Nutritional Modulation of Neural Function

344 Pages·1988·6.793 MB·English

by  John E. Morley, M. Barry Sterman, John H. Walsh

Nutritional Modulation of
Neural Function
UCLA FORUM IN MEDICAL SCIENCES
EDITORIAL BOARD
Mary A. B. ] r, Editor-in-Chief
Nathaniel A. Buchwald Ralph R. Sonnenschein
Vicente Honrubia Peter E. Tanguay
Donald J. Jenden Bernard Towers
Charles H. Sawyer Paul H. Ward
Arnold B. Scheibel Emery G. Zimmermann
UCLA FORUM IN MEDICAL SCIENCES
NUMBER 28
Nutritional Modulation
of Neural Function
Edited by
JOHN E. MORLEY
Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center
Sepulveda Veterans Administration Medical Center, Sepulveda, California
and Department of Medicine and Brain Research Institute
School of Medicine
University of California at Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California
M. BARRY STERMAN
Neuropsychology Laboratory
Sepulveda Veterans Administration Medical Center, Sepulveda, California
and Department of Anatomy and Brain Research Institute
School of Medicine
University of California at Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California
JOHN H. WALSH
Center for Ulcer Research and Education
West Los Angeles Veterans Administration Medical Center, Wadsworth Division,
Los Angeles, California
and Department of Medicine and Brain Research Institute
School of Medicine
University of California at Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
Harcourt Brace jovanovich. Publishers
San Diego New York Berkeley Boston
London Sydney Tokyo Toronto
COPYRIGHT © 1988 BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR
TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC
OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR
ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT
PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER.
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
1250 Sixth Avenue
San Diego, California 92101
United Kingdom Edition published by
ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD.
24-28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Nutritional modulation of neural function / edited by John E. Morley,
M. Barry Sterman, John H. Walsh.
p. cm. — (UCLA forum in medical sciences ; no. 28)
Based on a meeting held in Santa Barbara, Calif, in Mar. 1986, and
sponsored by the Brain Research Institute of the University of
California, Los Angeles.
Includes index.
ISBN 0-12-506455-1 (alk. paper)
1. Neurophysiology—Congresses. 2. Nutrition—Congresses.
3. Nutritionally induced diseases—Congresses. I. Morely, John E.
II. Sterman, Μ. B., Date. III. Walsh, John Η. IV. University
of California, Los Angeles. Brain Research Institute. V. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Behavior—congresses. 2. Brain—physiology—congresses.
3. Neuropeptides—physiology—congresses. 4. Neuroregulators-
-physiology—congresses. 5. Nutrition—congresses. W3 U17 no. 28
/ WL 102.5 N976 1986]
QP356.N88 1988
612'.8-dcl9 87-27128
CIP
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
88 89 90 91 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Contributors ix
Foreword xiii
Preface xv
Other Titles in the Series xvii
I. Ingestion: Uptake
Central Actions of Peripherally Administered Gut Peptides,
with Particular Reference to Cholecystokinin
GRAHAM J. DOCKRAY, HELEN E. RAYBOULD,
AND R. J. GAYTON 3
Peptidergic Brain-Gut Axis: Role of Brain Peptides in the
Regulation of Gastric Function
YVETTE TACHE 15
Intestinal Absorption of Peptides
MICHAEL L. G. GARDNER 29
Peptidergic Modulation of Gastric Function Induced by Food
JOHN H. WALSH 39
The Nutritional Significance of Regulation of Intestinal
Nutrient Transport
WILLIAM H. KARASOV 51
ν
vi CONTENTS
II. Ingestion: Regulation
Gustatory and Visceral Modulation of Feeding
DONALD NOVIN 67
Sympathetic Nervous System and a Nutrient Balance Model
of Food Intake
GEORGE A. BRAY 87
Role of Monoamine Systems in the Control of Food Intake
and Nutrient Selection
JOHN E. BLUNDELL 95
Central Regulation of Feeding: The Role of Neuropeptides
JOHN E. MORLEY AND MARK W. GUNION 125
III. Nutrition and Behavior
Cultural Approaches to Human Food Preferences
PAUL ROZIN 137
Vitamins and Neurological Dysfunction
PIERRE M. DREYFUS 155
Nutrients, Free Radicals, and Amnesia
WALTER B. ESS MAN 165
Trace Elements in Dementing Disorders
WILLIAM R. MARKESBERY AND WILLIAM D. EHMANN 179
Importance of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids in
Retinal Function and Brain Chemistry
WILLIAM E. CONNOR AND MARTHA NEURINGER 191
CONTENTS vii
Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa: The Dieting Disorders
PETER BEUMONT 203
Treatments for Obesity
ALBERTJ. STUNKARD 215
Food and Behavior
ALLEN 5. LEVINE AND DEAN D. KRAHN 233
IV. Opioids and Nutrition
Brain Actions of Peptides That Regulate Carbohydrate Metabolism
MARVIN R. BROWN 251
Glucose and Morphine-Induced Analgesia
DAVID A. BRASE AND WILLIAM L. DEWEY 263
V. Zinc and Neural Function
Seizure-Induced Alterations of Opioid Peptide and
Zinc Metabolism in the Hippocampus of Rats
JACQUELINE F. McCINTY, TOMOYUKI KANAMATSU,
JAU-SHYONG HONG, JOHN D. MORTON, AND
CHRISTOPHER J. FREDERICKSON 271
Hippocampal Zinc, the Storage Granule Pool: Localization,
Physiochemistry, and Possible Functions
CHRISTOPHER J. FREDERICKSON AND GORM DANSCHER 289
Zinc and Seizure Mechanisms
M. BARRY STERMAN, MARGARET N. SHOUSE, AND
M. DAVID FAIRCHILD 307
Index 321
This page intentionally left blank
Contributors
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin.
Peter Beumont (203), Department of Psychiatry, University of Sydney, Sydney, N.S.W.
2050, Australia
John E. Blundell (95), Biopsychology Section, Department of Psychology, Univer­
sity of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England
David A. Brase (263), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College
of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
George A. Bray (87), Department of Medicine, University of Southern California
School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033
Marvin R. Brown (251), Autonomic Physiology Laboratory, Departments of Medicine
and Surgery, University of California at San Diego Medical Center, San Diego,
California 92103
William E. Connor (191), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metab­
olism, and Clinical Nutrition, The Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland,
Oregon 97201
Gorm Danscher (289), Institute of Neurobiology, The University of Aarhus, Aarhus,
Denmark
William L Dewey (263), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical
College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
Graham J. Dockray (3), MRC Secretory Control Group, Department of Physiology,
University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, England
Pierre M. Dreyfus (155), Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University
of California at Davis, Davis, California 95817
William D. Ehmann (179), Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lex­
ington, Kentucky 40536
Walter B. Essman (165), Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City
University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367
ix