Table Of ContentOECD Information Technology Outlook 2
0
1
0
Information technology (IT) and the Internet are major drivers of research, innovation, growth and
social change. The 2010 edition of the OECD Information Technology Outlook analyses the economic
OECD Information
crisis and recovery, and suggests that the outlook for IT goods and services industries is good after
weathering a turbulent economic period better than during the crisis at the beginning of the 2000s.
The industry continues to restructure, with non-OECD economies, particularly China and India, major Technology Outlook
suppliers of information and communications technology-related goods and services.
The role of information and communications technologies (ICTs) in tackling environmental problems
and climate change is analysed extensively, with emphasis on the role of ICTs in enabling more
widespread improvements in environmental performance across the economy and in underpinning
systemic changes in behaviour.
Recent trends in OECD ICT policies are analysed to see if they are rising to new challenges in the
recovery. Priorities are now on getting the economy moving, focusing on ICT skills and employment,
broadband diffusion, ICT R&D and venture finance, and a major new emphasis on using ICTs to
tackle environmental problems and climate change.
O
E
C
D
In
f
o
r
m
a
t
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
O
Please cite this publication as: u
t
OECD (2010), OECD Information Technology Outlook 2010, OECD Publishing. lo
o
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/it_outlook-2010-en k
This work is published on the OECD iLibrary, which gathers all OECD books, periodicals and statistical
databases. Visit www.oecd-ilibrary.org, and do not hesitate to contact us for more information.
2010
Isbn 978-92-64-08466-7 -:HSTCQE=U]Y[[\:
93 2010 02 1 P 2010
www.oecd.org/publishing
OECD Information
Technology Outlook
2010
This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The
opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official
views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries.
Please cite this publication as:
OECD (2010), OECD Information Technology Outlook 2010, OECD Publishing.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/it_outlook-2010-en
ISBN 978-92-64-08466-6 (print)
ISBN 978-92-64-08873-3 (PDF)
The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use
of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli
settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.
Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda.
© OECD 2010
You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and
multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable
acknowledgment of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should
be submitted to [email protected]. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be
addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC)
at [email protected].
FOREWORD
Foreword
T
he OECD Information Technology Outlook 2010 has been prepared by the OECD under the
guidance of the OECD Committee for Information, Computer and Communications Policy (ICCP), and
in particular the Working Party on the Information Economy. This edition is the tenth in a biennial
series designed to provide members with a broad overview of trends and near-term prospects in the
information technology (IT) industry, analysis of the growing impact of IT on the economy and
society, developments and emerging applications in selected areas of information technology and a
review of IT policies and new policy directions. The2010 edition builds on previous editions to further
extend the economic and policy analysis. This edition has focused extensively on the economic crisis
and recovery and their impacts on the ICT supply side.
The first two chapters provide an overview of the importance and growth of information and
communication technologies (ICTs) in national economies, describe recent market dynamics, give a
detailed overview of the globalisation of the ICT sector and provide a thorough analysis of the
ongoing shift of production, trade and markets to non-OECD economies, particularly China and
India. The third chapter provides an overview of the importance of ICT employment, how this is
changing, the extent to which it is recovering following the crisis and analysis of new sources of
ICT-related jobs, for example in “green” ICT-related activities. Some of the recent changes on the
demand side and use side including e-commerce and digital content are analysed in the following
chapter, along with a brief overview of the evolution of R&D. The following two chapters are devoted
to the relations between ICTs and the environment, first looking at direct, enabling and systemic
impacts of ICTs on the environment, followed by a chapter on the impacts of sensors and sensor
networks. The last chapter provides a critical overview of IT policy developments and priorities in
OECD countries and looks at the changes in these policies over time and following the crisis. National
information technology policy profiles are also posted on the OECD website to enable their
widespread use (www.oecd.org/sti/information-economy).
The OECD Information Technology Outlook 2010 was drafted under the direction of
Graham Vickery, with Cristina Serra Vallejo, Arthur Mickoleit and Christian Reimsbach Kounatze of
the OECD’s Information, Computer and Communications Policy Division, and with contributions
from Sacha Wunsch-Vincent. It benefited from review and valuable contributions from delegates to
the ICCP Committee’s Working Party on the Information Economy, chaired by Daniela Battisti (Italy),
particularly regarding national IT policy developments and up-to-date national statistics on the
production and use of IT goods and services. This report has been recommended for wider
distribution by the ICCP Committee.
OECD INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OUTLOOK 2010 © OECD 2010 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
Highlights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Chapter 1. Recent Developments and Outlook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Introduction and macroeconomic outlook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Recent developments in ICT supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Prospects for the short and medium term. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
ICT firms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Semiconductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Structural change in the ICT sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Venture capital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
ICT markets and spending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Annex 1.A1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Annex 1.A2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Chapter 2. Globalisation of the ICT Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
World trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Global ICT goods trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Globalisation of the ICT sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Global investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Annex 2.A1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Annex 2.A2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Chapter 3. ICT Skills and Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
ICT-related employment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
ICT jobs and skills in the post-crisis era. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Annex 3.A1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
OECD INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OUTLOOK 2010 © OECD 2010 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 4. The Internet Economy in the Post-crisis Era and Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
R&D spending of top ICT firms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Internet adoption and use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Content industries and the Internet economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Annex 4.A1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Chapter 5. Greener and Smarter: ICTs, theEnvironment and Climate Change. . . . . . 191
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Assessments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Chapter 6. Smart Sensor Networks forGreenGrowth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Introduction: Sensor technology for green growth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Technology overview of sensors, actuators and sensor networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Fields of application of wireless sensor networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Applications and their environmental impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Annex 6.A1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Chapter 7. ICT Policy Developments from Crisis toRecovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Overview: ICT policy priorities and developments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Specific ICT policies and programmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Annex 7.A1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Annex A. Methodology and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Tables
1.1. Economies represented in the top 250ICT firms, 2000and2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.2. Top 250ICT firms by sector, 2000and2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1.A2.1. Top 10communications equipment and systems firms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
1.A2.2. Top 10IT equipment and systems firms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
1.A2.3. Top 10electronics firms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
1.A2.4. Top 10specialist semiconductor firms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
1.A2.5. Top 10IT services firms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
1.A2.6. Top 10software firms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
6 OECD INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OUTLOOK 2010 © OECD 2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.A2.7. Top 10Internet firms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
1.A2.8. Top 10telecommunication services firms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2.1. OECD annual quarterly trade value growth, 2007-09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2.2. World merchandise exports by major product group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.3. Growth in electronics goods production, trade and sales, 1995-2007. . . . . . . . . 89
2.A2.1. World and OECD ICT+ goods trade, 1996-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
2.A2.2. OECD trade in ICT+ goods, 1996-2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
2.A2.3. Balance of OECD trade in ICT+ goods, 1996-2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
2.A2.4. ICT+ goods trade, 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
2.A2.5. OECD accession countries trade in ICT+ goods, 1996-2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
2.A2.6. Enhanced engagement countries trade in ICT+ goods, 1996-2008 . . . . . . . . . . . 111
2.A2.7. Direction of ICT+ goods exports, 1996-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
2.A2.8. Direction of ICT+ goods imports, 1996-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
2.A2.9. Trade in ICT services, 1996-2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
2.A2.10. Growth in the value of electronics production, 2005-09. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
2.A2.11. Share of ICT+ goods in total merchandise exports, OECDcountries,
1996-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
2.A2.12. Revealed comparative advantage in ICT+ goods exports, OECDcountries,
1996-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
2.A2.13. Grubel-Lloyd Index for ICT+ goods, 1996-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
2.A2.14. ICT sector cross-border M&A deals, 1999-2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
2.A2.15. ICT sector cross-border M&A deal values, 1999-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
2.A2.16. ICT sector cross-border M&A deals by country of target, 1999-2009 . . . . . . . . . 120
2.A2.17. ICT sector cross-border M&A deals by country of acquirer, 1999-2009 . . . . . . . 121
2.A2.18. ICT sector cross-border M&A deal values by country of target, 1999-2009 . . . . 122
2.A2.19. ICT sector cross-border M&A deal values by country of acquirer, 1999-2009 . . 123
2.A2.20. ICT sector cross-border M&A deals by country:
Top50targetsandacquirers, 1999-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
2.A2.21. ICT sector cross-border M&A deals by country:
Largestacquirersand targets, 1999-2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
3.1. Top 25IT skills most in demand in the second quarter of2009
intheUnited Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
4.1. Top ICT R&D spenders: Absolute expenditure, 2008and2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
4.2. Top R&D spenders: Expenditure growth, 2000-09and2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
4.3. Top ICT spenders: R&D expenditure as a share of sales, 2000and2009 . . . . . . 174
4.4. Top ICT R&D spenders: R&D expenditures per employee, 2000and2009. . . . . 175
4.5. Market size and growth, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
4.6. Impact of high speed Internet on value chains, competition
andmarketstructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
4.7. Cross-industry participation in content distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
4.8. Evolving sector-specific online business models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
4.9. Digital content product characteristics and broadband functionalities . . . . . . 186
5.1. Categories of environmental impacts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
5.2. Global CO and GHG emissions of ICTs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
2
5.3. Shares of ICT and selected industry sectors
in global GHG emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
5.4. National electricity and carbon footprints of ICTs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
6.1. Examples of sensor types and their outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
6.2. Strengths and weaknesses of different WAN technologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
OECD INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OUTLOOK 2010 © OECD 2010 7
TABLE OF CONTENTS
6.3. Overview of IEEE standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
6.A1.1. Comparison of the GeSI, EPRI and IPTS studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
6.A1.2. Impact calculations of the IPTS study for different fields of application . . . . . 254
6.A1.3. Cross-tabulated smart-building applications and sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
6.A1.4. Assumptions underlying the calculation of positive impacts
ofsmartbuildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
6.A1.5. Assumptions underlying the calculation of positive impacts
inthefield of smart transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
6.A1.6. Assumptions underlying the calculation of positive impacts
ofsmartmotor systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
7.1. Top ICT policies for the economic recovery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
7.2. Top ten ICT policy priorities, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
7.3. Public broadband investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
7.A1.1. Summary of ICT policy priorities, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
7.A1.2. Ranking of ICT policy areas, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
A.1. Europe: Occupations included in the narrow andbroadmeasures
ofICT-skilled employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
A.2. United States: Occupations included in the narrow andbroadmeasures
ofICT-skilledemployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
A.3. Canada: Occupations included in the narrow andbroadmeasures
ofICT-skilledemployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
A.4. Australia: Occupations included in the narrow and broad measures
of ICT-skilled employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Figures
1.1. Growth in monthly output in ICT goods, December2007-February2010 . . . . . 24
1.2. Growth in monthly output in computer and related services,
December2007-February2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.3. Growth in monthly output of telecommunication services,
December2007-February2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.4. Top 250ICT firms’ performance trends, 2000-09. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.5. Top ICT firms’ net debt trends, 2000-09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.6. Top 250ICT firms’ revenue growth by economy of registration, 2000-09 . . . . . 32
1.7. Revenues and growth of the IT sector in India, 2003-10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
1.8. Quarterly revenue growth of the top 10IT services firms in India, 2001-09 . . . 33
1.9. Top 250ICT firms’ revenue shares by sector, 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1.10. Top 250ICT firms’ revenue trends by sector, 2000-09. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1.11. Top 250ICT firms’ profitability by sector, 2000and2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1.12. Top 250ICT firms’ R&D expenditure shares by sector, 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1.13. Top 250ICT firms’ R&D intensity by sector, 2000and2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1.14. Worldwide semiconductor market by region, 1990-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1.15. Worldwide semiconductor market by region, January2007-March2010. . . . . . 38
1.16. Growth in monthly semiconductors worldwide market billings,
March1995-March2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
1.17. Utilisation rate of semiconductor manufacturing facilities,
Q12006-Q42009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
1.18. Share of ICT value added in business sector value added, 1995and2008 . . . . 41
1.19. Share of OECD ICT sector value added by country, 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
8 OECD INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OUTLOOK 2010 © OECD 2010
