OLEDs for lighting

55 Pages·13.063 MB·English

by  Pira International Ltd

LEDs and lighting > e-book
OLEDs for Lighting
This e-book is intended to provide the reader with a clear, current description of the
present status and future directions for OLED-based lighting within the context of
the overall OLED market, and the directions that OLED technology and markets will
take over the next five years.
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OLEDs for Lighting
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Wojtek Szajnert and Phillip Wright, PH.D.
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table of contents
2 4
Executive Summary Key Drivers and Trends OLED Technology Status and Future Trends
OLEDs for Lighting and Displays Overview OLED Materials and Devices
Technology and Market Drivers and Barriers Lighting Drivers and Dynamics 4Overview
Industry Structure 4Who is Investing in OLED Lighting? 4OLED Materials Bake-Off
Tale of Two Markets 4Where Does OLED Lighting Fit In? 4Seeking the Right OLED Architecture
4Challenges for Commercializing OLED Lighting 4Scaling OLED Manufacturing for Future Success
1 New Technologies and Applications
3 4Flexible OLED Displays and Lighting
4Transparent Lighting and Displays
4Alternatives to ITO for OLED Displays and Lighting
Introduction and Methodology 4Organic Optoelectronics
Introduction and Objective Supply Chain, Market Segments, and
Scope Competitive Landscape 5
Methodology Supply Chain
Definitions Market Segments
Lighting Manufacturers
4Philips OLED Market Dynamics
4OSRAM Market Background and Influences
4General Electric OLED Lighting Market Outlook
4Konica Minolta 4Overview
4Lumiotec 4Outlook by Application
4OLED Lighting Manufacturing Entrant Assessment New and Emerging OLED Markets and Applications
Outlook by Region

List of Tables and Figures
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LEDS and lighting > e-book > OLEDs for lighting
Executive Summary
OLEDs for Lighting and Displays matrix backplanes were significant. Many barriers to active matrix
Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been under continuing OLED display manufacturing, particularly those arising from the In the 2000s,
and increasingly vigorous research and development since the mid stability of both the OLED materials and the thin film transistors OLED development
1980s period. Interest in OLED technology grew from prior research in the active matrix backplane, prevented viable commercial
has accelerated
efforts to understand electrical conduction in polymers and other introduction of active matrix OLED displays for several years. Since
further for display
organic materials. Certain organic materials were found to have OLED displays compete directly with much more mature and
applications includ-
semiconductor-like properties and it was observed that layered widely used liquid crystal displays (LCDs), competition from the
organic structures that included metallic anode and cathode entrenched and constantly improving LCD industry also represents ing televisions and
materials were capable of both emitting and detecting light. The a major barrier to OLED display adoption. Though OLED displays for energy efficient
observation of bright, colorful, and relatively efficient light emission offer high contrast, emissive displays with fast video response solid state lighting.
from OLED devices prompted considerable development efforts and wide color gamut, ever improving LCDs have held on to their
to commercialize OLED information displays during the 1990s for manufacturing cost advantage while their performance continues
products such as mobile phones. In the 2000s, OLED development to improve. Progress over these barriers to OLED manufacturing
has accelerated further for display applications including televisions and adoption have permitted active matrix OLED displays to reach
and for energy efficient solid state lighting. OLED displays were market in growing numbers since 2007.
brought to market in the late 1990’s and OLEDs for white and
colored lighting started entering the market in 2009. As a result of While OLED displays have been overcoming technical and market
the sustained development efforts on OLED technology, the market barriers in the years since 2000, it was noted at about the
for OLED lighting and displays is poised to grow dynamically. same time (2000) that OLEDs for lighting applications would
likely be important for the development of energy efficient light
Technology and Market Drivers and Barriers sources. Since lighting accounts for roughly 20% of world energy
The OLED displays that were initially brought to market were consumption, governments and industry have recognized and
passive matrix displays that found fairly widespread application in acted on the need to develop more energy efficient forms of
portable media players and mobile phones. This adoption phase illumination. However the development of OLEDs for lighting also
of the relatively simpler passive matrix OLED displays supported faces challenges. Specific barriers to the manufacture and adoption
growth of the OLED industry until around 2006. Much more of OLED solid state lighting include the low cost of competing
complex active matrix OLED displays were demonstrated in various technologies such as incandescent and fluorescent lamps, and
sizes and applications including televisions up to 40-inch diagonal the need to improve the light output, color characteristics, and
by 2004, but the challenges of OLED display fabrication on active lifetime of OLED lamps to viable commercial levels. The current lack
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LEDS and lighting > e-book > OLEDs for lighting
Executive Summary
of defined manufacturing processes and infrastructure for OLED however large and well established companies with relatively broad
lighting is another barrier to the adoption OLED lighting today. OLED product commitments. There are also more narrowly focused
start-up and development stage companies as well as established
Competition from other energy efficient light sources, especially companies developing new product offerings specifically for OLED
from solid state lighting based on inorganic high brightness light –related markets.
emitting diodes (HB-LEDs), is also a major consideration. However,
although HB-LED solid state lighting is more mature than OLED At all levels of the OLED supply chain, innovation and intellectual
lighting, the two forms of energy efficient lighting are quite property (IP) development are proceeding rapidly. There are a
complementary - HB-LEDs being point sources of light rather like relatively large number of display manufacturers worldwide with
incandescent bulbs, while OLEDs lamp panels are area sources of the majority headquartered in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and China.
light having an appearance more like today’s fluorescent lighting The display manufacturers rely on a good measure of partnering
fixtures. OLED lighting panels and products are just now coming with, and licensing IP from, innovative companies both large and
to market. OLED lamp manufacturers are working closely with small. The traditional lighting industry is configured differently
the lighting design community to pave the way for OLED lighting from the display industry. The major segmentation of the lighting
adoption and to excite lighting designers and consumers with the industry supply chain has been between lamp and luminaire
unique properties, appearance, and design flexibility afforded by manufacturers. Major lamp manufacturers worldwide are relatively
OLED lighting. few in number (Philips, OSRAM, GE, NEC, Toshiba) with the balance
of production coming from a large number of small producers
Industry Structure in China. Luminaire (lighting fixture) manufacturing is dispersed
The OLED industry structure is relatively new and subject to among a much larger number of companies worldwide.
considerable evolution as OLED technology is developed, tested
in the market, and matures to a stable commercialized state. In the overall OLED display and lighting industry, some of the
The global OLED industry structure is made up of several tiers larger material, component, process, fabrication equipment
of participants. There are developers and suppliers of materials, and end product suppliers are seeking to acquire intellectual
components, processes, fabrication equipment, as well as property and innovative small companies, as well as to extend
manufacturers of displays, lamps and luminaires (lighting fixtures). their current product offerings to the emerging OLED industry. By
As is the case for many industries today, there are essentially no 2014 we foresee continuing evolution of the OLED supply chain
pure play, vertically integrated companies for the development, stemming from partnering, strategic investments, joint ventures,
manufacture and sale of OLED displays or lighting. There are and acquisitions. Because of the synergy in OLED materials and
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LEDS and lighting > e-book > OLEDs for lighting
Executive Summary
technology development, we forecast that some OLED display a decade. OLED display revenues are poised to climb briskly as small
manufacturers may in future extend their product development to AMOLED displays are currently being rolled out in large numbers
include OLED lighting. in several fast selling portable device categories including mobile
phones, portable media players, and digital cameras, and are likely to
The OLED display market is already served by a relatively large be introduced in personal navigation devices, handheld games and
number of manufacturers. However, Samsung Mobile Display other consumer electronics goods as OLED display prices come down
stands out as the market leader. Sony and LG Display are high and manufacturing capacity is increased.
name recognition manufacturers of displays and display centric
products with OLED display capability but each holds a minor share OLED lighting is only now reaching market and faces different
only. Samsung, the parent company of Samsung Mobile Display, challenges in coming to market. While OLED displays compete
launched a considerable range and number of products in 2009 directly for market share with highly successful TFT-LCDs, still
including high unit volume mobile phones, portable media players, higher performance displays are viewed by equipment designers
and digital cameras that incorporate OLED displays. and consumers as adding a high degree of value to products
incorporating them.
Since OLED lighting is only now coming to market and there is
essentially no OLED lighting historical revenue, the market leader is The value proposition for OLED lighting and the market for lighting
harder to define. However, the major global lighting manufacturers products differ in important ways from the display market. OLED
all have OLED development and at least pre-mass-production lighting faces entrenched market competition from established and
activities in place. Philips has been strong in its commitment to OLED emerging forms of lighting in all application market segments.
lamp manufacturing. Dieter Bertram, general manager for Philip’s
OLED lighting group stated to the New York Times that ‘We’re Although lighting designers have a different view, consumers tend
putting significant financial resources into OLED development.’ to view lighting as a commodity and have become accustomed
Philips recently stepped up its investment in this area with the to relatively low cost lamps which require relatively frequent
world’s first production line for OLED lighting, in Aachen, Germany. replacement. As for all solid state lighting products, the industry is
driving to achieve OLED lamp lifetimes that are very long and will
Tale of Two Markets enable lighting products that will likely last 10 to 20 years without
The markets for OLED lighting and displays are at very different lamp replacement – lasting perhaps to the end of life of the entire
stages of market development. OLED displays are the more mature lighting product. Solid state lighting fixtures may be designed
market as they have been shipping in various forms for approximately with permanently installed lamps with the entire fixture being
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LEDS and lighting > e-book > OLEDs for lighting
Executive Summary
discarded and recycled when the lamp fails. This long lamp lifetime for the coming several years we also consider the influence of
characteristic of solid state lighting suggests that a change in current economic conditions. OLED display revenue in the nearest
consumer expectations for lighting product lifetime may take place. future will be contributed principally from sales of high end and
The extent to which the consumers’ expectations for lighting change so-called ‘smart’ mobile phones. Sales of higher end mobile phones
will surely influence the market acceptance of solid state lighting have held up relatively well during the global financial crisis
and OLED lighting in particular. Past trends indicate that many and are likely to continue to do well as the economic recovery
lighting consumers, especially businesses and municipalities, can lengthens. OLED lighting only begins to come to market during the
be brought to accept the notion that new lamp types (e.g. compact period of weak economic growth. As OLED lighting products come
fluorescents) offering lower energy consumption and longer to market later than OLED displays, they will find a good level of
lifetimes are acceptable and can deliver life cycle cost savings. market acceptance. The more pronounced effects on OLED lighting
industry development of the slow economy and lingering concerns
Lighting designers and lighting architects are always seeking about credit availability during the period will be the dampening
out ways to incorporate new technology, appearances and forms effect on decisions to finance and build out OLED lighting
in their designs. Early adoption of OLED lighting will likely take manufacturing capacity.
place in the design driven community. Indeed, most lighting
manufacturers developing OLED lighting products are specifically The markets for OLED lighting and displays are developing
targeting the lighting design community to build support for their differently in different regions. OLED displays have been shipping
product introduction efforts. Other drivers for the adoption of OLED in various forms since the late 1990s. During this period the
lighting are environmentally-driven, green concerns including the OLED display market has been served principally by Asia-based
drive for reduced energy consumption, elimination of mercury, and manufacturers in Japan, Taiwan and South Korea. This situation
the general movement to products with long life, and low carbon will continue through 2014, and China will take on an increasing
and resource footprints. Consumers have come to accept this notion role. European end-product firms have made the decision to
through a combination of advertising, education, policy, incentives, concentrate on lighting applications of OLEDs, as evidenced by
and availability of suitable lighting product alternatives. We believe the strong commitments to OLED lighting product development by
that OLED lighting market growth may be somewhat slow since Philips and OSRAM.
initial product prices are likely to be high while holding out the
promise of a greener product offering reduced lifecycle cost.
Looking to the market forecast for OLEDs for lighting and displays
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LEDS and lighting > e-book > OLEDs for lighting
1 Introduction and Methodology
Introduction and Objective bringing profitable OLED products to consumers.
OLEDs for displays are at present considerably more advanced than OLEDs for displays
for lighting concerning their state of development, readiness for Data and insights are reported that describe who is investing in are at present
manufacturing, as well as market commercialization. This e-book OLED technology and why, and where OLED lighting and displays
considerably more
will focus on the outlook for OLEDs in lighting applications An fit in the marketplace relative to competing technologies and
advanced than for
objective of this e-book is to clearly report on the state of OLEDs products. OLED market segments are defined and the supply chain
lighting...
for lighting while at the same time providing the reader with an and competitive landscape are outlined for both lighting and
understanding of the co-evolution of OLEDs for both lighting and displays.
displays, the synergies for OLED lighting and display development,
and the evolving potential for OLED technology development and For the emergent OLED lighting market, the e-book assesses the
market expansion. known and announced market entrants and identifies potential
newly entering competitors. The e-book details the current status
This e-book is intended to provide the reader with a clear, current and future trends for OLED lighting and displays with emphasis
description of the present status and future directions for OLED- on those factors and choices that will provide competitive business
based lighting within the context of the overall OLED market, and advantage, or have the potential to significantly influence OLED
the directions that OLED technology and markets will take over the market growth. It also looks ahead to new technologies and
next five years. applications that will set the stage for the next round of OLED
market expansion.
Scope
This market and technology e-book analyses the current status and The e-book concludes with an overview of future OLED
key future trends for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) used development trends for the next five years. New and emerging
in lighting applications. OLEDs for lighting are just now coming OLED markets and applications are discussed and how market
to market and are being considered for use in a wide variety of conditions will be strongly determined not only by products that we
applications including display backlighting, architectural lighting, can envision today but by applications not yet on our roadmap.
and general illumination.
Methodology
The e-book presents an overview of OLED technology and markets, This study is the result of primary and secondary research. Primary
describes key drivers and trends that will influence OLED market research included interviews with technologists, manufacturers,
development, and identifies and the challenges to be overcome in market researchers, industry trade association representatives,
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LEDS and lighting > e-book > OLEDs for lighting
Introduction and Methodology
government program managers, and academics. Secondary IQE: Internal Quantum Efficiency
research included analysis of numerous press reports, studies IES: Internal Extraction Structure
relevant to OLED technology and market development, conference OEL: Organic Electro Luminescence
proceedings, and the technical literature. EL: Electro Luminescent
EQE: External Quantum Efficiency
Preparation of this e-book involved interviews with industry experts RGB: Red, Green, Blue
on OLED materials, devices, manufacturing equipment, government CFA: Color Filter Array
and industrial programs, lighting and displays; participation in ITO: Indium Tin Oxide
key industry technical and business conferences; and extensive TFE: Thin Film Encapsulation
literature and data research. The author is particularly grateful LCD: Liquid Crystal Display
for the cooperation, insights and assistance provided by the TFT: Thin Film Transistor
Optoelectronics Industry Development Association (OIDA), TFT-LCD: Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display
members of the International Optoelectronics Association (IOA), SSL: Solid State Lighting
and OLED-A, the OLED Association. HB-LED: High Brightness Light Emitting Diode
PMP: Portable Media Player
Definitions WVGA: Wide Video Graphics Adapter
There are essentially countless terms of art and acronyms employed R&D: Research and Development
by the OLED development and business community. The list below CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate
captures some of the most prominent definitions, terms and acronyms CRI: Color Rendering Index
to allow the reader to more readily cover the subject matter. CCFL: Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp
R2R: Roll-to-Roll
OLED: Organic Light Emitting Diode VTE: Vacuum Thermal Evaporation
PMOLED: Passive Matrix OLED RH: Relative Humidity
AMOLED: Active Matrix OLED WVTR: Water Vapor Transmission Rate - typ. in g/cm2/day
WOLED: White OLED Oxygen permeation rate - typ. in cc/cm2/day
FOLED: Flexible OLED TIR: Total Internal Reflection
P-OLED: Polymer OLED CNT: Carbon Nano Tube
SM-OLED: Small Molecule OLED BOM : Bill of Materials
IP: Intellectual Property OIDA: Optoelectronics Industry Development Association
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LEDS and lighting > e-book > OLEDs for lighting
Introduction and Methodology
IOA: International Optoelectronics Associations
PND: Portable Navigation Device
DSC: Digital Still Camera
Display size – physical size in inches diagonal
Display resolution – the number of horizontal pixels x number of
vertical pixels (e.g. 1920 x 1080). Alternate use: the number of
pixels per inch (ppi).
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