occupation and the colonization of algeria from 1830 to 1870

98 Pages·2013·19.43 MB·English

OCCUPATION AND THE COLONIZATION OF ALGERIA
FROM 1830 TO 1870:
A STRUGGLE FOR DOMINANCE

A THESIS SUBMITTED TO
THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
OF
MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

BY

CANAN HALAÇOĞLU

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR
THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCES
IN
MIDDLE EAST STUDIES

SEPTEMBER 2013

Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences

Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık
Director

I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree
of Master of Arts.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özlem Tür
Head of Department

This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully
adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts.

Prof. Dr. Recep Boztemur
Supervisor

Examining Committee Members

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özlem Tür (METU, IR)

Prof. Dr. Recep Boztemur (METU, HIST)

Assist. Prof. Dr. Selçuk Dursun (METU, HIST)

I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and
presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare
that, as required by these rules and ethical conduct, I have fully cited and
referenced all material and results that are not original to this work.

Name, Surname: Canan Halaçoğlu
Signature:

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To the memory of my beloved mother

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ABSTRACT

OCCUPATION AND THE COLONIZATION OF ALGERIA
FROM 1830 TO 1870:
A STRUGGLE FOR DOMINANCE

Canan Halaçoğlu
M.S., Middle East Studies
Advisor: Prof. Dr. Recep Boztemur

September 2013, 86 pages

The occupation and the colonization of Algeria had a special place in French
history and politics, from the onset to the independence, and continue to be so.
Understanding the mentality of the colonization and the interaction between peoples are
as important as covering the series of events. Colonization of a territory brings with
itself power struggles, changes in social and political structures, and turmoil in all areas
of social life; and all these were present in French Algeria. This thesis focuses on these
more general aspects of the colonization of Algeria from 1830 to 1870, bearing the
relation between the mentality and the events in mind, and dealing with the issue under
the topics of occupation, colonization and resistance in an international context.
Keywords: French Algeria, Ottoman Algeria, French colonial history, Algerian
resistance, settlers in Algeria

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ÖZ

1830-1870 YILLARI ARASINDA CEZAYİRİN İŞGALİ VE
SÖMÜRGELEŞTİRİLMESİ: HAKİMİYET İÇİN BİR MÜCADELE

Halaçoğlu, Canan
Yüksek Lisans, Orta Doğu Araştırmaları
Tez Yöneticisi: Prof. Dr. Recep Boztemur

Eylül 2013, 86 sayfa

Cezayir’in işgali ve sömürgeleştirilmesi konusu, Fransız tarihinde ve politikasında,
işgalin başlangıcından Cezayir’in bağımsızlığına kadar önemli bir yere sahip olmuştur
ve hala da olmaya devam etmektedir. Sömürgeleştirmenin zihniyetini ve topluluklar
arasındaki iletişimi anlamak, olaylar zincirinden bahsetmek kadar önemlidir. Bir
bölgenin sömürgeleştirilmesi güç çatışmalarını, politik ve sosyal yapılarda değişimleri
ve sosyal hayatın her kesiminde oluşan karmaşayı da beraberinde getirir ve bütün bunlar
Fransız Cezayirinde de mevcuttu. Bu tez işgal, sömürgeleştirme ve direniş olmak üzere
üç konu başlığı altında, konuyu 1830 ve 1870 arasında sınırlandırarak, Cezayir’in
sömürgeleştirilmesinin bu daha genel yönlerini zihniyetin ve olayların birbiriyle
ilişkisini göz önünde tutarak uluslararası bir bağlam içerisinde incelemektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Fransız Cezayiri, Osmanlı Cezayiri, Fransız sömürgecilik
tarihi, Cezayir direnişi, Cezayir’deki yerleşimciler

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my sincere thanks to my thesis supervisor, Prof. Dr.
Recep Boztemur, for his expert and valuable guidance and encouragement to me
in writing this thesis as well as for his confidence in my research. This thesis
would not have been possible without his critiques and guidance; and it was an
honor for me to work with him.
I am also grateful to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özlem Tür and Assist. Prof. Dr.
Selçuk Dursun, who read my thesis and gave me valuable feedbacks.
I am indebted to my friends and colleagues for their invaluable support and
encouragement in every stage of writing this thesis; Sümeyye Hoşgör, Ceren
Aygül, Eyüp Murat Kurt and Özden Erdoğan; and I would like to offer my
special thanks to my friend and colleague Ömür Şans for her valuable critics,
suggestions and assistance as well as her emotional support. I would also like to
thank my dear friend Hanife Uslu, who believed in me and my thesis from the
beginning until the end and gave me confidence.
I would also like to thank my family and friends, who were very
considerate and supportive. I cannot find words to express my gratitude to my
father, without whose help I would never be able to make research in French
libraries and archives, and I also thank him for helping me in reading my
Ottoman documents.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PLAGIARISM.....................................................................................................iii
DEDICATION.....................................................................................................iv
ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................v
ÖZ..........................................................................................................................vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...............................................................................vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................viii

CHAPTER

I.INTRODUCTION............................................................................................1
II.OCCUPATION...............................................................................................9
2.1 Influence of International Relations, the Mentality and the French Political
History on the Expedition to Algeria in 1830 and on the Colonization...............10
2.2 Changes in the Political Organization of Algeria...........................................23
2.3 Relations between the Ottoman Empire and France between 1830 and 1847
Regarding Algeria.................................................................................................29
III.COLONIZATION.........................................................................................34
3.1 Installation of the Colons................................................................................34
3.2 The Colons and the Local People...................................................................42
IV.RESISTANCE...............................................................................................52
4.1 People, Religion and the Resistance...............................................................52
4.2 Resistance in Constantine and Western Algeria.............................................59
V.CONCLUSION...............................................................................................66
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