of the roman empire

374 Pages·2003·15.93 MB·English

THE HISTORY
OF THE
DECLINE AND FALL O F
THE ROMAN EMPIRE
BY
EDWARD GIBBON
EDITED BY
J. B. BURY, M.A.
WTH AN INTRODUCTION
BY
THE RT. HON. W. E. H. LECKY
VOL. IV
NEW YORK
FRED DE FAU & COMPANY
PUBLISHERS
COPYRIGHT. x#,
FRED DE FAU & COMPANY.
CONTENTS OF THE FOURTH VOLUME
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . . . . . . . . . ?Anm
CHAPTER XXII
Julian- is T &hJea Drecda lEh mopf eCromr btayn thtaew L e-gio Cnisv oilf AGdarunl i-nHisitsr alMh aorf c/hd ainmd S ycuss
AD. TFheaer sJ eaanldou Esyn voyf oCf oCnsotnasnttaiunsti uasg ains.t Jul.i an .. . .. ... 31
363 HTTHTiihhsh ee eiypE rL r mpoDertbgoeiisacsocstlnaosaytsinim ototefno nJs tGu Cso laofi uin.nIl sn taEnaronme.ct ipoeurnesdrc oee..rr e d t.o... mar...c h in...t o th...e Eas....t .... 6397
3Q, 361 His fourth and fifth Expeditionbs e &d'the &ne . 1I31
361 Fruitless Treaant yd Declaration of War . . . . 14
HJ+IiSan m aprcrehp farroems ttoh ea tRtahciiknInU te Co y ornicsutamn tius . .. .. .. .. 1197
HHoes jtuilset iPlireesp hairsa tCioanuss e .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 22
361 Death of Constantius . . . . . . . . 24
336611 HIJsui lsai accknGivn oeiolvn wetelrenrsdm gCeeondnt b syta tnhtaienn owdp hplEeor mli ev. ap tiere L .i fe ... ... ... ... ... 924a8785
RCehfaomrmharti oofn Jouf sttihcee Palam. .. . . .. .. .. .. 31
Punishment of the Innocent and the Guity . . . . 3354
Q Clemency of Julian . . . . . . . . 38
His love of Freedom and the Republic . . . . . 39
HHJuiilssi a ccnah,r aea rnaofc Ottehrrae t oGrr aen.c ida na C.J uitdiegse. ... ... ... ... ... ... 444421
CHAPTER XXIII
The Religion of Julian - Universal Tohdion - He attempts to restme ad
reform the Pagan Worship; to rebuild the Tempk of Jerusdm - His
artfd Persecutim of the Christians - MUud Zed and Injnsticc
. . . . . . .
351 HTHRheeisle i eg EmAiodlbnuler cagoacfo teriJsoieu ntslh iaaenn Md .A JC&ICoYl.o g y o.f. Pag..a nism.. ... .I. ... ... 45546820
V
'ALMA COLLEGE
MONTEITH LIBRARY
ALMA, MICHIGAN
vi CONTENTS
.
Aa . . . . . . ? Am
TheologicalSystemof Julian . . . . . . 53
Fanaticism of the Philosophers
. . . . .
Initiationa nd Fanaticism of Julian
. . . . . . .
His religious Dissimulation
. . . . . .
He des againsC t hristianity
. .
361 UniversaTl oleration
361-363 Zeal and Devotion ofJulian in the R&orak~.o~k Paganism
. . . . . . .
Reformation of Pag.anisn. . . . . . . .
The Philosophers
. . . . . . . . . .
Conversions
The Jews . . .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Description of .~em.&em. . . . . . . . 74
Pil$rimages L'
. . . . .
363 Jullan attempts to rebuild the. Tem.ple . . . . . 7
TheE nterpnse is defeated 80
. . . . . .
HPPpaee rrr othihaaiplbistiy ttbsh yoC e f haJr ipusrltieiaatennrs n atur.a l E&ven tt e.achin.g &Is. .. ... ... SI
Disgraceand Oppressionof the Christians
They are condemned to restore the Pa Temples . .
. . . .
NThegel eTcetm anpdle Parnodf asnaactrieodn Gof roDvaeo pfh nDe ap.E . ;he
361 Removal of the dead Bodies. and Codaption of T&&
. . . . .
Juliin shuts the Cathedral of Antioch 93
George of Cappadociao ppressesA lexandria and Egypt . 95
36r HHeei siws morasshsiapcpreedd bays P teha o eSp alein t and && .. .. .. .. 99r6
36, Restoration of Athanasius . . .. .. .. .. 99
He is persecuted andexpelled by Julia n . . . . 101
361363 Zeal and Imprudence of the Christians 103
CHAPTER XXIV
RGsideAcc of Julian d Anhh. His mustjul E~peddiom &he
Pcrsiaru .Pass age of the Tigris .The Rektmi and Death oj Juliam .
eLE& of Jovian .He saws the h uArm y by a disgraafd TrW
. . . . . . . .
362r esoT Hlhve ees Csesars toof PmJaeugatr hrals iciieaanh nns ts . . . . 11 0086
Juliin p dCfroo nmst antinople to Antioch . . . 109
LicenMtioa unsn ers oPf eto hpel e of Antioch . . . IIO
TSchaericri tAy voef rsCioonr nto, a Jnddi paunb lDic is.conte.nt . .. .. .. ., 111111
314L-3ibJ9au0nl iiauTns h c eo mSoppohseisst a Satire again.As tn tio.ch . .. .. .. . , 111154
363 March of Julian to the Euphrates . . . . . . r rp
His Design of invading Persia . .. .. .. .. .. 1 19
Disaffection of the King .of Ar.meni.a . . . . . x 10 ,
Military Preparations 111
Jutlhiaen e nters Persian Territories . .. .. .. .. 1 23
His March over the Desert of Mesopotamia
DHeiss csruipcctieosns of .A ssy;ia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1'222537
CONTENTS
... Vii
..
AD. .
.. . . . . . . . .
Inwsianof Assyria
. . . . . ... . . .
Siege Perisabor
siege .M.a ogamalchr . . ... . . . . .
Personal B..eh.a viour of Ju.li.an
He transports his Fleet from the Eupadten the'Tigr&
Pa=ge the Tigris and Victory . the. Rom.ans .. .. ..
Situation Obstinacy Juhn
... ....... . . . . . . .
He burns his Fleet
. . . . . . . .
Marches against Sapor . . . .
Retreat ...D.i.st ress Ro.man. Arm.y . . . .
363 DJuelaiathn oisf. .mJ.uo l.rita.an.ll y w.o u.nd..e..d . .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Election Emperor 'Jovi.an.
Danger DifEiculty .. Retre.at .. .. .. .. ..
TNheeg oWtiaetiaoknn essanTdr eDatiysg racP.Je o.e va.ci aen ... . . . .
. . . . .
HUen ci.ov.net din uCelsa mhios uRra egtraeinats t. .N isTibriesa ty Peace . . .
..
Joviane vacuates Nisibi.s. an.d res.tores. the .five .Prov.inces.
the Persians
. . . . .
Refctions the Death J d i
. . . . . . . . .
On his Funeral
CHAPTER XXV
Thc GovmnmnJ and Dcdh of Jovian- Election of Valmtiniaion. who asso-
ciaks his Brother Vdenr. and mkcs tke final Division of thc Easlenr
and Westem Empires- Revoll of Prompius-Civil and E&siastical
Admm~slrocion-G-ny-B~~~n-AAfrica-TThcEast-TTkcD~
de-Death of Valdinian- His two Sons. GraJian and VderJinian
II., succeed to the We'cslmr Empire
. . . . . . . .
363 State of the Church 173
. . . . .
Jovian proclaims universal Toleration 176
. . . . . . .
His progress from Antioch 171
364 Jovian. with hi infant Son. assumes the Name and Ensigns
. . . . . . . .
of the Consulship
j6q Death of Jovian . . . . . . . . . =1 7789
Vacancy of the Throne . . . . . . . . I&
3f54 Election and Character of Valentinian . . . . . 181
He is acknowledged by the Army . . . . . . 182
hssoVciaatleesn sh is Brother . . . . . . 1 84
364 The h a 1D ivision of the Eastern and Western Empires . %
. . . . . . . .
365 Revolt of Pmcopius
366 His Defeat and Death . . . . . . . .
190
373 Severe Inquisition into the Crime of Magic at Rome and Antioch 192
364-375 The Cruelty of Valentinian and Valens . . . . 196
Their Laws and Government . . . . . . 9 '8
Valentinian maintainsA trhiea nRisemli.g ious Toleration . . 201
367378 Valensp rofesses and persecutes the Catholics 203
. . . . . . . .
373 Death of Athanasius zog
Just Ideaof the Persecution of Valens . . . . . 2 05
370 Valentirneisa tnra ins the Avarice of the Clergy . . . 2 07
366-304 Ambition and Luxury of Damasus. Bishop of Rome . 209
...
CONTENTS
vlll
3A6D4. -375 Foreign Wars . . . . . .
365 I. G-FJWMY. The Alemamii n vadeG aul .
366 DTheef ema t . . . . . ..
336781 VTThhaleee nSBtauixnroiginunsn pdai.as nstss , ..a nd f..o rtifi..e s, th..e R hin..e ..
11. BRITAIN. The Scots and Pias . .
343-366 Their Invasion of Britain . . ..
336676- 371011 . RAFeRsItCoAra. tioTny orf anBnryit aoifn Rbyo mTahneucsd osiu. s .
372 Revolt of Firmus . . . . .
373 Theodosius recovers Afria . . . .
376 He is executed at Carthage . . . .
State of Africa . . . . .
.
365-378 IV. THE EAST. The Persian War
384 ATThdr eeva etnyt ures ooff PPaeraac,e King. of A. rmen. ia .. ..
336676, 3 6VT8.h,3 eT6 9Hc auEsD eH AooNf sUtthGiBl eioEt it.eh WsiC caa onrnd q Pueeastcse o f H..e rma..n ric ...
i;i War of thQe uada in d Sarmatians . .
The Expedition of Valentinian . . .
His Death . . .
The Emperors Gratian and Valentkian'II.
CHAPTER XXYI
Manws of the Pasknd Nations - Progress of the Huns, from Chim lo
Ewopc - Flighi of the Goths - They pass the Danube - Gothic War -
Defeat and Death of Vahs- Gatian invests Theodon'ur with the
Eastern Empire - His Char& and Svccess - Peace and SetUemcd of
thG dks
365 Earthquakes . . . . . . . . .
376 THhau enn ds Goths . . . . . . . .
THEDxhaieebetri ctPaisateisosto. n rsa l M... ann...e rs of... the ...S cyth...i ans,... o r T...a rtan... .... ....
Government . . . . . . . . . .
a110o40r1 -8TTTTTS07-1ihh hhh teeeueeDiii a rrrHWet icWECouhlinmnoinaa tS sneenri egsq odaHa Eru f wna tFexu ttdoi sahitntCf otehl esslnn ht ithtoV snih nf oe e.leS H Sogcsofoyeafu t g. t nhhSd..is e icaa y nHtahu ....i n a s, or....... T art.......a ry ........ ........ ........ ........
375 TThheeiirr VCiocntdaruieesst o ovf erth teh eA Glaontih s. .. .. ... ... ... ...
376 The Goths implore the Protection of Valens
TThheeiyr aDrei sttrraenasspaonrdte dD oisvceor nthteen Dt anu.b e int.o the. R om.a n Em. piFe.
.
Ass Mreda. .
Revolt of the Goths in .and. their. 6rst. Victo.ries . .
377 TOhpeeyr aptieonnestroaft et hien tGo oTthhricaWce ar . . .. .. ..
Union of the Goths with the Huns. Alan.i. &c. . . .
37 8 Viory of Gratian over the Alema.mi . . . . .
Valens marches against t.he G.oths . . . . . .
Battle of Hadrianople . . . . . . .
The Defeat of the Romans
. . . . .
Death of the Emperor Valens . . . .
Funeral Oration of Valens and his'Army
. . . . . .
The Goths besiege Hadrianople . . . .
37% 379 They ravagteh e Roman Provinces . . . .
37 8 Massacre of the GothiYc outh in Asia
379 The Emperor Grat.ian i.nwsts. The.orloG.us w.ith th.e Em.pire.
of the East
. . . . .
Birth and Character of Theodosius
.
379382 His prudent and successfulC onduct of the Go.thic .War . 3 26
DivisionsD. efeat. and Submission o.f the. Goth.s . . . s ag
381 Deatha nd Funeral of Athauric . . 33'
386 Invasion and Defeat of thGe ruthungi. or Ostrogo.ths . . 333
383-395 Settlement of the Goths i.n Th.race a.nd A.sia . . . 335
Their hostile Sentiments 337
. . . . . . . . . . .
APPENDIX 441
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
A ROMAN F m . . . . . . . F Ianaipsirr
From a drawing by Jan Styka.
. . . . . . . . FAG.
JULIAN THE APOSTATE 20
From a bust in the Capitoline Museum.
. . . . . . . .
MAP OF MESOPOTAMIA 1%
. . . . . .
JOVUNWITHAH~GPARTY 174
From a bas-relief on the Tomb of Jovian.
. . . . .
BATTLEB ETWEEN ROMANASN D GAULS 21s
From a bas-relief.
. . . . . . .
Aac~O F CONST~INER,O ME 290
From a photograph.