On the identity of Arctosa variana C.L.Koch and Arctosa similis Schenkel, with notes on related species (Araneae: Lycosidae)

2006·0.5 MB·English

by  Buchar, J

Bull.Br.arachnol.Soc.(2006)13(9),329–336 329
On the identity of Arctosa variana C. L. Koch and will be discussed in the following order: A. variana, A.
Arctosa similis Schenkel, with notes on related perita, A. cinerea, A. similis.
species (Araneae: Lycosidae)* Abbreviations used: CB=Buchar collection;
CTh=Thaler & Knoflach collection; MNHN=Muséum
Jan Buchar National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris; NHRS=Natur-
historiska Riksmuseet, Stockholm; NMW=Natur-
InstituteofZoology,CharlesUniversity,
Vinicˇna7,CZ-12844Prague/Praha,CzechRepublic historisches Museum Wien. All measurements are in
mm.
Barbara Knoflach and Konrad Thaler
InstituteofZoologyandLimnology,
UniversityofInnsbruck, Taxonomic part
Technikerstrasse25,A-6020Innsbruck,Austria
Arctosa variana C. L. Koch, 1847 (Figs. 6, 7, 13–14,
Summary
21–22, 31)
After reconsideration of the four species of the Arctosa
ArctosavarianaC.L.Koch,1847:125–126,fig.1359;n.sp., \,type
cinerea group in Europe the following new interpretations
locality ‘‘Nauplia’’ (now Nafplio, Peloponnese), leg. Dr
andtwonewsynonymyscanbegiven:A.peritalatithorax
Schuch.
Lugetti & Tongiorgi, 1965 =A. variana C. L. Koch, 1847
Trochosa variana: Chyzer & Kulczyn´ski, 1891: 65, 68, 74, pl. 3, figs.
(new synonymy); A. variana in sense of recent authors
11a(palp,ventral),11b(epigynum).
(Knülle, 1959; Lugetti & Tongiorgi, 1965) =A. similis
Arctosa variana: Giltay, 1932: 21, figs. 15–16, _ (palp, retrolateral),
Schenkel, 1938, which is removed from synonymy with
\(epigynum/vulva).
A. cinerea (Fabricius, 1777); A. cinerea minor Guy, 1966
Lycosavariana:Simon,1937:1114,\,fig.1753(epigynum).Non_,fig.
=A. similis Schenkel (new synonymy). These species,
1752(=A.similis).
togetherwithA.cinereaandA.perita(Latreille,1799),are
Arctosa perita latithorax Lugetti & Tongiorgi, 1965: 180–182, fig. V
briefly discussed and keyed and characters of taxonomic
1–4; n. ssp., _\, type locality Italy, Pisa, S. Rossore. New
importanceillustrated.
synonymy(contraDondale&Redner,1983:19).
NonA.variana:Lugetti&Tongiorgi,1965:183–186,_\(=A.similis).
Introduction Materialexamined::Peloponnese:Olympia,1_
The separation of species in the genus Arctosa has (CTh), 15–20 May 1965, leg. Pruscha; Tripiti, 1_ (CB),
often presented problems, e.g. see the synonymies pro- 16 March 1998, leg. Stahlavsky. Thessalia: Chalkidiki,
posed in Thorell (1872) and Simon (1937), but it was Nikiti, in hotel garden, 1_ (NMW), 27 April–4 May
made considerably easier by the revisionary studies of 2000, leg. Thaler & Knoflach. Rhodes: Kolymbia, 1_
Knülle (1959) and Lugetti & Tongiorgi (1965, 1967). (CB), 4 June 2002, leg. Dolanský. : Iskanderum,
However, not all the pitfalls originating from too short 1_ (CB), 17 April 2002, leg. Rezac. : Emilia-
descriptionsandlaterincorrectidentificationshavebeen Romagna: Forli, 1_ 1\ (CTh), 1992, leg. Paoletti &
discovered.Thefourspeciesdiscussedbelowstandclose Celano. Sardinia: Giardi di Gestury, 300m, on muddy
to each other in genitalic and somatic characters. They shore, 5_ 5\ (CB), 30 April 2003, leg. Buchar.
often inhabit open habitats, riverbanks and shores with Description (_\): Small species, total length _ 5.0–6.8
sand and gravel. Three of them were described in the (n=8), \ 6.0–7.1mm. Dimensions of our specimens
early days of arachnology, when genitalic characters equaltherangegivenbyLugetti&Tongiorgi(1965)for
were not considered in diagnoses. Consequently, differ- a population from Tuscany, prosoma length _ (n=9)/
ences in interpretation arose between authors. When \ (n=2) 2.5–3.5/3.1, width 1.9–2.6/2.1. Pattern contrast-
Knülle (1959) and Lugetti & Tongiorgi (1965) discov- ing (Fig. 6), legs yellowish, distinctly annulated. Male
ered that A. cinerea (Fabricius, 1777) in the northern palpal tibia c. 1.5(cid:1) longer than broad; cymbium not
Mediterranean includes two distinct taxa, the situation elongate; tegular apophysis (Figs. 13–14), with ventral
became even more complicated. Schenkel (1938) differ- tooth(arrow)rathershort,withinnermarginobliqueand
entiated a new sibling species from Portugal, A. similis, concaveandbasewidelyvisible;embolicdivision(Fig.7).
which was soon synonymised with A. cinerea by Epigynum/vulva (Figs. 21–22), similar to A. cinerea,
Machado (1941). Its re-establishment as a distinct 1.9(cid:1) wider than long; margins sclerotised, anteriorly
speciesishereconfirmed.Moreover,A.peritalatithorax converging, lateral margins slightly convex, anterior
Lugetti & Tongiorgi, 1965 was added as a further margin strongly biconcave; median septum triangular,
subspecies. Guy (1966) independently investigated these separatingtwoobliquepockets;posteriormarginbroad,
species in the western Mediterranean, but with different copulatory orifices at posterior angles; receptacles
resultsconcerningA.cinereaandA.varianaC.L.Koch, project far beyond anterior margin of epigynum.
1847. We fully agree with the distinction given by Lugetti&Tongiorgi(1965)separatedA.varianafrom
Lugetti&Tongiorgi(1965),buthesitatetoaccepteither A. perita also according to length/width ratio of pro-
the identification given for the sibling species or the soma,valuesreportedforA.perita1.44(cid:2)0.6[1.30–1.45
status of A. p. latithorax as a ‘‘new’’ discovery. Because (n=11)],andforA.variana(=A.p.latithorax)1.37(cid:2)0.6
of inherent problems involved with each species, they [_1.19–1.40(n=9)],measurementsfromourmaterialin
square brackets. It is therefore not possible to assign
these specimens unequivocally to species from this
*We dedicate this work to Dr Peter Merrett on the occasion of his
70thbirthdaywithspecialthanksforhisconstanteditorialcare. character.
330 IdentityofArctosavarianaandA.similis
Taxonomy: The original description of Arctosa vari- rather small species, as also is A. perita. Subsequently,
ana of course lacks information about genitalic charac- A. variana was mainly identified from the eastern
ters,butshowsacolourillustrationofitsdorsalhabitus: Mediterranean and from Italy (Bonnet, 1955: 662).
female greyish, with pattern full of contrast, prosoma Simon(1884:318)comparedhisspecimensfromEuboea
midband and legs yellowish, legs distinctly annulated. and Naxos with A. perita, and Chyzer & Kulczyn´ski
Totallengthwasgivenas4lines(=8.5mm).Sizevalues (1891), again, in their key separated A. cinerea from A.
for females of related species were given as follows: A. variana by dimensions, females also by a ratio (length
cinerea (from Gdansk/Danzig) 6.5 lines (=13.8mm), prosoma/length tibia+patella IV), and provided the
from S. Germany 6–8 lines (=12.7–16.9mm, subLicosa first figures of the epigynum and male palp. The epi-
allodroma C. L. Koch, 1838), A. perita (sub A. picta) gynum drawn by Giltay (1932) corresponds well to
3.5 lines (=7.4mm) [1 line equals 2.12mm]. Therefore, their figure, as do our specimens. Surprisingly, A.
according to its first description Arctosa variana is a perita latithorax, which was given species rank by later
Figs.1–6: 1–2Arctosacinerea_(1GR:Chalkidiki,2000;2A:N.Tyrol,Lechtal,21September1994);3–4A.similis_(3F:Corsica,Calvi,2001;
4E:GranCanaria,2001);5A.peritasubad.(GB:Edinburgh,16July1997);6A.variana_(GR:Chalkidiki,2000).AllphotographsB.
Knoflach.
J.Buchar,B.Knoflach&K.Thaler 331
authors (Wunderlich, 1984), corresponds perfectly figures of genitalia for A. cinerea and A. variana are
with A. variana as characterised above and must be confusing and refer at least partially to the species
accepted as a new synonym. The present synonymisa- namedhereasA.similis(figs.1749and1752,seebelow).
tion is proposed from the literature and from recently The conception of Lugetti & Tongiorgi (1965) was
collected material not too far from the type region widely followed by later authors.
in Italy; the types were not examined. Lugetti & Distribution: Owing to taxonomic confusion, periph-
Tongiorgi (1965) even placed A. variana sensu eralrecordscannotbesafelyaccepted.Arctosavarianais
Giltay tentatively in the synonymy list of their new known from the eastern and central Mediterranean:
subspecies. Greece (Hadjissarantos, 1940), Turkey and peninsular
ThespeciesdiagnosedbyKnülle(1959)andLugetti& Italy, from Campania to the Po plain (Forli), and
Tongiorgi(1965)as‘‘A.variana’’differsclearlyfromthe islands: Sicily, Sardinia (Lugetti & Tongiorgi, 1965, sub
charactersgivenbyGiltayandbyChyzer&Kulczyn´ski A. p. latithorax). It is known from Dalmatia (Chyzer &
(1891). Above all, it is characterised like A. cinerea as a Kulczyn´ski, 1891). For further records from the Balkan
large species, ‘‘di grosse dimensioni’’. These authors peninsula see Drensky (1936) and Deltshev & Blagoev
realised,quitecorrectly,thatinItalytwolargespeciesof (1995). At least some of the ‘‘old’’ records should be
Arctosa exist, A. cinerea on seashores, the other on revised or corroborated by recent findings. This holds
riverbanks. Apparently they followed the key of Simon especiallyforrecordsfromN.Africa,theIberianpenin-
(1937: 1113). Admittedly, A. cinerea stands there as the sula, Central Europe and Russia (Bonnet, 1955;
only species of its group with ‘‘taille grande’’, but the Mikhailov, 1997).
Figs.7–12: Embolicdivision,ventralviews(7–10,12)andtegularapophysis,inclinedretrolateralview(11)ofArctosaspp.7A.variana(seeFig.
6); 8 A. perita (CZ: Slepicˇí vršek, 30 May 1973); 9, 11 A. cinerea (see Fig. 2); 10, 12 A. similis, different views (see Fig. 3).
Auto-Montagedigitalphotos.Scalelines=0.1mm.
332 IdentityofArctosavarianaandA.similis
smaller, total length 4.8, 5.1, prosoma length 2.4, width
1.7.Patterncontrasting(Fig.5),legsbrownish,distinctly
annulated.Malepalpaltibiac.1.5(cid:1) longerthanbroad;
cymbium not elongate; tegular apophysis (Figs. 15–16)
with ventral tooth (arrow) strong, with inner margin
straight,itsbasehardlyvisible;embolicdivision(Fig.8)
with terminal apophysis blade-like, embolus similar to
A. variana. Epigynum/vulva (Figs. 23–24) 1.3(cid:1) wider
than long, trapezoid, median septum triangular with
posterior margin narrow, copulatory orifices small, re-
ceptacles at anterior margin of epigynum.
Taxonomy: Recent descriptions of A. perita corre-
spondwellwitheachotherandalsowithclassicalfigures
inSimon(1937)andChyzer&Kulczyn´ski(1891).Inour
opinion, however, the true identity of populations in
northern Africa should be re-investigated.
Distribution: Europe and Azerbaijan (Mikhailov,
1997), introduced to N. America, British Columbia
(Dondale & Redner, 1983). As this species is ‘‘strongly
associated with sandy coast and heathland habitats’’, it
isprobablywidespreadalongtheseashoreinallEurope,
‘‘but inland records are patchy and scattered, restricted
to suitable habitat’’ (Harvey et al., 2002). We cannot
indicate safely the eastern limits of its distribution and
are uncertain about its presence in northern Africa.
Arctosacinerea(Fabricius,1777)(Figs.1–2,9,11,17–18,
25–26, 31)
ForsynonymsseePlatnick(2005).
Identification: Knülle (1959), Lugetti & Tongiorgi
(1965),Fuhn&Niculescu-Burlacu(1971),Miller(1971),
Loksa (1972), Roberts (1985). Non L. cinerea: Simon,
Figs.13–20: TegularapophysisofArctosaspp.,ventralviews(13,15,
17,19),anteriorviews(14,16,18,20).13–14A.variana 1937: 1113, fig. 1749, \ (=A. similis).
(see Fig. 6); 15–16 A. perita (see Fig. 8); 17–18 A. Material examined: : Schleswig-Holstein:
cinerea(seeFig.2);19–20A.similis(seeFig.3).Scale Kiel, seashore, 1_ (CB), September 1966, leg. Hu˚rka.
lines=0.1mm(13–16),0.2mm(17–20).Arrowspointto  : Bohemia: Friedland, Smeˇdá river,
ventraltooth.
sandy riverbank, 2\ (CB), 19 April 1976, leg. Nevrlý;
Iser mts., Polubný, Velká Jizerská louka, sandy river-
Arctosaperita(Latreille,1799)(Figs.5,8,15–16,23–24,
bank, 2_ 2\ (CB), 6 September 1975, leg. Buchar;
31)
Opatovice,depositorynearriverLabe/Elbe;1_(CB),18
Identification:Knülle(1959),Wiebes(1959),Lugetti& August 1992, leg. M. Ru˚žicˇková; Tušt’ near Trˇebonˇ,
Tongiorgi (1965), Fuhn & Niculescu-Burlacu (1971), sandpit, 1_ (CB), 15 May 2004, leg. J. Kra´l. :
Miller (1971), Loksa (1972), Dondale & Redner (1983), Ulicˇ,bankofUlicˇkariver,1\(CB),31July2003,leg.D.
Roberts (1985). This species has been characterised Král; Snina river, near Snina, 3\ (CB), July 1962, leg.
unambiguously in recent literature. Buchar. : see Buchar & Thaler (1995). :
Material examined:  : Bohemia: Dalmatia: Split region, without exact locality, 2\ (CB),
LužnicenadLužnicí,duneSlepicˇívršek,1_3subad.,30 July1975,leg.Bílek(togetherwith1_A.similis).:
May 1973; Veselí nad Lužnicí, Vlkov dune, 3_ 1\, 11 Tuscany: Pisa, Fiume Arno, 1\ (CB), 17 May 1963, leg.
April 1963; Kozly near Neratovice, dune, 1_, 28 April Tongiorgi (together with A. similis); Pisa, S. Rossore
1962; Písty near Nymburk, dune, 4_ 1\, 11 April 1969 Gombo, seashore, 2_ 2\ (CB), 2 May 1963, leg. Ton-
(all CB, leg. Buchar). : Toscana: Pisa, S. Rossore, giorgi.:seeBuchar(1968).:Chalkidiki,
dunes by seashore, 4_ 4\ (CB), 19 May 1963, leg. Kolpos Ag. Oros, 1_ 1\ (CTh), adult moult June 2000
Tongiorgi. Calabria: Sibari, on seashore, 2\ (CTh), (Thaler et al., 2000). : Balikesir, artificial lake
1+17June1977,leg.Meyer.Sardinia:GolfoAranci,2_ Caygocen, 300m, E. of Sindirgi, 1_ (NMW), 16 May
(CB), 4 April 1999, leg. Hula & Holá. 1983,leg.Aspöck&Rausch.:Andalusia:Almune-
Description (_\): Small species, total length 6–8mm. car, 1_ 2\ (CB), 3 May 1992, leg. Hu˚rka.
Dimensionsofourspecimensfallwithintherangegiven Description(_\):Dimensionsveryvariable,asalready
by Lugetti & Tongiorgi (1965) for a population from statedbyC.L.Koch(1838:107,subLicosaallodroma),
Tuscany:prosomalength_\2.7–4.0/3.0–3.9,width1.9– see also Fig. 31. Total length _ 8.0–13.5, \ 11–18,
2.9/2.0–2.8.ThemalesreportedabovefromSardiniaare prosomalength_(n=5)/\(n=13)4.6–7.1/5.8–9.5,width
J.Buchar,B.Knoflach&K.Thaler 333
3.4–5.8/4.5–7.5. Values for prosoma length (width) of characters A. cinerea is close to A. similis, which there-
females were given by Lugetti & Tongiorgi (1965) as forehasremainedundiscoveredformanyyears,butthey
4.7–5.7 (3.6–4.6) (n=11) for a population from Pisa, so can be separated by the genital organs. Apparently
the females from Central Europe examined here are Simon(1937)wasnotawareofthisdistinction:inmales
larger. Greyish to yellowish, pattern and leg annulation of both species patella+tibia IV is longer than the
indistinct (Figs. 1–2). Male palpal tibia 2.5(cid:1) longer prosoma (Fig. 31), and the epigyne figured by Simon
than broad; cymbium slender; tegular apophysis (fig. 1749) probably belongs to A. similis.
(Figs. 11, 17–18) shorter than in A. similis; embolic Distribution: Probably Trans-Palaearctic (Tanaka,
division (Fig. 9) with terminal apophysis beak-shaped, 1991;Marusik,1994).Arctosacinereaisknowntooccur
shorterthaninA.similis,withanteriormarginconcave, on the shores of the Baltic and of the North Sea, on
inner flange of embolus less truncate than in A. similis. riverbanks in Central Europe, and on the shores of the
Epigynum/vulva (Figs. 25–26) broader than long, Mediterranean (Thorell, 1872; Knülle, 1959; Lugetti &
anterior margins sclerotised, lateral margins interrupted Tongiorgi, 1965). Interestingly, in Great Britain it has
close to copulatory orifices, anterior margin biconcave, been recorded only from shingle beds of fast flowing
connectedbynarrowmediancrestwithmedianseptum, rivers and lakeshores (Harvey et al., 2002). Relation-
septum broadly triangular; copulatory orifices small, shipswithA.similisneedtobeinvestigatedmoreclosely.
copulatory ducts comparatively short, scarcely bent, In Tuscany the two species appear to be separated
receptacles large and globular, extending beyond ecologically, A. similis preferring riverbanks. In our
anterior margin of epigynum. records there are two other cases of sympatric occur-
Taxonomy:WenowconsiderthatthespecimensofA. rence, in Dalmatia and in Andalusia. Simon (1937:
cinerea examined here, coming from the Baltic Sea, its 1138) gives its range as extending to western Africa,
terratypica,fromCentralEurope,thetyperegionforA. Senegal. Considering the discovery of A. similis in the
allodroma Walckenaer, 1802, and from the Mediterra- Mediterranean we feel sure that the true identity of
nean, belong to a single species. This opinion was also Arctosa populations on riverbanks and shores in North
sharedbyThorell(1872:332)andbyKnülle(1959).For and West Africa should be reconsidered, as also the
L. pilipes Lucas, 1846, see below. According to somatic status of L. pilipes from Algeria.
Figs.21–24: Epigynum/vulvaofArctosaspp.,ventral(21,23),dorsal(22,24).21–22A.variana(I:Sardinia,2003);23–24A.perita(CZ:Vlkov
dune,1963).Auto-Montagedigitalphotos.Scalelines=0.1mm.
334 IdentityofArctosavarianaandA.similis
Arctosa similis Schenkel, 1938 (Figs. 3–4, 10, 12, 19–20, Material examined: : Odivelas, 1\, type
27–31) (NHRS), 24 June 1935, leg. Lundblad (Schenkel, 1938).
:Toscana:Pisa,FiumeArno,riverbankswithsand
Arctosa similis Schenkel, 1938: 13–15, fig. 5; n. sp., \, type locality and gravel, 2_ 2\ (CB), 17 May 1963, leg. Tongiorgi.
Odivelas, Portugal (removed from synonymy with A. cinerea Sardinia:Muravera,Tintinau,riverbankwithgravel,2_
(Fabricius,1777),contraMachado(1941)).
Arctosacinerea:Simon,1937:1114,fig.1749,\. (CB), 27 April 2003, leg. Buchar. : Dalmatia:
Arctosavariana:Simon,1937:1114,fig.1752,_. Split region, without exact locality, 1_ (CB), July 1975,
Bonacosasimilis:Roewer,1955:237. leg.Bílek.:Corsica:OstriconiestuarynearCalvi,
Arctosasimilis:Bonnet,1955:661. 2_ (CTh), 3 May 2001, 2\ (CTh), adult moults in
Arctosavariana:Knülle,1959:252–253,figs.2,8,_\.
captivity November/December 2001, leg. Thaler &
Arctosavariana:Lugetti&Tongiorgi,1965:183–186,fig.VI1–4,_\.
Arctosa cinerea minor Guy, 1966: 130, figs. 89–90; n. ssp., _\, terra Knoflach. : Pyrenees, artificial lake El Grade,
typicaCorsica.Newsynonymy. 1\ (CTh), 16 July 1975, leg. Prem. Catalania: Costa
Figs.25–30: Epigynum/vulvaofArctosaspp.,ventral(25,27,29),dorsal(26,28,30).25–26A.cinerea(E:Almunecar,1992);27–30A.similis
(27–28F:Corsica,adult2001;29–30typefromPortugal,Odivelas).Auto-Montagedigitalphotos.Scalelines=0.1mm.
J.Buchar,B.Knoflach&K.Thaler 335
sentedabove(underA.variana),A.similiscannolonger
be identified with A. variana C. L. Koch. However, we
cannot consider now Lycosa pilipes Lucas, 1846 from
Algeria,forlackofexperiencewithAfricanlycosids.As
Guy (1966) based his revision of the Lycosinae of
MoroccolargelyonmaterialfromtheSimoncollection,
it is not surprising that most figures given as varieties
of A. cinerea almost certainly refer to A. similis (see
Guy, 1966: 95). This also holds for Barrientos et al.
(1985). However, Guy (1966) re-examined in his thesis
materialavailableintheSimoncollection,anddescribed
A.cinereaminorfromCorsicaasanewsubspecies.This
type material is no longer traceable according to C.
Fig.31: Scatterdiagram:lengthpatella+tibiaIV(_)vs.ratioprosoma Rollard. Specimens from the type region closely resem-
length/length patella+tibia IV in A. cinerea, A. similis, A.
ble A. similis in general appearance and epigynal fea-
peritaandA.variana(seeSimon,1937:1113).
tures (cf. Figs. 27–28 and 29–30), being within the
overall variation of this species. This justifies the incor-
Brava, Blanes, La Todera, on riverbank, 1\ (CB), 11 poration of A. cinerea minor into the synonymy of A.
July 1996, leg. Hu˚rka; Ebro, delta, La Taucada, 1\ similis.
(CB), 11 June 1999, leg. Dolanský. Andalusia: Ardales, Distribution: Arctosa similis apparently is widely dis-
on riverbank, 2_ (CB), 13 June 1997, leg. Buchar. tributed in the central and western Mediterranean re-
Mallorca: Torrent de Pareis, 2_ (NMW), 5 February gions, from Dalmatia to the Canary Islands, and
1998, leg. Paulus. Gran Canaria: Embalse de Chira, probably also in North Africa, see comments for A.
825m, shore of lake, 1_ 2\ (CTh), 14 February 2001, cinerea. In Tuscany A. similis lives along riverbanks
leg. Thaler & Knoflach. : prov. Garianem, river without vegetation, on sand and gravel, at low altitude,
Nefusa, 1\ (CB), 6 May 1980, leg. Hu˚rka. : apparentlynotontheseashore(Knülle,1959;Lugetti&
Tibesti, label ‘‘Emi Koussi, Sugzugan [375 bis]’’, 1_ 1\ Tongiorgi, 1965).
(MNHN) (sub A. cinerea), coll. de Miré (Entrée No 20,
1960) (see Denis, 1955).
Discussion
Description (_\): Large species, dimensions variable
as in A. cinerea, see Fig. 31. Total length _ (n=11)/ Among the four species discussed here as the cinerea
\ (n=11) 7.5–11.9/7–17, prosoma length _ 4.2–6.3/ species group of Arctosa, there are two large, albeit
\3.4–7.1,width3.0–4.8/2.9–5.6.Intypefemaleprosoma rather variable species, A. cinerea and A. similis, and
7.1 long and 5.6 wide. Lowest values refer to specimens another two of medium size, A. variana and A. perita.
from Dalmatia, Corsica and Ebro, _\ (n=3/3) prosoma Ecologically,threespeciesareconfinedtoopenhabitats
length4.2–4.6/3.4–4.6,width3.0–3.5/2.9–3.7.Compared with sparse vegetation, with sand and gravel, A. cinerea
with the population from Tuscany measured by Lugetti andA.similisontheseashoreandalongriverbanks,and
& Tongiorgi (1965), the total range of dimensions re- A. perita on dunes. The habitat requirements of A.
portedaboveisgreater,whereasspecimensfromCorsica variana are less well known. The species is said to occur
and Dalmatia are smaller. Greyish to yellowish, pattern (Lugetti&Tongiorgi,1965)atdryandinsolatedsites,in
and leg annulation indistinct (Figs. 3–4). Male palpal meadows and cultivated areas, but also on muddy
tibia 1.8(cid:1) longer than broad; cymbium not elongate; shores in Sardinia. So for this species neither a sandy
tegular apophysis (Figs. 19–20) strongly developed, substrate nor proximity to a water body seem to be
ventral tooth (arrow) long and conspicuous. Embolic essential.
division (Figs. 10, 12) with terminal apophysis long and The exact distribution pattern and range still need
slender, with anterior margin almost straight, inner further investigation for each species. Generally, the
flange of embolus broad, truncate. Epigynum/vulva rangesofA.cinereaandA.similisappeartobevastand
(Figs. 27–30) triangular, margins sclerotised, lateral largely allopatric, A. cinerea extending across the whole
margins entire, anterior margin truncate, forming a Palaearctic, while A. similis is confined to the western
bilobed hood, median septum triangular, apex narrow; MediterraneanandNorthAfrica.Theothertwospecies
copulatoryorificeswide,copulatoryductsstronglybent; are probably confined to Europe, A. perita occurring
receptacles do not reach anterior margin of epigynum. from the Mediterranean to the temperate and south
Epigynal dimensions vary considerably, being 1.2–1.5 boreal zones, and A. variana in the eastern and central
timeswiderthanlong,cf.Figs.27and29.Thefigureand Mediterranean.
description given in Schenkel (1938) correspond well to PhylogeneticrelationswithinArctosaandrelatedgen-
the type female available. era are still obscure. The four species investigated here
Taxonomy:ArctosasimilisisverysimilartoA.cinerea can be separated best by their epigynum. Characters of
andapparentlythereforewassynonymisedbyMachado the male palp used for discrimination are the tegular
(1941) shortly after its description. Only the work of apophysis and terminal apophysis, but these are less
Knülle(1959)andLugetti&Tongiorgi(1965)separated obvious. The species may be separated by the following
the sibling species. According to the arguments pre- key:
336 IdentityofArctosavarianaandA.similis
1. _\large,prosomalength/width>4.5/3.4mm,patternindistinct.2 DONDALE, C. D. & REDNER, J. H. 1983: Revision of the wolf
— Smaller,patterncontrastingorindistinct....................................5 spidersofthegenusArctosaC.L.KochinNorthandCentral
2. _...................................................................................................3 America(Araneae:Lycosidae).J.Arachnol.11:1–30.
— \...................................................................................................4 DRENSKY, P. 1936: Katalog der echten Spinnen (Araneae) der
3. Embolicdivision(Fig.9)withterminalapophysisbroad,anterior Balkanhalbinsel.Sb.bulg.Akad.Nauk32:1–223.
marginconcave;tegularapophysisshort(Figs.11,17–18) ......... FUHN,I.E.&NICULESCU-BURLACU,F.1971:Fam.Lycosidae.
.......................................................................................A.cinerea FaunaRepubliciiSocialisteRomaˆnia(Arachnida)5(3):1–256.
— Embolic division (Fig. 10), with terminal apophysis narrower, GILTAY, L. 1932: Arachnides recueillis par M. d’Orchymont au
straight,blade-like;tegularapophysislonger(Figs.19–20) ......... coursdesesvoyagesauxBalkansetenAsieMineureen1929,
........................................................................................A.similis 1930et1931.Bull.Mus.r.Hist.nat.Belg.8(22):1–40.
4. Epigynum/vulva (Figs. 25–26) rather broad, 1.6(cid:1) wider than GUY,Y.1966:Contributionàl’étudedesaraignéesdelafamilledes
long, copulatory orifices small, receptacles large and globular, Lycosidae et de la sous-famille des Lycosinae avec étude
extendingbeyondanteriormarginofepigynum,copulatoryducts spéciale des espèces du Maroc. Trav. Inst. scient. chérif. (Ser.
comparativelyshort,scarcelybent.................................A.cinerea Zool.)33:1–171.
— Epigynum/vulva (Figs. 27–30) triangular, 1.2–1.5(cid:1) wider than HADJISSARANTOS,H.1940:[LesAraignéesdel’Attique.]Athens,
long, copulatory orifices large, receptacles not reaching anterior 132pp.
margin,copulatoryductsstronglybent..........................A.similis HARVEY, P. R., NELLIST, D. R. & TELFER, M. G. 2002:
5. Patternindistinct._embolicdivision(Figs.10,12)withterminal Provisional atlas of British spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) 2:
apophysisstraight,blade-like,distalprocessslender.\epigynum/ 215–406.BiologicalRecordsCentre,Huntingdon.
vulva(Figs.27–28)1.2–1.5(cid:1)widerthanlong,copulatoryorifices
KNÜLLE, W. 1959: Über italienische Arctosa-Arten (Araneae:
large,receptaclesnotreachinganteriormargin..............A.similis Lycosidae).Archozool.ital.45:251–270.
— Patterncontrasting......................................................................6 KOCH, C. L. 1838: Die Arachniden 5: 1–158, pl. 145–180. Zeh,
6. _...................................................................................................7
Nürnberg.
— \...................................................................................................8 KOCH,C.L.1847:DieArachniden14:1–210,pl.469–504.Lotzbeck,
7. Embolic division (Fig. 7); ventral tooth of tegular apophysis
Nürnberg.
narrow, short, inner margin oblique, concave (Figs. 13–14)
LOKSA, I. 1972: Pokok II–Araneae II. Fauna Hung. 109 (Arach-
.......................................................................................A.variana
noidea18(3)):1–112.
— Embolic division (Fig. 8); ventral tooth of tegular apophysis
LUGETTI, G. & TONGIORGI, P. 1965: Revisione delle specie
broad, blade-like, inner margin almost straight (Figs. 15–16)
ItalianedeigeneriArctosaC.L.KocheTriccaSimonconnote
.........................................................................................A.perita
8. Epigynum/vulva(Figs.21–22)1.9(cid:1) widerthanlong..A.variana suunaAcantholycosadelleAlpiGiulie(Araneae–Lycosidae).
— Epigynum/vulva (Figs. 23–24) 1.3(cid:1) wider than long, Redia49:165–229.
LUGETTI,G.&TONGIORGI,P.1967:Sualcunespeciedeigeneri
trapezoid..........................................................................A.perita
Arctosa C. L. Koch e Tricca Simon (Araneae–Lycosidae).
Redia50:133–150.
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