On security

65 Pages·2010·1.64 MB·English

The UNITED NATIONS ASSOCIATION
BELGIUM/FLANDERS
Wednesday 24 March 2010, 12:30 -15.00
UNRIC, the UN Regional Information Centre, rue de la Loi 155,
1000 Brussels, 7th floor (entry by the Central Hall)
Book Launch
FFFFaaaacccciiiinnnngggg GGGGlllloooobbbbaaaallll EEEEnnnnvvvviiiirrrroooonnnnmmmmeeeennnnttttaaaallll CCCChhhhaaaannnnggggeeee
Environmental, Human, Energy, Food, Health
and Water Security Concepts
© Hans Günter Brauch
Adj. Professor, Free University of Berlin, Otto-Suhr Institute, Berlin
Chairman, Peace Research and European Security Studies
Editor, Hexagon Series on Human, Environmental Security & Peace
Senior Fellow, Institute on Environment and Human Security of
United Nations University (UNU-EHS), Bonn
Contents
1. Key Questions: International Peace & Security, UN Charter
2. Goal: Global Mapping of the Rethinking on Security
3. Hexagon Series: Human & Environmental Security & Peace
4. Global Environmental & Human Security Handbook
5. Facing Global Environmental Change: Environmental,
Human, Energy, Food, Health and Water Security Concepts
6. Environmental Security: Four Phases of Research
7. Human Security: Four Pillars
8. Global Climate Change Impacts for International, National
and Human Security
9. Policy Vision & Perspective for the UN & EU: Towards a
Sustainable Peace with a Fourth Green Revolution
10. Annex: Case Study on the Mediterranean
1. Four Key Questions: Why? By whom? For
whom? What is its relevance for the UN system?
What are the reasons for this publication project?
Three developments have caused a reconceptualization of security:
(cid:1) First, end of Cold War (1989) resulted in three changes of the security concept:
(cid:2) in a widening of the political and military focus of national and international security to include its
economic, societal and environmental dimensions;
(cid:2) in a deepening from the state-centred concepts of “international peace and security” in the UN Charter,
and of “national security” of UN member states to non-state referents such as human beings, ethnic and
religious groups and humankind. A major innovation was launched by UNDP in 1994 with the human
security concept that was introduced by Canada to the UN Security Council. In the Outcome Document
of September 2005 the General Assembly was tasked to regularly discuss human security issues.
(cid:2) a sectorialization of security that addresses the specific security relevance of selected policy fields,
such as energy security (IEA), food security (FAO), health security (WHO), as well as water security
(UNEP, UNU). The new concept of soil security, UNCCD and the Spanish Environment Ministry
launchêd on 14 May 2009 at the UN Headquarters.
(cid:1) Second, with globalization many non-state actors and processes have caused
security dangers for states, international organizations and human beings: terrorism,
organized crime (illegal trafficking of weapons, drugs, human beings and organs) and
the uncontrolled financial flows that caused the present global economic crisis.
(cid:1) Third, since 2000, problems of global environmental change were securitized by
UN members who declared them issues of utmost importance that require
extraordinary policy responses. Climate change was discussed first on 17 April
2007 by the UN Security Council.
1.1 What are the reasons for this
publication project?
These developments are reflected in this security handbook for the
Anthropocene, the era of earth history affected by human activities.
(cid:1) The first volume on Globalization and Environmental Challenges
(2008) focuses on the first two reasons.
(cid:1) This volume on Facing Global Environmental Change addresses the
securitization of climate change, water, desertification, population change,
urbanization and natural hazards.
(cid:2) The second focus is on sectoral security on energy, food, health and
water as well as on environmental, human and gender security. The
volume concludes with proposals from knowledge to action linking
sustainable development with sustainable peace.
(cid:2) This book offers assessments of problems of global environmental
change, humankind and states face in the 21st century and reviews
policy debates and scientific discourses on new security concepts and
environmental and human security issues.
(cid:1) The third book on Coping with Global Environmental Change follows
in summer. It addresses threats, challenges, vulnerabilities and risks and
policies for adaptation and mitigation to global environmental change.
1.2 By whom is this environmen-
tal and human security handbook?
(cid:1) This handbook includes about 270 chapters by 300 authors from 100
countries. The editors and peer reviewers worked hard to guarantee
high standards.
(cid:1) The handbook was edited by 11 scientists from 10 countries and of
this volume four co-editors come from Africa, Asia and Latin
America and four from Europe.
(cid:1) Among its 132 authors of this book are Mr. Steiner, Prof. Ogwu and
Prof. R. Pachauri, the chairman of the IPCC that received the Nobel
Peace Prize in 2007. Prof. Tony Allan received the Stockholm Water
Prize of 2008. All authors, editors and reviewers worked for free.
(cid:1) In these books the South is not an object, many authors are
distinguished scientists from developing countries that analyse the
problems of their own region.
(cid:1) The volume combines distinguished scientists and promising young
scholars.
1.3 For whom? The Audience
(cid:1) The handbook was written for scholars, policy advisers &
policy-makers, journalists and students globally and it should be
available in libraries of universities, research institutes and
ministries that can afford this huge compilation of global
scientific and policy relevant topical knowledge.
(cid:1) This handbook is available as a hardcover, as an electronic
book & all chapters may be purchased on the internet.
(cid:1) We plan a new book aid project to get these volumes to
university libraries in developing countries that cannot afford
such reference books.
(cid:1) Of the Mediterranean Book of this Hexagon book series we
sent 260 copies to national and university libraries in 90
countries. We plan to launch a new book aid project for our
security handbook in 3 volumes.
(cid:1) All donors & recipients are documented on a special website.
1.4. Relevance for the UN System
(cid:1) Security is a key concept of international and national politics, a basic value in
societies, cultures and religions. Maintaining and achieving security is a major
reason for spending public resources on the national and international level.
(cid:1) Meaning of security matters for the UN, its member states and peoples.
(cid:1) Maintaining “international peace and security” is a key goal of the UN
Charter. Achieving human security “in larger freedom” is a key goal of
the UN Secretary-General. Environmental, food, health, water and soil
security are policy priorities for specialized agencies, programmes,
secretariats and networks within the UN system.
(cid:1) Human security is a key goal of the Human Security Network and of the
Friends of Human Security and has resulted in several initiatives in the
UN Security Council and in the General Assembly.
(cid:1) Environmental, water, soil, food and health security are key concerns
and areas of political activity of the UN system.
(cid:1) The editors and authors want to foster a global anticipatory learning
and to contribute knowledge for proactive policies.
(cid:1) To be able to act early requires anticipatory recognition of
future threats and learning as well as the political will to
implement proactive multilateral cooperative policies.
1.5 International Peace &
Security in the UN Charter
UN Charter: Peoples and Nations (human
(cid:1)
vs. inter(national) security
(cid:2) Preamble: “We the Peoples of the UN
determined”:
(cid:2) Art. 1 of UN Charter: Purpose of the UN “to
maintain international peace and security” …
Has the security concept changed in 65
(cid:1)
years and how relevant is the reconcep-
tualization of security for policymakers at
UN but also at the EU, NATO and OSCE?
1.6. Change in meaning of
security in SC Resolutions
(cid:1) Security Council Resolutions since 1990 (M. Bothe)
(cid:2) Erosion of sovereignty: change, Art. 2,7: Nonintervention principle
(cid:2) Humanitarian intervention: debate on responsibility to protect
(cid:2) SC addressed human security (1990) & climate change (2007)
(cid:1) General Assembly: since 2005 & 2009
(cid:2) UNDP (1994) introduced human security, GA 2008 started debate
(cid:2) GA: Resolution on climate change & internat. peace & security
(cid:1) Secretary-General: Report: Climate Change & Internat.
Security of 11 September 2009
(cid:1) Future question in the 21st century: May security impacts
of global environmental and climate change pose a “threat to
peace” under Art. 39 and may the SC then be entitled to deci-
de “what measures shall be taken … to maintain ... IP&S”?
(cid:1) This question is sensitive and not topical today!
1.7. Policy Relevance: OSCE/NATO/EU
Environmental, Human & Climate Security
Conceptual debate has operative relevance
(cid:1) Environmental Security: NATO (since 1995)
(cid:2) Science Programme: Public Diplomacy Division
• Conferences & research projects, dialogue
• Funded workshops (Canterbury, The Hague, Istanbul)
(cid:1) Human/Climate Security: European Commission
(cid:2) Solana: 2004: Human Security Doctrine for Europe
(cid:2) ‘Climate Change & Security’: Since March 2008
(cid:1) OSCE: Environmental & Climate Security
(cid:2) Madrid Declaration: environmental security (2007)
(cid:2) March 2010: Scoping study: Security & Climate Ch.