Table Of ContentPHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY T
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Ocular Drug Delivery Systems u
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Barriers and Application of Nanoparticulate Systems h
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Drug discovery for ocular diseases has taken great strides in the last two decades.
From cornea to choroid, new drugs have been formulated to address a great variety
of ocular diseases. Yet, without good drug delivery systems, these drugs are less
effective than they could be, possibly even ineffective or could cause serious side
effects. Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Barriers and Application of Nanoparticulate
Systems presents research on the development of currently marketed devices and
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recent trends for the future delivery of drugs to the posterior eye.
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With contributions from leading pharmaceutical researchers and industry u
experts, eye researchers, surgeons, pharmacologists from academia, the National l
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Eye Institute, and leading ophthalmic companies such as Pfizer, Allergan, and
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Novartis, the book not only presents the state of the art in the use of nanoparticles
in ocular drug delivery systems but sets the stage for future developments. D
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Features: u
• Includes the basics for nanoparticulate delivery systems and eye physiology as g
it relates to drug delivery and action
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• Discusses animal models that can be used in evaluating the safety and efficacy e
of nanoparticulate drug delivery l
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• Examines significant barriers to ocular drug delivery not found in most other e
somatic tissues, including the specialized blood-retainer barrier
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• Covers targeting of specific tissues and cell types in therapeutic delivery,
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including external entities and internal tissues
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• Describes the use of current and novel ophthalmic drug delivery systems s
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including inserts, nanoliposomes, and stealth-like polymeric nanopolymers in
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treating eye diseases
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This volume gives both a current evaluation and a future roadmap for s
developments in ocular drug delivery. The subjects range from biological
needs to material challenges and finally to clinical applications for improving drug
delivery for conditions where treatments already exist and for unmet needs where
effective drugs may be available but yet need a safe, efficient, and efficacious
delivery vehicle.
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Ocular Drug
Delivery Systems
Barriers and Application of
Nanoparticulate Systems
Ocular Drug
Delivery Systems
Barriers and Application of
Nanoparticulate Systems
Edited by
Deepak Thassu and Gerald J. Chader
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Version Date: 20120420
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Contents
Preface.......................................................................................................................ix
Editors........................................................................................................................xi
Contributors............................................................................................................xiii
Section i Basic considerations
Chapter 1 Nanoparticle-Based.Therapeutics:.An.Overview..................................3
Deepak Thassu, Kris Holt, and Gerald J. Chader
Chapter 2 Eye.Anatomy,.Physiology,.and.Ocular.Barriers:.
Basic Considerations.for.Drug.Delivery.............................................17
Gerald J. Chader and Deepak Thassu
Chapter 3 Animal.Models.to.Evaluate.Ocular.Nanoparticular.Drug.
Delivery.Systems.................................................................................41
Vinson M. Wang, Jingsheng Tuo, and Chi-Chao Chan
Chapter 4 Computer.Modeling.for.Ocular.Drug.Delivery......................................59
Paul J. Missel
Chapter 5 Considerations.for.Development.of.Ophthalmic.
Nanotechnology-Based.Drugs.............................................................95
Banu S. Zolnik, Sheriza Baksh, and Nakissa Sadrieh
Section ii ocular Barriers
Chapter 6 Blood–Retinal.Barrier:.The.Fundamentals.......................................111
Rosa Fernandes, Andreia Gonçalves, and José Cunha-Vaz
Chapter 7 Barriers.to.Transscleral.Drug.Delivery.to.the.Retina.......................133
Alexandra Almazan, Susan S. Lee, Aron D. Ross, and
Michael R. Robinson
v
vi Contents
Section iii ocular compartment Drug Delivery
Chapter 8 Drug.Delivery.to.the.Vitreous.Humor..............................................159
Francine Behar-Cohen
Chapter 9 Transscleral.and.Suprachoroidal.Drug.Delivery...............................179
Damian E. Berezovsky and Henry F. Edelhauser
Chapter 10 Protein.Drug.Delivery.to.Retina.and.Choroid..................................191
Hongwen M. Rivers and Patrick M. Hughes
Chapter 11 Transscleral.Drug.Delivery.to.the.Posterior.
Segment of the Eye....................................................................215
Bernard F. Godley, Cheryl L. Rowe-Rendleman, Ed Kraft, and
Gabriella Kulp
Chapter 12 Drug.Delivery.to.the.Suprachoroidal.Space......................................235
Sung Won Cho and Timothy W. Olsen
Chapter 13 Use.of.Nanoparticles.in.the.Treatment.of.Age-Related.Macular.
Degeneration,.Glaucoma,.and.Other.Degenerative.Retinal.
Diseases.............................................................................................259
Marco A. Zarbin, Carlo Montemagno, James F. Leary, and
Robert Ritch
Section iV Drug Delivery Systems
Chapter 14 Drug.Molecule.Characteristics.and.Their.Impact.on.Anterior.
versus.Posterior.Segment.Drug.Delivery.Strategies.........................285
Kay D. Rittenhouse
Chapter 15 Surface.Modulation.of.Nanoparticles...............................................301
Deepak Thassu and Kris Holt
Chapter 16 Nanoparticles.for.the.Treatment.of.Retinal.Diseases........................307
Amin Famili and Uday B. Kompella
Contents vii
Chapter 17 Gene-Based.Medicine.for.Ocular.Diseases......................................327
Shannon M. Conley and Muna I. Naash
Chapter 18 Stealth-Type.Polymeric.Nanoparticles.with.Encapsulated.
Betamethasone.Phosphate.for.Treatment.of.Intraocular.
Inflammation.....................................................................................355
Tsutomu Sakai, Tsutomu Ishihara, and Megumu Higaki
Section V technology and Materials Development
Chapter 19 Nanotechnology-Guided.Imaging.of.Retinal.Vascular.Disease.......365
Joshua R. Trantum, John S. Penn, and Ashwath Jayagopal
Chapter 20 Photoresponsive.Polymers.for.Ocular.Drug.Delivery.......................383
Laura A. Wells and Heather Sheardown
Chapter 21 Nanosuspensions.in.Ocular.Drug.Delivery.Systems........................401
Himanshu Bhattacharjee and Sonia Bedi
