. London 157
Chapter 12 Canaan's Relations with the Aegean
Uric H. dine 167
Chapter 13 Mesopotamia!! Archaeology Under the American Schools
of Oriental Research
Lli^abeth C Stone 181
B. The Iron Age—1200 through the Sixth Century B.C.I·:.
Introduction by Douglas R. Clark 193
Chapter 14 State Formation in Syria at the Beginning of the Iron Age
Rudolph H. Dorne/z/ann 199
Chapter 15 Reconstructing the Tenth Century in Ancient Israel
Daniel M Master 215
Chapter 16 Evolution is as History Does: On State Formation in
Iron Age Transjordan
Bruce Ro/ztledge 231
Chapter 17 Iron Age State Formation in Greece
Ian AI orris 263
Chapter 18 The Iron Age State as a State of Mind: A Response
Da rid Schloen 283
C. The Persian, I Iellenistic and Roman Periods—Sixth
Century B.C. H. through the Fourth Century CK.
Introduction by Andrea AL Berlin 293
Chapter 19 After the Return: Connections with the Classical World in
the Persian Period
Jane C. Waldban/// 301
Chapter 20 Excavating Ethnic Strata: The Search for Hellenistic
Phoenicians in the Upper Galilee of Israel
Sharon Herbert 319
Chapter 21 Art as Cultural Artifact: Roman Sculpture in the Semitic East
EliseA. Friedland 331
IX
The Byzantine and Islamic Periods—The Fourth
Century CH. through Modern Times
Introduction by Jodi Magness 345
Chapter 22 Constructing the Past in the Cities of Byzantine Palestine
Kenneth (>. Hoi///;/ 351
Chapter 23 Byzantine Sepphoris: The Fourth Century as Viewed
through Literary and Archaeological Sources
/a///es I'. S7/vnge 365
Chapter 24 Southern Syria in the Islamic Period: Political Periphery
or Nexus?
Bethany J. Walker 385
Appendices 411
A. Centennial Program & Related Activities 413
B. Diplomacy and Archaeology: Past, Present and Future
7 'he Honorable I o/i/as R. Pickering 419
C. Footsteps in the Dust: A Century of AS OR Discoveries
in the Ancient Near East
Joe LI Seger 429
Index 435