Ocean Sensing and Monitoring: Optics and Other Methods (SPIE Press Tutorial Text TT98)

276 Pages·2013·47.002 MB·English

by  Weilin W. Hou

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This is an introductory text that presents the major optical ocean sensing techniques. It
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starts with a brief overview of the principal disciplines in ocean research, namely,
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physical, chemical, biological, and geological oceanography. The basic optical properties
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of the ocean are presented next, followed by underwater and remote sensing topics, i aaaannnndddd MMMMoooonnnniiiittttoooorrrriiiinnnngggg
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such as diver visibility; active underwater imaging techniques and comparison to sonars; o
ocean color remote sensing theory and algorithms; lidar techniques in bathymetry, r
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chlorophyll, temperature, and subsurface layer explorations; microwave sensing of n
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surface features including sea surface height, roughness, temperature, sea ice, salinity g
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and wind; and infrared sensing of the sea surface temperature. Platforms and
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instrumentation are also among the topics of discussion, from research vessels to
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unmanned underwater and aerial vehicles, moorings and floats, and observatories. tic
Integrated solutions and future sensing needs are touched on to wrap up the text. A s

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significant portion of the book relies on sketches and illustrations to convey ideas, n
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although rigorous derivations are occasionally used when necessary.

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Contents: Oceanography Overview · Basic Optical Properties of the Ocean · h
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Underwater Sensing: Diver Visibility · Active Underwater Imaging · Ocean Color r
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Remote Sensing · Ocean Lidar Remote Sensing · Microwave Remote Sensing of the e
Ocean · Infrared Remote Sensing of the Ocean · Platforms and Instruments · th
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Integrated Solutions and Future Needs in Ocean Sensing and Monitoring d
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H
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Weilin Hou
P.O. Box 10
Bellingham, WA 98227-0010
9780819496317
ISBN:
SPIE Vol. No.: TT98

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hou, Weilin.
Ocean sensing and monitoring : optics and other methods / Weilin Hou.
pages cm (Tutorial texts in optical engineering ; v. TT98)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8194-9631-7
1. Oceanography Remote sensing Congresses. 2. Environmental monitoring
Congresses. 3. Underwater imaging systems Congresses. I. Title.
GC10.4.R4H68 2013
551.46028'7 dc23
2013007586
Published by
SPIE
P.O. Box 10
Bellingham, Washington 98227-0010 USA
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [email protected]
Web: http://spie.org
The content of this book, except as otherwise indicated, is a work of the U.S.
Governmentandisnotsubjecttocopyright.Thepresentationformatofthisworkby
the publisheris protected, and may not be reproduced or distributed without written
permission of the publisher.
Publication Year: 2013
Thecontentofthisbookreflectstheworkandthoughtoftheauthor.Everyefforthas
beenmadetopublishreliableandaccurateinformationherein,butthepublisherisnot
responsible for the validity of the information or for any outcomes resulting from
reliance thereon.
Printed in the United States of America.
First printing
To my father, Hou Dong Yuan, who brought me to the ocean

Introduction to the Series
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Contents
Preface xiii
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xvii
1 Oceanography Overview 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Planet Earth and the Oceans 1
1.3 History of Oceanography 3
1.4 Branches of Oceanography Research 8
1.4.1 Chemistry 8
1.4.2 Physics 10
1.4.3 Biology 13
1.4.4 Geology 14
1.4.5 Biogeochemistry: global carbon budget 16
1.5 Summary 18
References 18
2 Basic Optical Properties of the Ocean 21
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 Light Attenuation: Absorption and Scattering 23
2.2.1 Absorption 23
2.2.2 Scattering: volume scattering function and
backscattering coefficient 25
2.2.3 Beam attenuation 30
2.3 Light Propagation 33
2.3.1 Basic definitions 33
2.3.2 Snell’s law 36
2.3.3 Radiative transfer equation 38
2.4 Light Generation: Solar Radiation, Fluorescence, Bioluminescence,
and Raman and Brillouin Scattering 40
2.4.1 Solar radiation 40
2.4.2 Fluorescence 41
2.4.3 Bioluminescence 43
2.4.4 Other inelastic scattering: Raman and Brillouin 44
2.5 Summary 47
References 47
ix