OLD WORLD GENERA OF THE PANICEAE (POACEAE: PANICOIDEAE)

32 Pages·1992·20.2 MB·English

by  Robert D Webster

,
WORLD
OLD GENERA THE
OF PANICEAE
(POACEAE: PANICOIDEAE)
ROBERT WEBSTER
D,
U
Department
nited States Agriculture
of
&
Systematic Botany Mycology Laboratory
BARC-East
263,
Blclg.
MD
Beltsvilk 20705, U.S.A.
ABSTRACT
Seventy-nine genera of the Paniceae are recognized as occurring in the Old World. For each
genus a complete set of taxonomic data was collected and based on observations of all available
specimens. The data were analyzed to construct a bracketed key for the genera. The fifty most
diagnostic characters were selected and used in the production of fully comparative descriptions
for the genera.
INTRODUCTION
This paper represents the final in a series of reports originally designed to
provide a comprehensive taxonomic account of the genera of the Paniceae on a
worldwide basis. The genera were studied and treated on a geographical basis.
Webster North American
(1988) presented a revision of the 25 genera
Initially,
which included Amphicarpu?n Kunth, Anthaenantia Beauv.,
Alloteropsis Presl,
P.
Anthephora Schreb., Axonopus P. Beauv., Brachiaria (Trin.) Griseb., Cenchrus L.,
Kunth, Hymenachne
Digitaria Haller, Echinochloa Beauv., Eriochloa Beauv.,
P. P.
P
Hitchc, Panicum
Lasiacis (Griseb.) Melinis Beauv., Oplismenus Beauv., L.,
P.
Paspalidium Stapf, Easpalum- Pennisetum Rich., Phanopyrum (Raf) Nash,
L.,
Reimarochloa Hitchc, Rhynchelytmm Nees, Nash, aria Beauv.,
Sacciolepis Set P.
The
Stenotaphrum Trin. and Urochloa Beauv. revision gave information on the
P.
methods employed to present the taxonomic results and a detailed discussion of
The
taxonomic key
character concepts. results consisted of a to the genera,
synopsis of the characters, comparative diagnostic descriptions, and discussion of
the generic variation.
That paper was followed by Webster and Valdez (1988) which provided a
taxonomic account of the 38 Mesoamerican Paniceae genera which included
Acroceras Stapf, Anthaenantia Beauv., Anthephora Schreb., Arthropogon Nees,
P.
Axonopus Beauv., Brachiaria Griseb., Cenchrus Chaetium Nees,
P. (Trin.) L.,
Kunth,
Dtgitaria Haller, Echinochloa Beauv., Echinolaena Desv., Eriochloa
P.
Homolepis Chase, Hymenachne Beauv., Ichnanthus Beauv., Isachne R. Br.,
P. P.
Ixophorus Schlecht. Lasiacis (Griseb.) Hitchc. Melinis Beauv. Mesosetmn Steud
P.
, , ,
,
P
Paspalum
Oplismenus Beauv., L., Paratheria Griseb., Paspalidium Stapf,
P^/^/r////^
Hitchc, Reynaudia
Pennisetum Rich., Pseudechinolaena Stapf, Reiinarochloa
L.J
9-40.
SiDA 1992
15(1):
Sum
10 1992
15(1):
&
Kim
Rhynchelytmm Nt^tSySacao/ep/s N'dsh.Sa/lachm A. Hitchc. ChdS(:',Setana
til
J
&
Kunth,
P. Beaiiv., SetariopsLS Scribn. Millsp., Stenotaphrum Trin., Thrasya
The
Griseb. and Urochloa Beauv. treatment consisted of an introduc-
Triscenia
P.
tion, additional inforn:)ation on n"iethods, English key, Spanish key, a synopsis in
Spanish, compamtive diagnostic descriptions, and remarks on the genera.
A
new
Descriptions covered by Webster (1988) were not duplicated. of 16
total
descriptions were presented and were comparable to the 25 in Webster (1988).
That paper was foUowed by Webster 989) which provided a tcixonomic
et
al.
(
1
New
account of the 50 recognized genera occurring the Workl. \n hard copy,
in
the paper contained additional information on the specific methods used, a
cumulative description of the tribe, an identification key, and complete set of
An
accompanying
synoptic descriptions. microfiche contained the English,
Spanish, and Portuguese versions of the character hst, keys, and complete
descriptions
for taxa.
all
As
a result of continuing taxonomic studies of the genera of the Paniceae a
A
complete of data of the genera of the world has been gathered. detailed
set
among
discussion of character reliability and morphological similarity the 102
recognized genera provided Webster appropriate time
is in (1992). It is at this
make taxonomic Old World The
to available the data for the genera. objective
of this paper to present a key and set of comparative diagnostic descriptions for
is
Old World
the genera. Information presented here compliments published
fully
New
on World many
studies the genera. In addition, of descriptions presented
in this paper contains comparable information which previously not been
hcis
DELTA
available for the genera. As in previous studies the system (Dallwitz 1974
&
1980) was used for the gathering and presentation of data. Seventy-nine genera
were recognized occurring the Old World. The most diagnostic
as in fifty
characters were chosen to construct the descriptions. To avoid duplication,
26
descriptions are not given for genera treated in previous papers. For these
genera {Acroaras Stapf, Allotiropsis Presl, Anthephora Schreb,, Aximopus Beauv.,
P.
Bruchuma
(Trin.) Griseb., Cenchrus L., Digitaria Haller, Echinochloa Beauv.,
P.
Kunth, Hymenachm
EchhiolcWht Desv., Eriochloa Beauv., Ichncmthns Beauv.,
P. P.
Mel
hachne R. bus Beauv., Opliswenus Beauv., Pankiim Faratheria
Br., P. P. L.,
Griseb., Paspalid}//jn Stapf, Paspal/wi L., Penniseiwn Rich., PseuJechmolaena Stapf,
Rhynchelytram Nees, Saccioleph Nash, Setaria Beauv., Stenotaphrum Trin., and
P.
P
new
Urochloa Beauv.) that occur in both the old and worlds references are given
to previously published comparative descriptions.
Old World
KEY TO
of Paniceae
Ti IE c^,enera ti ie
Rachis terminating
1(0). in a spikclet 2
Rachis terminating in a bristle an unmodified naked point 76
()r
glume
2(1). Disarticulation above the lower or at the spikelet base 3
Webster, Paniceae
11
Disarticulation at the base of the primary branches or at the nodes of the
primary branches 70
4
3(2). Fertile florets
1
68
Fertile florets 2
4(3). Inflorescence a panicle 5
Inflorescence a raceme 58
glume
5(4). First fused with the callus to form a cuplike structure Eriochloa
glume
First not fused with the callus 6
Lemma mu
6( 5 of upper floret ticous 7
).
Lemma
of upper awned 55
floret
Lemma
of upper glabrous 8
7(6). floret
Lemma
of upper hairy 52
floret
Cleistogamous inflorescence present Cleistochloa
8(7).
Cleistogamous inflorescence absent 9
Lemma
of upper with margins 10
9(8). floret flat
Lemma
of upper with involute margins 27
floret
Lemma
10(9). of lower floret with a hyaline area at the base or with the area
between the central nerve and the first lateral nerve thinner in texture
than the rest of the structure 11
Lemma
of lower floret consistent in texture 13
11(10). Second glume gibbose; main axis with distichous primary branches;
spikelets laterally compressed; rachilla pronounced between the
Psmdechinolama
florets
Second glume rounded on the back; main axis with quaquaversal primary
branches; spikelets dorsivenrrally compressed or planoconvex; rachilla
not pronounced between the 12
florets
12(11). First glume encircling the spikelet base; lemma of lower floret with a
glume
central longitudinal groove; second chartaceous ThyricLubm
glume lemma
First not encircling the spikelet base; of lower floret lacking
glume
a central longitudinal groove; second n^iembranous Megaloprotachm
compressed 14
1 3( 1 0). Spikelets laterally
compressed planoconvex 18
Spikelets dorsiventrally or
membrane membrane
14(13). Ligule a or a ciliate 15
16
Ligule a fringe of hairs
glume
15(l4). Pedicels concave; spikelets abaxial; encircling the spikelet
first
base; lemma of upper floret cartilaginous or indurate Homopholh
glume
Pedicels or convex; spikelets adaxial; not encircling the
flat, first
lemma
spikelet base; of upper floret hyaline Cyphochlaena
I6(l4). Main axis with secund primary branches; primary branches spreading;
ume
Rhynchelytrmn
gl hairy
first
Main axis with quaquaversal primary branches; primary branches ap-
main glume
presscd to the axis; first glabrous 17
17(16). Primary branches with appressed secondary branches; plants andromo-
lemma
noecious; of lower mutlcous Lecomtella
floret
Primary branches with spreading secondary branches; plants hermaphro-
lemma awned
of lower AUlinis
ditic; floret
18(13). Spikelets adaxial 19
24
Spikelets abaxial
glume
Second saccate Sacciokpis
1 9( 1 8).
12 SiDA 1992
15(1):
Second glume rounded on back 20
the
glume
20(19). Pedicels perpendicular with the spikelec base; second muticous 21
glume awned
Pedicels oblique to the spikelec base; second Acrilochaete
glume
21(20). First present; primary branches with loosely arranged spikelets;
rachilla pronounced below the second glume 22
glume
First absent; primary branches with neatly arranged
si:)ikelets;
rachilla not pronounced below the second glume Axouopus
glume lemma
22(2 First encircling thespikelet base;plants perennial; of upper
1).
floret with margins of the same texture as the body; C-3 23
glume lemma
First not encircling the spikelet base; plants annual; of up-
per floret with margins thinner in texture than the body; C-4 Hylclkites
23(22). Rachilla pronounced between the florets; primary branches with spikelets
lemma
neither secund nor distichous; pedicels cupuliform the apex;
at
M
low
of u]:)per floret yel icroadamiis
Rachilla not pronounced between the primary branches with
florets;
secund spikelets; pedicels discoid the apex Hymaiachm
at
Lemma
24(1 S). of upper floret chartaceous; lemma of lower floret awned ....Stereochhiaui
Lemma
lemma
of upper cartilaginous or indurate; of lower
flt)ret floret
muticous
25
Lemma
25(24). of upper floret with margins thinner in texture than the body;
C-4
D/(^//^/?7^
Lemma
of upper with margins of the same texture the body;
floret as
C-3 26
26(25). Primary branches with secund spikelets; rachilla not pronounced below
the second glume; upper floret subequal to the length of the lower floret
Amistmchne
Primary branches with spikelets not secund; rachilla pronounced below
—
the second glume; upper 0.6 0.7 times the length of the lower
floret
Homopholh
floret
glume
Second 28
27(9). saccate
Second glume rounded on the back 29
28(27). Ligule a membrane; main axis with quaquaversal priniary branches;
spikelets abaxial; rachilla not pronounced between the florets llydrothaanhi
Ligule a fringe of hairs; main axis with secund primary branches; spikelets
pronounced between
adaxial; rachilla the florets Eccopfoccn'pha
Lemma
29(27). of upper floret hyaline to chartaceous 30
Lemma
of upper floret cartilaginous to indurate 35
membrane membrane
Ligule
30(29). a or a ciliate 31
Ligule a nge of hai 34
fri rs
3 (30). Spikelets laterally compressed; upper floret more than 0.8 times the length
1
of the lower plants mesophytic 32
floret;
Spikelets not laterally compressed; upper floret less than 0.8 times the
length the lower plants hydrophytic 33
of floret;
Main lemma
with secund primary
32(31). axis branches; of tipper floret not
lemma lemma
differentiated at the apex; of lower floret keeled; of upj^er
shiny
Poailos/acbys
flcjret
Main lemma
axis with c]uaquaversal primary branches; of upper
floret
lemma lemma
differentiated at the apex; of lower floret not keeled; of
floret d Cyrtocoaiim
u i^i^er Lill
Webster,
Paniceae
13
glume
33(31). Spikelets adaxial; first not encircling the spikelet base; primary
branches spreading
Louhklla
Spikelets with lateral orientation to abaxial; glume encircling the
first
spikelet base; primary branches appressed to the main axis Uyclrothamna
Main
34(30). axis with secund primary branches; not pronounced between
rachilla
the plants annual
florets; Brachiaria
Main
axis with quaquaversal primary branches; rachilla pronounced be-
tween
the florets; plants perennial Oryzidinm
3 5(29). Rachilla pronounced between the florets 36
Rachilla not pronounced between
the 41
florets
Lemma
36(35). ot upper floret with basal scars or appendages 37
Lemma
of upper lacking appendages
floret basal scars or 38
37(36). Pedicels concave; primary branches with loosely arranged spikelets;
pedicels cupuliform at the apex; rachilla geniculate ichnanthns
Pedicels or convex; primary branches with neatly arranged
flat, spikelets;
pedicels discoid at the apex; rachilla straight Echinolaena
membrane membrane
38(36). Ligule a or a ciliate 39
Ligule a fringe of hai 40
rs
39(38). Primary branches with appressed secondary branches; spikelets adaxial;
primary branches with secund spikelets; lemma of upper floret
yellow
Acroceras
Primary branches with spreading secondary brandies; spikelets ab-axial;
primary branches with spikelets not secund; k*mma of upper
floret
white
Arthragrostn
lemma
40(38). Plants hermaphroditic; spikelets not laterally compressed; of
lower C-3
floret consistent in texture; Yakni
'.
'a
lemma
Plants dioecious; spikelets laterally compressed; of lower
floret
with a hyaline area at the base; C-4 Whiteochk
glume
41(35). First present 42
glume
First absent 49
Lemma
42(4 of upper floret not rugose 43
).
1
Lemma
of upper rugose 48
floret
43(42). Pedicels concave 44
Pedicels or convex 47
flat
44(43). Spikelets adaxial 45
Spikelets abaxial
Ottochloa
45(44). Spikelets laterally compressed Cyrtococcmn
Spikelets dorsi ventrally compressed or planoconvex
A(:)
Upper lemma
46(45). conduplicate at the apex; pedicels truncate Acroceras
Upper lemma becoming
thinner in texture at the apex; pedicels discoid at
the apex
Echimchloa
Upper lemma
not differentiated at the apex; pedicels cupuliform at the
apex Pankum
47(43). Spikelets adaxial; first glume awned; pedicels discoid at the apex; C-3 Oplismenus
glume
Spikelets abaxial; first muticous; pedicels truncate at the apex;
C-4
Paspalmn
membrane; glume lemma
48(42). Ligule a first not encircling the spikelet base;
mmm
of lower floret with a central longitudinal groove Hokol
Ligule a fringe of hairs; first glume encircling the spikelet base; lemma
of lower floret lacking a central longitudinal groove JJrochloa
1992
SiDA
14 15(1):
50
49(41). Spikclcts adaxial
Spikclcts abaxial '^ 1
Primary branches with loosely arranged spikelets; incernodes hollow;
50(19).
palea of lower floret vestigial Yresia
Primary branches with neatly arranged spikelets; internodes solid; palea of
lower absent A.xof/o/m
floret
Primary branches with appressed secondary branches; pedicels to con-
5 (49). flat
1
vex; callus not differentiated; primary branches with secund spikelets
Paspalum
Primary branches with spreading secondary branches; pedicels concave;
primary branches with spikelets not secund TridmLmia
callus differentiated;
lemma
with margins
Cleistogamous inflorescence present; of tipper floret
52(7).
thinner in texture than the body Chhtochloa
lemma
Cleistogamous inflorescence absent; of tipper floret with margins
same body 53
of the texture as the
lemma
53(52). Spikelets adaxial; of upper floret cartilaginous to indurate; planes
54
zomatous
rh
i
Spikelets abaxial; lemma of upper floret membranous; plants annual
Spbaertfuiyy/ofi
lemma
membrane; pronotmced between
54(53). Ligule a ciliate rachil la the florets;
of u]^per floret wi th flat margins ^\ icrocidamus
lemma
pronounced between
Ligule a fringe of hairs; rachilla not the florets;
of upper with involute margins Fjilahisia
floret
56
55(6). First gkin^e encircling the splkelet base
glume 57
First not encircling the spikelet base
Lemma lemma
56(55). of upper floret hyaline; of upper floret with flat margins;
compressed Mtldhracdmbliki
spikelets laterally
Lemma lemma
of upper
of up|x*r floret cartilaginous to indurate; floret
with involute margins; spikelets dorsiventrally comj^ressed llrochloa
lemma
57(55). Spikelets adaxial; of Iciwer floret consistent in texture; ligule a
membrane; pedicels oblicjue to the spikelet base Acrilodkide
lemma
Spikelets abaxial; of lower floret with a hyaline area at the base;
ligule a fringe of hairs; pedicels perpendicular with the spikelet base ...Alloteropsis
59
58(4). Cleistogamous inflorescence present
60
Cleistogamous nflorescence absent
i
Lemma
59(58). of upper floret muticous; rachilla not pronounced between the
Cleisloi'hloa
florets
Lemma
of upper floret awned; rachilla pronounced between the florets
Ccilyptocbloa
Lemma
60(5 of upper g labrous 61
8). floret
Lemma
67
of upper floret hai ry
Lemma
membranous 62
61(60). of upper floret hyaline to
Lemma
63
of tipper floret charraceous
Lemma
of upper floret cartilaginous to indurate (V\
62(6 Ligule a membrane or a ciliate membrane; calltis not differentiated; pedi-
1).
Smwdenia
convex; Africa
cels flat CO
Ligule a fringe of hairs; calltis differentiated; pedicels concave; Australia
Nennnlvie
glume membrane membrane; not
63(61). First absent; ligule a to a ciliate callus
Baptorhachts
difTerentlated
Webster,
Paniceae
15
^lume
First present; ligule a fringe of hairs; callus differentiated Thyrkhlcpis
64(61). Callus differentiated; second glume chartaceous to indurate; plants
xerophy
tic 65
Callus not differentiated; second glume hyaline membranous;
to plants
mesophytic
(>,()
glume
65(64). First with a transverse row of stout seta, the seca subtended by a
hyaline glumes rounded
area; to truncate Tbyridokpis
glume
First lacking a transverse row of stout seta, the seta not sub-
tended by a hyaline glumes acuminate awned
area; to Paranenrachrie
66(64). Pedicels concave; rachilla not pronounced between the lemma of
florets;
upper with margins
floret
flat Ancistrachne
Pedicels flat or convex; rachilla pronounced between the lemma of
florets;
upper with involute margins
floret Echirwlaena
67(60). Spikelets adaxial; rachilla not pronounced between the main
florets; axis
with quaquaversal primary branches; plants perennial
Entolasia
Spikelecs abaxial; rachilla pronounced between the main with
florets; axis
second primary
branches; plan annual
ts Livinopoci
Lemma
of upper membranous
68(3). floret
Coelachne
Lemma
of upper floret chartaceous to indurate
6^)
69(68). Primary inflorescence branches with spreading secondary branches hachne
Primary
inflorescence branches with appressed secondary branches
Heteranthoecia
Lemma
70(2). of upper hyaline ma
floret
Chaetol
Lemma
of upper chartaceous
floret 71
Lemma
of upper
floret cartilaginous ro indurate 73
lemma
71(70). Callus differentiated; of lower membranous; upper
floret floret
more
than 0.8 times the length of the lower 72
floret
lemma
Callus not differentiated; of lower floret chartaceous; upper floret
less than 0.8 times the length of the lower
floret Trachys
72(71). Spikelets adaxial; callus prolonged into a pronounced stipe; glume
first
chartilagineus
Anthepho
ra
glumemem-
Spikelets abaxial; callus not prolonged into a stipe;
first
branous
Tarigidia
liOO). Inflorescence a panicle; spikelets abaxial; plants annual 74
Inflorescence a raceme; spikelets adaxial; plants perennial 75
74(73). Callus differentiated; rachilla not pronounced between the spike-
florets;
mm
8-14
long
lets Faractamuin
Callus not differentiated; rachilla pronounced between the spike-
florets;
mm
4-5
long
lets Arthragrostis
l%li)- Cleistogamous lemma
inflorescence present; of upper awned; pedi-
floret
concave; not
cels callus differentiated
Calyptochloa
Cleistogamous inflorescenceabsent; lemma of upper floretmuticous;pedi-
cels flat to convex; callus differenriated Tk
^ouarea
76( Inflorescence a panicle 77
1 ).
raceme
Inflorescence a
^(^
Inflorescence a spike or a solitary spikeiet 98
11 Cleistogamous
{J G). inflorescence present 78
Cleistogamous
inflorescence absent
..79
lemma
78(77). Disarticulation at the spikeiet base; callus not differentiated; of
lower indurate
floret D'mochondrNs
1992
SiDA
15(1):
16
Disarticulation at the base of the primary branches; callus dilferentiated;
lemma membranous
Pijraiher'ui
of lower floret
^^
79(77). Disarticulation at the spikelet base
Disarticulation the base of the primary branches or at the nodes of the
at
^^
mary
branches
pri
hermaph
Plants rodi
80(79). ic **^ 1
t
Hygrochloa
monoecious
Plants
andromonoecious Psemlochaetochloa
Plants
82
^lume
81(80) First encircling the spikelet base
glume 83
not encircling the spikelet base
First
82(81) Main axis with distichous or with secund primary branches Paspdlidium
Main with quaquaversal primary branches Seiarid
axis
lemma
83(81) Rachilla pronounced between the florets; of lower floret lacking a
central longitudinal groove Pse/nloraphis
lemma
Rachilla not pronounced between the florets; of lower floret with
a central longi tud nal groove Holcolvi/imd
i
Lemma lemma
84(79) of uj^pcr floret muticous; of lower floret lacking a central
longitudinal groove ^^5
Lemma lemma
of upper floret awned; of lower floret with a central longi-
Vrauthm-'iNm
groove
tudinal
Lemma membranous 86
85(84) of upper floret hyaline to
88
Lcm ma
of upper chartaceous
floret
Lemma 92
of upper floret cartilaginous to indurate
;
lemma
86(85) Main axis with distichous primary branches; of lower floret linear
Cbdmaenipbh
oblong
to
lemma
Main axis with quaquaversal primary branches; of lower floret
87
lanceolate, ovate or elliptic
87(86) Plants hermaphroditic; rachilla pronounced between the florets; primary
glume
branches with secund spikelets; second lore than 0.8 times
Pstuchrdphis
spikelet length
Plants andromonoecious; rachilla not pronounced between the florets; pri-
glume
mary branches with spikelets not secund, second less than 0.8
times spikelet length Pseinhihdetochlod
89
88(85) Plants hermaphroditic; upper floret perfect
andromonoecious; upper staminate only PseNilocbdetachlod
Plants floret
90
unbranched
Bristles
91
branched
Bristles
Cauhr/Ls
apex
Callus the
(90(89). flared at
Callus not the apex PennisetNm
flared at
ChUnvcdlymma
annual
91(89). Callus differentiated; plants
Call us not differen laced plants perennial OJontelytr/ziu
c
;
Main with distichous or secund primary branches 93
92(85). axis
Main with quaquaversal primary branches 9^
axis
glume primary
93(92). Callus differentiated; first encircling the spikelet base;
branches plants lacking stolons Pdrdctden/du
reflexed;
glume
Callus not differentiated; not encircling the spikelet base; pri-
first
mary branches appressed to the main axis; plants scoloniferous Siviiotdphrdnj
95
(91(92). Bristles subtending all spikelets; leaf blades filiform to linear
Bristles not subtending all spikelets; leaf blades ovate S/replo/uph/zs
Whbstkr, 17
Paniceae
m
Callus the apex Cenchr.
95(94). flared at
Callus not flared at the apex Perniiseti/m
Lemma
membranous^
96(76). of upper floret hyaline to callus not differentiated;
pronounced between the Vseuchrdphh
rachilla florets
Lemma
of upper cartilaginous to indurate; callus differentiated;
floret
rachilla not pronounced between the florets 97
97(96). Flowering culms terminated by a solitary inflorescence; callus prolonged
pronounced Th/uirea
into a stipe
Flowering culms with inflorescences densely clustered in a spatheate
panicle; callus not prolonged into a stipe Spif//fex
lemma
98(76). Callus differentiated; of upper floret with flat margins; rachilla not
pronounced below second glume 99
the
lemma
Callus not differentiated; of upper floret with involute margins;
glume
pronounced below the second Zygochloa
rachilla
99(98). Flowering culms with inflorescences in a spatheate raceme Xcrochloa
Flowering culms with inflorescences densely clustered in a spatheate
pani Sp'niifex
icle
OlO WoRLD
DESCRIPTIONS FOR GENERA OF THE PaNICEAE
Acritochaete
Pilger
Plants hermaphrocJitic; annual. Flowering culms terminated by a solitary
Main
membrane. with secund
inflorescence. Ligule a Inflorescence a panicle. axis
primary branches. Primary branches appressed to the main axis; with appressed
secondary branches. Rachis terminating in a spikelet. Pedicels discoid at the apex;
oblique to the spikelet base; Disarticulation at the spikelet base. Callus not
flat.
homomor-
differentiated. Cleistogamous inflorescence absent. Spikelets solitary;
glume with
phic; adaxial; dorsiventrally compressed. First not fused the callus;
present; not encircling the spikelet base; not inflated at the base. Rachilla not
pronounced below the second glume; not pronounced between the florets. Second
indumentum
glume
present; rounded on the back; not uncinate. Fertile florets
Lemma
membranous;
of lower consistent in texture; lacking a central
floret
1.
Lemma
longitudinal groove. of upper chartaceous; faintly muricate; grey;
floret
dull; with margins; with margins thinner in texture than the body; glabrous;
flat
without basal modifications; not differentiated at the apex. C-4. Africa.
—
&
Webster Valdez
Acroceras Stapf see R. (1988).
—
Webster
Alloteropsis
Presl see (1988).
Ancistrachne Blake
S,T.
Plants hermaphroditic; perennial. Flowering culms terminated by a solitary
inflorescence. Ligule a ciliate membrane. Inflorescence a panicle, or a raceme.
Main with quaquaversal primary branches. Primary branches appressed to
axis
main spreading; with appressed secondary branches. Rachis terminat-
the axis to
with
ing in a spikelet. Pedicels cupuliform at the apex; perpendicular the spikelet
concave. Disarticulation the spikelet base. Callus not differentiated.
base; at
18
SiOA 1992
15(1):
Cleistogamous homomorphic;
inflorescence absent. Spikelecs
solitary; abaxial;
dorsiventrally compressed to planoconvex. Firstgkime not fused with the
callus;
present; encirchng the spikelet hise; not inflated at the base. Rachilla not pro-
nounced below the second glume; not pronounced between the Second
florets.
gltime present; rounded on the back; indumentum uncinate. Fertile florets
1.
Lemma
membranous
of lower
floret to chartaceous; consistent in texture; lacking
Lemma
a central longitudinal groove. of upper
floret cartilaginous to indurate;
smooth brown
(faintly striate); to yellow; dull; with margins; with margins
flat
same
of the texture as the body; glabrous; without basal modifications; not
differentiated at the apex, C-3- Asia and Australia.
—
&
Anthephora
Webster
Schreb. Vaj.oez R. (19H8).
^see
Arthragrostis
Lazarides
Plants hermaphroditic; annual. Flowering culms terminated by
a solitary
inflorescence. Ligule a ciliate membrane. Liflorescence a panicle. Main axis with
1
quacjuaversal primary branches. Primary branches spreading; with spreading
secondary branches. Rachis terminating
in a spikelet. Pedicels truncate the
at
apex; perpendicular with
the spikelet base; concave. Disarticulation the
at
spikelet base and at the base of the primary branches. Callus not differentiated.
Cleistogamous
homomorphic;
inflorescence absent. Spikelets
solitary; abaxial;
glume
clorsiventrally compressed. First not fused with the callus; present; en-
circling the spikelet base; not inflated at the base. Rachilla pronounced below the
second glume; pronounced between
the lacking appendages.
florets; lateral
glume Lemma
Second rounded on
present; the back. Fertile florets of lower
1
.
membranous;
floret consistent in texture; lacking a central longitudinal groove.
Lemma
of upper floret cartilaginotis; smooth; white; dull; with involute mar-
with margins same
gins; of the texture the body; glabrous; without
as basal
modifications; not
differentiated at the apex. C-3. Australia.
—
Axonopvis
Beauv. WEiiSTER
see (198(S).
P.
&
Baptorhachis
Clayton Renvoise
Plants hermaphroditic; annual. Flowering culms terminated by
a solitary
membrane.
inflorescence. Ligule a cillate Inflorescence a raceme. Rachis termi-
nating
in a spikelet. Pedicels trtincate at the apex; perpendicular with the spikelet
base; concave. Disarticulation at the spikelet bcise. Callus not differentiated.
Cleistogamous
inflorescence absent. Spikelets paired; homomorphic; abaxial;
glume
planoconvex. First not fused with the callus; absent. Rachilla not pro-
nounced below the second glume; not pronounced between the Second
florets.
glume Lemma
present, or absent; rounded on the back. Fertile of lower
florets
1.
membranous;
floret consistent in texture; lacking a central longitudinal groove.