Table Of ContentEXPLORATION
OPTHE
DEEP CONTINENTAL
CRUST
Edited by
H.-J. Behr, G6ttingen
C. B. Raleigh, Palisades
Advisory Board
R. N. Anderson, Lamont
K. Fuchs, Karlsruhe
W. S. Fyfe, London (Canada)
H. Rischmiiller, Hannover
W. Schreyer, Bochum
M. Zoback, Stanford
Observation
of the Continental Crust
through Drilling II
Proceedings of the International Symposium
held in Seeheim, October 3-6, 1985
Edited by
H.-I Behr, F.G. Stehli, and H. Vidal
With 90 Figures
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York
London Paris Tokyo
Professor Dr. HANs-JuRGEN BEHR
Institut fur Dynamik der Lithosphare
Universitat G6ttingen
Go1dschmidtstr. 3
3400 G6ttingen, FRG
Professor Dr. FRANCIS G. STEHLI
Dosecc Inc.
Science Advisory Committee
7711 SW 103rd Avenue
Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
Professor Dr. HELMUT VIDAL
Germeringer StraBe 5
8035 Gauting 1, FRG
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-45618-3 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-45616-9
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-45616-9
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Observation of the continental crust
through drilling II. (Exploration of the deep continental crust) Proceedings of the 2nd
International Symposium on Observation of the Continental Crust through Drilling.
1. Earth-Crust-Congresses. 2. Boring-Congresses. I. Behr, H.J. (Hans-Jurgen) II. Vidal,
H. (Helmut), 1919-. III. International Symposium on Observation of the Continental Crust
through Drilling (2nd: 1985 : Seeheim-Jugenheim, Germany) QE511.0282 1987 551.'3
87-14675
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Preface
The Second International Symposium on Observation of the Continental
Crust Through Drilling (supported by the Alfred Wegener Foundation,
the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology, the German Research
Society and the Inter-Union Commission on the Lithosphere) took place
in Seeheim (Odenwald) and included a discussion on the Continental
Deep Drilling Programme of the Federal Republic of Germany. This sym
posium was regarded as the continuation of a course agreed upon in
Tarrytown in 1984. Here, the scientific contents and technical con
cepts of the technically complex and expensive experiments of conti
nental drillings were carefully coordinated before the national commit
tees carne to practical decisions. In Seeheim, rather than in Tarrytown,
the methods of technical realization were in the foreground, as the
results of scientific projects, e.g., the NAGRA or the Salton Sea Scien·
tific Drilling Project, were evaluated, supplementing industrial ultra
deep drilling experience. The presentation and discussion of the Con
tinental Deep Drilling Project of the Federal Republic of Germany was
also granted ample scope with nine lectures and sixty posters. The con
tents of the KTB presentation have been summed up in two contributions
and included in this volume.
The conference centered on three major subjects:
The National- Prograrrunes and Aspects of Geoscience: H. Vidal, FRG; H. Riesen
huber, FRG; E. Seibold, FRG; K. Fuchs, FRG; Cl. Megnien, F; R.S. An
drews, USA; F.G. Stehli, USA; E.A. Kozlovsky, USSR; E.V. Karus, USSR;
A.S. Batchelor, GB; R.D. Hatcher JR, USA; J.K. Costain, USA; R.T. Wil
liams, USA; R.A. Phinney, USA; M.D. Zoback; R.N. Anderson, USA; J.B.
Diebold, USA; L. Glover III, USA; J.M. Hall, Canada; J. Bouckaert, B;
E.R. Oxburgh, GB; Cuney, F; A. Whittaker, GB; M. Suk, CSSR; P.O. Rabi
nowitz, CSSR; J. Aubouin, F; R.A. Price, Canada; D.H. Matthews, GB;
St. Muller, CHi M.A. Etheridge, Australia
The German Continental- feep fJr>i Uing Prograrrune (KTB): R. Emmermann; H. J. Behr,
K. Fuchs, P. Giese, E. Althaus, K. v. Gehlen, Working Group Schwarz
wald, Working Group Oberpfalz, KTB Working Groups
fJr>iUing, Logging al1.d SampUng: C. Marx, H. Rischmuller, M. Walton, H.
Sparker, K. Hadley, M. Salisbury, R.K. Trager, A. Bottai, W. Elders,
A. Nold, P. Diebold, T. Lindbo, F.S. Fyfe
About 200 persons from 16 nations took part in the symposium. The
symposium ended in a two-day excursion into the two target areas to
be decided on, the Schwarzwald and the Oberpfalz.
Those groups actively participating in projects, realizing the necessi
ty of even closer cooperation in the fields of science, technology and
organization, strove to make the second symposium a fruitful chance for
cooperation, which is manifested in its results.
The German Research Society and the Alfred Wegener Foundation were in
charge of the preparation and organization of the symposium, which
was supported by the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology.
Active participation of all colleagues in the Continental Deep Drilling
Programme, by taking part in organizing the symposium as well as in
sometimes controversial discussions clearly showed the intense in
terest in this large-scale geoscientific project of the Federal Repub
lic of Germany.
H.J. Behr
Contents
Opening Remarks
.Welcoming at the "2nd International Symposium on Observation
of the Continental Crust through Drilling" on October 4, 1985,
in Seeheim
E. Seibold .....................•...•........•.........•........ 3
Opening Speech of the 2nd International Symposium on
Observation of the Continental Crust through Drilling,
Seeheim, October 4th, 1985
W. Menden .•....•........•••.......................•............ 6
Seeheim-Symposium, 4-6 October, 1985. Greetings of the Chairman
H. Vidal ............••..•....•....................•.•.......... 8
General Aspects
Continental Deep Drilling: Challenge and Chances for Geosciences
W.S. Fyfe (With 2 Figures) ..................................... 13
The Ocean Drilling Program
P.D. Rabinowitz (With 2 Figures) 20
Review of National Drilling Programs
The United States Continental Scientific Drilling Program
F.G. Stehli and R.S. Andrews (With 2 Figures) .................. 37
The Southern Appalachian Ultradeep Scientific Drill Hole:
Progress of Site Location Investigations and Other Recent
Developments
R.T. Williams et al. (With 5 Figures) .••........•.............. 44
The NAGRA Deep Drilling Program in Northern Switzerland.
Overview of Drilling Technique
A.L. Nold (With 4 Figures) ..................................... 56
Recent Developments in Scientific Deep Drilling in the
United Kingdom
A. Whittaker .................................•..•.............. 64
Deep Reflections and Deep Drilling
D.H. Matthews (With 3 Figures) ................................• 73
Some Results of Geophysical and Drilling Investigations into
Upper Lithospere in Czechoslovakia
M. Suk (With 2 Figures) ........................................ 77
VIII
Continental Drilling. Some· Remarks
V. Zo ubek ..•..••.....••.•.•..•.......•.........•..•......•...... 81
Scientific Objectives and Site-Selection Studies of the
Continental Deep Drilling Program of the Federal Republic
of Germany (KTB)
H.J. Behr and R. Ernrnermann (With 16 Figures) ............•....... 85
Geophysical Targets of the Continental Deep Drilling Program
of the Federal Republic of Germany. Tomography of the Crust
and its Permeability. A Window into the Lower Crust and an In-
Vivo Deep Laboratory
K. Fuchs and P. Giese .•.........••...••....•.........•.......... 120
Deep DriZZing and Logging TechnoZogy
Technical Aspects of the "German Continental Deep Drilling
Program"
H. Rischmliller (With 3 Figures) 131
Technical Concept and Status of Planning for the Wells of the
Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB)
H. Rischmliller and C. Chur (With 7 Figures) ..................... 136
Drilling and Coring Techniques for Hard Rock
C. Marx and H. Rischmliller (With 8 Figures) 149
Core Drilling Technology for Ultradeep Scientific Holes
M. Walton (With 2 Figures) ...........•.......................... 160
Thoughts on Problems and Possible Solutions in Ultra Deep
Drilling
H.F. Spoerker (With 11 Figures) 170
Ultradeep Drilling in the U.S.
K.H. Hadley (With 6 Figures) •...........•...................•... 184
Technologies for Scientific Drilling and Borehole Research
R.K. Traeger (With 12 Figures) ........•...................•....• 191
Deep-Well Formation Logging - The Problems. The Logging Tools
C. Boyeldieu and J. Draxler (With 9 Figures) ..........•......... 207
Drilling, Logging and Sampling Problems in the ENEL
Geothermal Wells
A. Bottai and U. Cigni .......•......................•....•...... 224
List of Contributors
You will find the addresses at the beginning of the respective
contributions
Anderson, R.N. 44 Marx, C. 149
Andrews, R.S. 37 Matthews, D.H. 73
Menden, W. 6
Behr, H. J . 85
Bottai, A. 224 Nold, A.L. 56
Boyeldieu, C. 207
Phinney, R.A. 44
Chur, C. 136
Rabinowitz, P.D. 20
Cigni, U. 224
Rischmliller, H. 131,136,149
Coruh, C. 44
Costain, J.K. 44 Seibold, E. 3
Spoerker, H.F. 170
Diebold, J.B. 44 Stehli, F.G. 37
Draxler, J. 207 Suk, M. 77
Emrnermann, R. 85 Traeger, R.K. 191
Fuchs, K. 120 Vidal, H. 8
Fyfe, W.S. 13
Walton, M. 160
Giese, P. 120 Whittaker, A. 64
Williams, R.T. 44
Hadley, K.H. 184
Hatcher, R.D., Jr. 44 Zoback, M.D. 44
Zoubek, V. 81
OPENING REMARKS
Welcoming at the "2nd International Symposium on Observation of the
continental Crust through Drilling" on October 4, 1985, in Seeheim
Eugen Seibold
Prof. Dr. E. Seibold, Geologisches Institut der Universitat, Albert
str. 23B, D-7800 Freiburg
You are an international group of prominent earth scientists
interested in the deep structures of our Earth's crust. To address
you in English on behalf of a German institution, the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), is therefore both an honour and a
challenge. As an introductory remark in German I found only one
relevant quotation. It comes from a poet who lived some 200 years
ago. Novalis (1772 - 1801) wrote:
"Der ist der Herr der Erde, der ihre Tiefen miBt."
("To become master of the earth you have to measure its
depths.")
This naturally illustrates - even two centuries ago - the importance
of geophysicists during our symposium. But why and where they should
investigate these depths and what their measurements mean, they
normally have to ask geologists and I wish to include mineralogists,
petrologists and geochemists under this umbrella - in spite of the
fact that they are mostly separated carefully in German earth
science departments. Geologists need "mente et malleo", i.e., ideas
of and rocks from these depths. Of course they can find some of them
on the surface of old shields or young mountains, but they have been
altered there and are not suitable for many relevant measurements.
Therefore, all earth scientists need drillers to open these depths
for direct measurements, to produce a crust lab in the inner space
as a brother of different outer space labs, and, additionally, to
bring fresh rocks, fluids and gases to our surface laboratories.
Having these objectives including fluids in mind my second quotation
cannot be misunderstood:
"Solidum petit in profundis."
This obviously is the other international language, Latin, and
means: "In the depth" you have to look for solid knowledge, an
inscription in the coat of arms of the Danish Arhus University. To
look into the depth is to look to the base, to basic science, too.
We are grateful that strengthening basic science will be considered
to possibly form also a part of the EUREKA program. To study the
European Earth's crust and the processes therein may not have a
quick payoff as perhaps industrial or marketing efforts but this
study may be very important for a longer period of time.
There is no time now to look into depth to illustrate the history of
the German deep drilling plans and the role of the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft therein. These plans originated in the
Geocommission of our Senate in 1977. It may be interesting that
these ideas were influenced by the Deep Sea Drilling Project from
the beginning. Our earth scientists were fascinated by the
