Table Of ContentATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROSCOPY
Edited by Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Edited by Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh
Published by InTech
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First published January, 2012
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Edited by Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh
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Contents
Preface IX
Chapter 1 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) 1
R. García and A. P. Báez
Chapter 2 State-of-the-Art and Trends
in Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 13
Hélcio José Izário Filho, Rodrigo Fernando dos Santos Salazar,
Maria da Rosa Capri, Ângelo Capri Neto, Marco Aurélio Kondracki
de Alcântara and André Luís de Castro Peixoto
Chapter 3 Elemental Profiling: Its Role and Regulations 37
Ajai Prakash Gupta and Suphla Gupta
Chapter 4 Microextraction Techniques as a Sample
Preparation Step for Metal Analysis 61
Pourya Biparva and Amir Abbas Matin
Chapter 5 Application of Atomic Absorption for
Determination of Metal Nanoparticles
in Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposites 89
Roozbeh Javad Kalbasi and Neda Mosaddegh
Chapter 6 Flame Spectrometry in Analysis
of Refractory Oxide Single Crystals 105
T.V. Sheina and K.N. Belikov
Chapter 7 Interference Effects of Excess Ca, Ba and
Sr on Mg Absorbance During Flame Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry: Characterization in
Terms of a Simplified Collisional Rate Model 131
Mark F. Zaranyika, Albert T. Chirenje and Courtie Mahamadi
Chapter 8 Nutritional Metals in Foods by AAS 143
Mary Millikan
VI Contents
Chapter 9 Comparative Assessment of the Mineral Content
of a Latin American Raw Sausage Made by
Traditional or Non-Traditional Processes 167
Roberto González-Tenorio, Ana Fernández-Diez,
Irma Caro and Javier Mateo
Chapter 10 Analysis of High Solid Content in
Biological Samples by Flame Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry 183
Lué-Merú Marcó Parra
Chapter 11 Mineral Content and Physicochemical Properties in
Female Rats Bone During Growing Stage 201
Margarita Hernández-Urbiola, Astrid L. Giraldo-Betancur,
Daniel Jimenez-Mendoza, Esther Pérez-Torrero, Isela Rojas–Molina,
María de los Angeles Aguilera-Barreiro, Carolina Muñoz-Torres
and Mario E. Rodríguez-García
Chapter 12 Activation of Bentonite and Talc by Acetic Acid as
a Carbonation Feedstock for Mineral Storage of CO 221
2
Petr Ptáček, Magdaléna Nosková, František Šoukal,
Tomáš Opravil, Jaromír Havlica and Jiří Brandštetr
Preface
Spectroscopy is the study of absorption and emission of electromagnetic radiation due
to the interaction between matter and energy, which depends on the wavelength of the
respective radiation.
Analytical Chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the study of
qualitative, as well as quantitative analysis, of samples. Different spectroscopic
techniques like UV-Visible, Atomic Absorption, Flame Emission, Molecular
Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, Chemiluminescence, Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance, Raman, X-Ray, Mass, Electron, Mössbauer are being used for this purpose.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) is one of the spectroscopic and analytical
techniques, used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of elements
employing the absorption of electromagnetic energy of a particular wavelength,
usually ultraviolet or visible region, by free atoms in the gaseous state. The technique
is being used for the determination of metals in different samples like food, drugs,
nanomaterials, biomaterials, environmental, forensics and industrial wastes.
There is a dire need to provide scholars all over the world with the recent
advancements going on in research using analytical techniques. This book is an effort
of the authors in the field of AAS, covering topics from basic to advanced levels.
The chapters in this book have been organized to keep the sequence in reading. In the
first two chapters, introduction, history and basic principle of AAS have been
described with detail instrumentation of all parts and sample preparation. Chapter 3
deals with elemental profiling, functions, dietary source, biochemistry and potential
toxicity of metals along with comparative techniques used for the analysis. As sample
preparation techniques are the most beneficial for proper analysis, chapter 4 discusses
the microextraction techniques which are characteristics for an ideal sample
preparation. Keeping in view the importance of nanomaterials and refractory
materials, chapter 5 and 6 highlight the ways to characterize these materials by using
AAS. The interference effects between elements can be characterized using a
simplified rate model and through thermodynamic equilibrium approach as explained
in chapter 7. The importance of metals in food and biological samples and their
characterization with AAS have been given in chapters 8-11. Carbon capture and
X Preface
mineral storage, leaching experiments and estimation of metal contents by
comparative techniques have been explained in chapter 12.
The book will provide a good resource for teaching and research purposes.
Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh
Department of Chemistry
G.C. University Lahore
Pakistan
