Table Of ContentNutrition and Health
Series Editors: Adrianne Bendich · Connie W. Bales
Jerrilynn D. Burrowes
Csaba P. Kovesdy
Laura D. Byham-Gray Editors
Nutrition
in Kidney
Disease
Third Edition
Nutrition and Health
Series Editors
Adrianne Bendich
Wellington, FL, USA
Connie W. Bales
Durham VA Medical Center
Duke University School of Medicine
Durham, NC, USA
The Nutrition and Health series has an overriding mission in providing health
professionals with texts that are considered essential since each is edited by
the leading researchers in their respective fields. Each volume includes: 1) a
synthesis of the state of the science, 2) timely, in-depth reviews, 3) extensive,
up-to-date fully annotated reference lists, 4) a detailed index, 5) relevant
tables and figures, 6) identification of paradigm shifts and consequences, 7)
virtually no overlap of information between chapters, but targeted, inter-
chapter referrals, 8) suggestions of areas for future research and 9) balanced,
data driven answers to patient/health professionals questions which are based
upon the totality of evidence rather than the findings of a single study.
Nutrition and Health is a major resource of relevant, clinically based nutrition
volumes for the professional that serve as a reliable source of data-driven
reviews and practice guidelines.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7659
Jerrilynn D. Burrowes
Csaba P. Kovesdy • Laura D. Byham-Gray
Editors
Nutrition in Kidney
Disease
Third Edition
Editors
Jerrilynn D. Burrowes Csaba P. Kovesdy
School of Health Professions and Division of Nephrology
Nursing University of Tennessee Health Science
Long Island University Memphis, TN
Greenvale, NY USA
USA
Laura D. Byham-Gray
School of Health Professions
Rutgers University–Newark
Newark, NJ
USA
Nutrition and Health
ISBN 978-3-030-44857-8 ISBN 978-3-030-44858-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44858-5
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
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Jerrilynn dedicates this book to the millions of people
worldwide with kidney disease who will benefit from the
information embedded in these pages. The goal of this book is
to improve the health and well-being of these individuals
through optimal nutritional practices. Laura dedicates this
book to her husband, Steven, and to her daughters, Erin and
Jillian.
Foreword
To have been invited to write the foreword to the third edition of Nutrition in
Kidney Disease is an honor and a privilege. The editors, Drs. Burrowes,
Kovesdy, and Byham-Gray, are outstanding experts in the field of nutrition
and kidney disease, which undoubtedly ensures the high standard of quality
of the book.
Since its first edition in 2008, Nutrition in Kidney Disease has been recog-
nized as a benchmark for practitioners and researchers interested in kidney
disease and nutrition-related issues. The third edition has been updated and
new chapters added that reflect the expanding knowledge in the field.
The book is organized into seven parts covering relevant topics concerning
diet and nutrition across the full spectrum of kidney disease. The chapters
have been written by highly respected researchers and professionals with vast
experience in this area. One of the features that sets the book apart is the
structure of the chapters. At the beginning of each chapter, the reader can find
a list of the key words and points that will be addressed, thus providing a
general overview of the most important information that will be covered in
the pages that follow. Of special note is that the conclusion of each chapter,
depending upon the theme addressed, offers information on how to apply the
theoretical concepts in clinical practice.
In addition to the important issues discussed in the previous editions, this
edition pays special attention to issues relating to the historical aspects of diet
in the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease, such as the low-
protein diet that was first proposed more than 200 years ago, and also new
topics that have been the recent focus of studies and discussions amongst
researchers in this field. Of special importance here are the chapters on gut
microbiota, advanced glycation end products, and dietary patterns. These
chapters offer the reader both a general and current overview of the subject,
while also highlighting those areas that are still in need of research.
A new chapter has been included on drug–nutrient interactions, a matter
that is of critical importance in the treatment of chronic kidney disease con-
sidering the presence of numerous disorders in the metabolism of nutrients
that can be aggravated by the improper use of various medicines employed in
the treatment of the disease.
Recognizing that the complexity of a patient’s diet in chronic kidney dis-
ease has an enormous psychological impact on their nutritional status and
behavior, the editors have dedicated a number of chapters to this problem.
These chapters propose strategies for improving the approach to communica-
tion employed by health care providers, particularly dietitians, to nutritional
vii
viii Foreword
counseling with the intent of improving motivation and adherence by patients
to dietary recommendations.
One of the last chapters ends the book on a high note, since it addresses the
challenges faced by researchers in the area of nutrition and kidney diseases,
while also covering the principles and processes that guide comparative
effectiveness research.
I am certain that this book will continue to provide an effective learning
experience and consolidate its reputation as the go-to source of reference for
every health professional who is dedicated to the care of patients with kidney
diseases and to research in this field.
Lilian Cuppari
Universidade Federal de São Paulo
São Paulo, Brazil
Preface
Approximately 10% of adults worldwide are believed to have chronic kidney
disease (CKD), which is often associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus,
hypertension, nephrotic syndrome, or advanced kidney failure. These condi-
tions require intense nutritional support for the health, well-being, and lon-
gevity of the individual. Notwithstanding this need, people with CKD in
many countries have no or very little access to dietitians. Moreover, it is
alarming to note that most of these dietitians, particularly those outside of the
USA, have limited access to cutting-edge, evidence-based information about
the nutritional management of CKD. In countries where dietitians are avail-
able, many of them cannot obtain specific training regarding the nutritional
needs of CKD patients. Therefore, this textbook is designed specifically to
address the educational needs of dietitians around the world who seek current
information about this topic. Thus, this edition will also be highly informative
for nephrologists, nutrition scientists, nutritionists, researchers, and students
whose research, practice, and education includes nutrition and kidney
disease.
Organization and Content
This third edition of Nutrition in Kidney Disease is organized into seven parts
with a variable number of chapters based on the breadth and depth of infor-
mation. Part I addresses the differences in the epidemiology of CKD and
renal replacement therapy worldwide, such as environmental, ethnic, cul-
tural, political, and macroeconomic factors. Kidney function in health and
disease and a comprehensive review of the history of dietary protein treat-
ment for non-dialyzed CKD patients are also addressed. Part II includes a
thorough review of the components of the nutrition assessment, which
includes information about psychosocial issues affecting nutritional status in
kidney disease and drug–nutrient interactions. In Parts III and IV, preventa-
tive strategies for common disorders associated with CKD such as hyperten-
sion, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease are provided, and
current evidence-based treatment recommendations for the nutrition manage-
ment of non-dialyzed, dialyzed, and transplanted adults are addressed. Part V
presents the nutritional concerns of CKD populations with special needs (i.e.,
pregnancy, infancy, childhood, adolescence, and the elderly). The nutrition
management of other disorders associated with kidney disease is covered in
ix
x Preface
Part VI; these include protein-energy wasting and the inflammatory response,
bone and mineral disorders, nephrotic syndrome, nephrolithiasis, and acute
kidney injury. Lastly, Part VII is devoted to cutting-edge research on topics of
concern in nutrition in kidney disease such as the gut microbiome including
pre- and probiotics, appetite regulation, advanced glycation end products,
physical activity and structured exercise, and dietary patterns including plant-
based diets. When appropriate, the new clinical practice guidelines in nutri-
tion for individuals with CKD are integrated into the chapters. The textbook
ends with a chapter for the practitioner that comprises an extensive and care-
fully selected list of resources that represent key information for the provision
of high quality, evidence-based care to patients diagnosed with kidney
disease.
Features
This textbook has a logical flow and format. Each part begins with an intro-
duction that was written by the editors. Every chapter includes key points that
are the learning objectives for the chapter and concludes with a summary.
Up-to-date references are included for more in-depth review. Several chapters
end with a case study that may be used to assess knowledge of the content
area and to evoke critical thinking in the user within the context of didactic
curricula. They provide thought-provoking, illustrative questions that will
add to the student’s learning and clinical application of the material. Answers
to the case studies are provided at the end of select chapters.
Lastly, this textbook represents a collaborative effort between nationally
and internationally recognized dietitians, professors, researchers, nephrolo-
gists, pharmacists, and exercise specialists in the field of kidney disease and
clinical nutrition, thereby encouraging an interdisciplinary approach to pro-
viding care to this unique patient population across the globe. This collabora-
tive effort should make this textbook marketable to many diversified
audiences.
Greenvale, NY, USA Jerrilynn D. Burrowes
Memphis, TN, USA Csaba P. Kovesdy
Newark, NJ, USA Laura D. Byham-Gray
