Oestlundia: A New Genus of Orchidaceae in Laeliinae

4 Pages·2001·0.54 MB·

by  Higgins, Wesley E

Selbyana 22(1): 1-4. 2001.
OESTLUNDIA: A NEW GENUS OF ORCHIDACEAE IN LAELIINAE
WESLEY E. HIGGINS
Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110670,
Gainesville, FL 32611-0670, USA.
Current address: Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 811 South Palm Avenue,
Sarasota, FL 34236-7726, USA.
E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT. Encyclia section Leptophylium Dressler & Pollard is a monophyletic group that must be raised
to generic status to keep sister clades equally ranked. The generic name Oestlundia is proposed for this
clade in honor of Karl Erik Magnus Ostlund. New combinations are made for Oestlundia cyanocolumna,
O. distantiflora, O. luteorosea, and O. tenuissima.
Key words: Orchidaceae, taxonomy, Encyclia, Epidendrum, Leptophylium, Oestlundia, cyanocolumna,
distantiflora, luteorosea, tenuissima, Laeliinae
INTRODUCTION he retired and devoted himself to orchid studies.
Ostlund died in Cuemavaca, Mexico, on Feb
A DNA analysis of three gene regions, ITS, ruary 27, 1938. The Ostlund Orchid Herbarium
matK, and tmL-F, produces a phylogeny (FIG was the finest collection of orchids to ever come
URE 1) for Encyclia section Leptophyllum that out of Mexico and perhaps the finest from any
shows it more closely related to Prosthechea Latin American country at that time (Williams
than to Encyclia (Higgins et al. in press). The 1951). The Ostlund heirs donated his collection
DNA voucher locations are listed in TABLE 1. to the Oakes Ames Orchid Herbarium at Har
Based upon a combined analysis of molecular vard University. Duplicate sets of specimens
and morphological data (Higgins 2000), Ency were distributed to many institutions, including
clia section Leptophyllum Dressler & Pollard the Smithsonian Institute National Museum of
(Dressler & Pollard 1971), excluding Epiden Natural History (US), and Missouri Botanical
drum subulatifolium A. Rich. & Galeotti, is a Garden (MO).
monophyletic group that must be raised to ge
neric status to keep sister clades equally ranked.
Since the sectional name Leptophyllum is oc NEW GENUS
cupied at the generic level in the Caryophylla
Oestlundia WE. Higgins, gen. nov. TYPE: Epi
ceae by Leptophyllum Ehrh. (Ehrhart 1784), a
dendrum cyanocolumna Ames, F.T. Hubb.
new name is required for this group. The name
& C. Schweinf.
Oestlundia, proposed here, commemorates Karl
Erik Magnus Ostlund (1875-1938) who collect Planta epiphytica, foliis grarniniformibus, pseudo
ed the type specimen for the species. bulbis fasciculatis, ovoideis a conico-ovoideis, inflo
Ostlund was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on rescentia simp lice vel ramosa, floribus paucis a multis,
February 3, 1875. He received the degree of labelo continuo cum base columnae, labelo unilobato
adnato a columna papillato vel camoso-porcato, co
Chemical Engineer from the Royal Institute of
lumna recta tridentata, dente mediano parvo obtuso,
Technology in 1897 and, in 1909, was appointed
dentibus lateralibus grandibus aliformibus, rostello
manager of the Empresa de Telefonos Ericsson
horizontale.
S/A, Mexico. The Mexican Orchidaceae became
the compelling interest in his life, and in 1928 Pseudobulbs clustered or up to 3 cm apart on
TABLE 1. DNA voucher information.
Taxon Voucher number
Oestlundia cyanocolumna (Ames, ET. Hubb. & C. Schweinf.) W.E. Higgins FLAS 200717
Oestlundia distantiflora (Rich. & Gal.) W.E. Higgins AMO MAS 9324
Oestlundia luteorosea (Rich. & Gal.) W.E. Higgins W. Bussey, Mexico
Oestlundia luteorosea (Rich. & Gal.) W.E. Higgins Orquideas del Valle, Colombia
Oestlundia tenuissima (Ames, Hubb. & Schweinf.) W.E. Higgins FLAS 200719
1
2 SELBYANA Volume 22(1) 2001
21
6 J Encyclia cordigera
1 13
2 67 Encyc/ia incumbens
A T 22
Encyclia oncidioides
1
7
Encyc/ia tampensis
7 I
4 90 I 12 Encyc/ia diuma
7 74 10
51 Encyc/ia asperula
8
EncyC/ia randii
7 9 19
63 95 29 I EncyC/ia candollei
100 I 13
22 EncyC/ia dichroma
100 21 Encycfia adenocaula
34
Encyclia bractescens
1
46 I Oestlundia luteorosea
100 I 2 Oestlundia /uteorosea
8 26
- 67 11 J Oestlundia cyanocolumna
22 87 31 Oestlundia tenuissima
100 29
Oestlundia distantiflora
14
c;;:2= Euchife citrina
28
100 Euchife mariae
3
Euchile mariae
9
3 I Proslhechea chimborazoensis
12 I 11 Prosthechea fragrans
100 15
7 Prosthechea aemufa
95
15
6 5 Prosihechea abbreviata
21
85 Prosthechea cochleata
6
B 94 19 I 16 Prosthechea pygmaea
9
100 Prosthechea pseudopygmaea
3
26
8 I Prosthechea vitellina
23
93 - Prosthechea glauca
7
9 73 9 I 5 Prosthechea ionocentra
4
100 67 100 I 15 Prosthechea prismatocarpa
9
Prosthechea cretacea
26
Prosthechea ochracea
FIGURE 1. A selected DNA tree showing Oestlundia phylogeny. Fitch branch lengths are above the line and
bootstrap indices below. ACCTRAN character optimization is used for branch lengths. The nodes that collapse
in the strict consensus tree are marked with a dot forming polytomies at points A and B.
HIGGINS: OESTLUNDIA, A NEW ORCHID GENUS 3
A
8
c
E
OO'0D
2mm
D
FIGURE 2. Oestlundia cyanocolumna flower. A. Lateral view of flower. B. Top view of column and lip with
anthercap removed. C. Side view of column showing lip transition to column. D. Bottom view of column with
top and side view of anther. and side view of pollinia. E. Dissected flower showing sepals. petal. and lip.
rhizome, ovoid, spheric-ovoid, conic-ovoid, or branched, 5-45 em long; flowers 2-12, the se
fusiform-ovoid, 0.7-7 X 0.3-2.5 cm. Leaves pals and petals pale yellow, yellow, orange-yel
1-3 per pseudobulb, linear, ligulate-linear, or el low, olive-green, or green-yellow shading dis
liptic-Jigulate, obtuse or acute, 3.5-25 X 0.15-1 tally to brown or purplish brown, the lip yellow,
cm. Inflorescence pedunculate, simple or orange-yellow, or cream-white centrally marked
4 SELBYANA Volume 22( I) 200 I
with dull violet or green stripe, the column yel 15. 1934. TYPE: Mexico, Michoacan, Bar
low, orange-yellow, green-yellow, dark purple ranca de las Minas, Ostlund 2246 (AMES).
or blue-violet. Sepals linear-Ianceolate, elliptic SYNONYM: Encyclia tenuissima (Ames, RT.
oblong, oblong-oblanceolate, or oblanceolate, Hubb. & C. Schweinf.) Dressler, Brittonia
apex obtuse, subobtuse, or acute, 7-18 X 1.5-3 13(3): 265. 1961.
mm. Petals spatulate or oblanceolate-spatulate,
The genus can be identified by a suite of char
oblanceolate-linear, sub1inear, linear, or oblan
acteristics. Unique in the subtribe is the combi
ceolate, apex attenuate, subobtuse, obtuse or
nation of a horizontal rostellum and wing-like
acute, 7-17 X 0.5-3 mm. Lip basally adnate or
lateral teeth on the column along with an un
adnate to column for about Y-% length of col
3 lobed lip markedly adnate to the column bearing
umn, total length 8-16 mm; the blade unlobed,
fleshy ridges/papillae. A parsimony analysis
lanceolate, obovate or cuneate-obovate, or cu
(Higgins 2000) of these characters across the
neate, apex acute, retuse or obtuse, 8.5-10 X
subtribe Laeliinae revealed, however, that the
3.5-7 mm; callus of 2 explanate or fleshy ridges
only unambiguous morphological synapomor
or keels at base of blade, together subquadrate,
phy for the genus is the smooth transition of the
passing into 3 of 5-7 very fleshy, warty, verru
lip to the column (FIGURE 2).
cose, or papillose veins which run nearly to the
Oestlundia is endemic to Mexico with the ex
apex of the lip, outer veins may be crenulate.
ception of O. luteorosea, which also occurs in
Column about 3-6 mm long, slender, the mid
Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Costa Rica,
tooth obtuse, shorter than the wing-like lateral
Colombia, Venezuela, Paraguay, Bolivia, and
teeth which are subequal to or surpass the anther,
Peru. These medium to high elevation (600-
lateral teeth joined by horizontal rostellum. Cap
2000 m) plants usually are found in dry forests.
sule ellipsoid, 15-20 X 5-8 mm (Dressler &
Typically, this habitat is very dry January to
Pollard 1976).
May. Thus in cultivation, they require cool to
intermediate growing conditions with complete
INCLUDED TAXA drying of the roots between waterings.
Oestlundia cyanocolumna (Ames, RT. Hubb. & ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
C. Schweinf.) W.E. Higgins, comb. nov.
BASIONYM: Epidendrum cyanocolumna I thank Mark Whitten and John Atwood for
Ames, RT. Hubb. & Schweinf. Bot. Mus. reviewing this article. I also thank Bijan Dehgan
Leafl. 3: 2. 1934. TYPE: Mexico, Pueb1a, Te for the use of the Horticultural Systematics Lab
ziutlan, Ostlund 2413 (AMES). SYNONYM: at the University of Florida. This research was
Encyclia cyanocolumna (Ames, RT. Hubb. partially funded by the American Orchid Soci
& C. Schweinf.) Dressler, Brittonia 13(3): ety. Florida Agricultural Experiment Station
264. 1961. Journal Series No. N01893.
Oestlundia distantifiora (A. Rich. & Gal.) WE.
Higgins, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Epiden LITERATURE CITED
drum distantiflorum A. Rich. & Gal. Ann.
Sci. Nat., ser. 3, 3: 19. 1845. TYPE: Mexico, Dressler, RL. and G.E. Pollard. 1971. Nomenclatural
notes on the Orchidaceae: IV. Phytologia 21(7):
Veracruz, Mirador, Galeotti 5250 (W). SYN
433-439.
ONYM: Encyclia distantiflora (A. Rich. &
---. 1976. The Genus Encyc1ia in Mexico, 2nd ed.
Galeotti) Dressler & G.E. Pollard, Phyto-
Asociaci6n Mexicana de Orquideologia, A.C.,
10gia 21(7): 437. 1971. Mexico City.
Oestlundia luteorosea (A. Rich. & Gal.) W.E. Ehrhart, J.F. 1784. Leptophyllum. Beitr. Naturk. 4: 147.
Higgins, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Epiden Higgins, W.E. "Intergeneric and Intrageneric Phylo
drum luteoroseum A. Rich. & Gal. Ann Sci. genetic Relationships of Encyclia (Orchidaceae)
Nat., ser. 3, 3: 19. 1845. TYPE: Mexico, Gal Based upon Holomorphology." Ph.D. diss., Hor
eotti 5233 (P). SYNONYM: Encyclia luteo ticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gaines
ville, 2000.
rosea (A. Rich. & Galeotti) Dressler & G.E.
Higgins, WE., C. van Den Berg and W.M. Whitten (in
Pollard, Phytologia 21: 437. 1971.
press). A combined molecular phylogeny of En
Oestlundia tenuissima (Ames, Hubb. & c. cyclia (Orchidaceae) and relationships within Lae
Schweinf.) W.E. Higgins, comb. nov. BAS liinae. Lindleyana.
IONYM: Epidendrum tenuissimum Ames, Williams, L.O. 1951. The Orchidaceae of Mexico. Cei
Hubb. & C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafi. 3: ba 2: 5-321.