Table Of ContentNutrition, Diet and
Healthy Aging
Edited by
Emiliana Giacomello and Luana Toniolo
Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Nutrients
www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients
Nutrition, Diet and Healthy Aging
Nutrition, Diet and Healthy Aging
Editors
EmilianaGiacomello
LuanaToniolo
MDPI•Basel•Beijing•Wuhan•Barcelona•Belgrade•Manchester•Tokyo•Cluj•Tianjin
Editors
EmilianaGiacomello LuanaToniolo
UniversityofTrieste UniversityofPadova
Italy Italy
EditorialOffice
MDPI
St.Alban-Anlage66
4052Basel,Switzerland
This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal
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Contents
AbouttheEditors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
EmilianaGiacomelloandLuanaToniolo
Nutrition,DietandHealthyAging
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2021,14,190,doi:10.3390/nu14010190 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
NurulIzzatiMohdSuffian,SitiNur‘AsyuraAdznam,HaziziAbuSaad,YokeMunChan,
ZuriatiIbrahim,NoraidaOmarandMuhammadFaizalMurat
Frailty Intervention through Nutrition Education and Exercise (FINE). A Health Promotion
InterventiontoPreventFrailtyandImproveFrailtyStatusamongPre-FrailElderly—AStudy
ProtocolofaClusterRandomizedControlledTrial
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2020,12,2758,doi:10.3390/nu12092758 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
ArnoldMarkovics,AttilaBiro´,AndreaKun-Nemes,Mo´nikaE´vaFazekas,AnnaAnitaRa´cz,
MelindaPaholcsek,Ja´nosLuka´cs,La´szlo´Stu¨ndlandJuditRemenyik
EffectofAnthocyanin-RichExtractofSourCherryforHyperglycemia-InducedInflammatory
ResponseandImpairedEndothelium-DependentVasodilation
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2020,12,3373,doi:10.3390/nu12113373 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
QinranLiu,JianjunGuo,LiangHu,NicolaVeronese,LeeSmith,LinYangandChaoCao
AssociationbetweenIntakeofEnergyandMacronutrientsandMemoryImpairmentSeverity
inUSOlderAdults,NationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey2011–2014
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2020,12,3559,doi:10.3390/nu12113559 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
MahaHussainAlhussain,ShaeaAlkahtani,OsamaAljuhaniandSyedShahidHabib
Effects of Nutrient Intake on Diagnostic Measures of Sarcopenia among Arab Men: A
Cross-SectionalStudy
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2020,13,114,doi:10.3390/nu13010114 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
JinheeKim,YunhwanLee,ChangWonWon,MiKyungKim,SeungheeKye,Jee-SeonShim,
SeungkookKiandJi-hyeYun
DietaryPatternsandFrailtyinOlderKoreanAdults:ResultsfromtheKoreanFrailtyandAging
CohortStudy
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2021,13,601,doi:10.3390/nu13020601 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
ToshikoTanaka,SameeraA.Talegawkar,YichenJin,StephaniaBandinelliandLuigiFerrucci
AssociationofAdherencetotheMediterranean-StyleDietwithLowerFrailtyIndexinOlder
Adults
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2021,13,1129,doi:10.3390/nu13041129 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Ana Moradell, A´ngel Iva´n Ferna´ndez-Garcı´a, David Navarrete-Villanueva,
Lucı´a Sagarra-Romero, Eva Gesteiro, Jorge Pe´rez-Go´mez, Irene Rodrı´guez-Go´mez,
Ignacio Ara, Jose A. Casaj u´s, Germa´n Vicente-Rodrı´guez and Alba Go´mez-Cabello
Functional Frailty, Dietary Intake, and Risk of Malnutrition. Are Nutrients Involved in Muscle
Synthesis the Key for Frailty Prevention?
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2021,13,1231,doi:10.3390/nu13041231 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Chwan-LiShen,SivapriyaRamamoorthy,GurvinderKaur,JannetteM.Dufour,RuiWang,
HuanbiaoMoandBruceA.Watkins
Dietary Annatto-Extracted Tocotrienol Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, and
ImprovesMacronutrientMetabolisminObeseMice:AMetabolicProfilingStudy
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2021,13,1267,doi:10.3390/nu13041267 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
v
Qiumin Huang, Xiaofang Jia, Jiguo Zhang, Feifei Huang, Huijun Wang, Bing Zhang,
Liusen Wang, Hongru Jiang and Zhihong Wang
Diet–Cognition Associations Differ in Mild Cognitive Impairment Subtypes
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2021,13,1341,doi:10.3390/nu13041341 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
LarryA.Tucker
FruitandVegetableIntakeandTelomereLengthinaRandomSampleof5448U.S.Adults
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2021,13,1415,doi:10.3390/nu13051415 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Dominika Jamioł-Milc, Jowita Biernawska, Magdalena Liput, Laura Stachowska
and Zdzisław Domiszewski
Seafood Intake as a Method of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) Prevention in Adults
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2021,13,1422,doi:10.3390/nu13051422 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
JaquelineC.Avila,RafaelSamper-TernentandRebecaWong
MalnutritionRiskamongOlderMexicanAdultsintheMexicanHealthandAgingStudy
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2021,13,1615,doi:10.3390/nu13051615 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
JianZhangandAiZhao
DietaryDiversityandHealthyAging:AProspectiveStudy
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2021,13,1787,doi:10.3390/nu13061787 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
MarinaMart´ın, AmaiaRodr´ıguez, JavierGo´mez-Ambrosi, BeatrizRam´ırez, SaraBecerril,
VictoriaCatala´n,MiguelLo´pez,CarlosDie´guez,GemaFru¨hbeckandMar´ıaA.Burrell
Caloric Restriction Prevents Metabolic Dysfunction and the Changes in Hypothalamic
NeuropeptidesAssociatedwithObesityIndependentlyofDietaryFatContentinRats
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2021,13,2128,doi:10.3390/nu13072128 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
EmilianaGiacomelloandLuanaToniolo
ThePotentialofCalorieRestrictionandCalorieRestrictionMimeticsinDelayingAging:Focus
onExperimentalModels
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2021,13,2346,doi:10.3390/nu13072346 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Nikolina Jukic Peladic, Giuseppina Dell’Aquila, Barbara Carrieri, Marcello Maggio,
Antonio Cherubini and Paolo Orlandoni
Potential Role of Probiotics for Inflammaging: A Narrative Review
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2021,13,2919,doi:10.3390/nu13092919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
WonJang,YoonjinShinandYanghaKim
DietaryPatternAccompaniedwithaHighFoodVarietyScoreIsNegativelyAssociatedwith
FrailtyinOlderAdults
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2021,13,3164,doi:10.3390/nu13093164 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Katherine Marie Ottolini, Elizabeth Vinson Schulz, Catherine Limperopoulos
and Nickie Andescavage
Using Nature to Nurture: Breast Milk Analysis and Fortification to Improve Growth and
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2021,13,4307,doi:10.3390/nu13124307 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
vi
About the Editors
EmilianaGiacomello
EmilianaGiacomelloworksasanAssistantProfessorattheDepartmentofMedicine,Surgery
andHealthattheUniversityofTrieste.Hermaininterestsarefocusedonthestudyofskeletalmuscle
plasticityinthedifferentiationanddevelopmentofdifferentphysiologicalconditions,suchasageing.
In this context, her most recent research centered on the study of the diet and calorie restriction
mimetics in ageing animal models. Her research encompasses in vitro and vivo studies, which
includecellculture,animalmodelsandhumantissues. Shespecializesinthecharacterizationofthe
skeletalmusclecellsusinghistomorphologymethodologies. Shehasexpertiseintheapplicationof
conventional and confocal fluorescence microscopy, which allows for collaboration with multiple
groups to share and implement the obtained knowledge. In parallel to her research activity, she
fulfills her didactic commitments in the courses of Medicine and Surgery and Technical Health
Professions.
LuanaToniolo
Luana Toniolo is a university researcher and works as an Assistant Professor in the muscle
physiologyandbiophysicslaboratoryoftheDepartmentofBiomedicalSciencesasamemberofthe
“Muscle Contractility and Plasticity” research group. The research activity is centered on muscle
physiology,particularlythecellularandmolecularaspectsofthediversitybetweenskeletalmuscle
fibers.Shespecializesinthepreparationandmanipulationofsingle-skinnedcellsandexvivomuscle
preparationsforthestudyofthephysiologicalcharacteristicsofmammalianskeletalmuscle. She
isinterestedinvariousproblemsrelatedtomuscletissue, particularlythephysiologicalresponses
of skeletal muscle and its adaptations to stimuli such as training, immobilization, denervation or
physiological changes such as aging. Alongside her research activity, she has various didactic
commitments.HerteachingactivitiesweremainlycarriedoutinthecontextofherdegreeinMedicine
andSurgery.Since2011shehasbeenamemberoftheItalianSocietyofPhysiology.
vii
nutrients
Editorial
Nutrition, Diet and Healthy Aging
EmilianaGiacomello1,*andLuanaToniolo2,*
1 DepartmentofMedicine,SurgeryandHealthSciences,UniversityofTrieste,34149Trieste,Italy
2 LaboratoryofMuscleBiophysics,DepartmentofBiomedicalSciences,UniversityofPadova,
35131Padova,Italy
* Correspondence:[email protected](E.G.);[email protected](L.T.)
Thecurrentincreaseinlifeexpectancyisconfirmedbydatafromdifferentsources(i.e.,
TheWorldPopulationProspects2019issuedbytheUnitedNations;https://population.un.
org/wpp/(accessedon20December2021)),whichpredictthat,inthenearfuture,individ-
ualswhoareover65andover80willbethefastest-growingportionofthepopulation.
Althoughtheincreaseinlifespanisapositiveeffectoftheworld’simprovedsanitary,
nutritional,andsocioeconomicconditions,itisnotfreeofcomplications. Actually,this
improvedlifespanisassociatedwithanintensificationofchronicdiseases,suchascar-
diovasculardisease,diabetes,cancer,sarcopenia,anddegenerativedisorders,whichare
groupedintowhatarecallednon-communicablediseases.
Agingisdeterminedbythefunctionalalterationofcell-andorgan-relatedmechanisms
thatcontributetothefunctionaldeclineoftheindividual.Thesealterationsconvergetoa
complexconditioncalledfrailty,wheretheindividualexperiencesalossofphysicaland
psychologicalabilities,leadingtoastateofincreasedriskforadversehealthoutcomesin
severalpathologies.
Atpresent,thefrailtyindexisaclinicallyevaluatedmethodthatcanbeusedtoassess
thequalityofaging,whichdependsontheindividual’sexpositiontodifferentphysical
activities,nutritionalregimens,andothersocioeconomiccharacteristics.Therefore,frailty
resultsinamodifiableconditionthatcanbeimprovedwithaffordableadjustmentsin
lifestyle,suchasfollowinganutritionalregimenthatmeetstheneedsofagedpeople.
TheaimofthisSpecialIssuetitled“NutritionandHealthyAgeing”istoprovide
Citation:Giacomello,E.;Toniolo,L.
anoverviewontheconnectionbetweennutritionandaging,updateknowledgeonthe
Nutrition,DietandHealthyAging.
mechanismsthatareresponsibleforaging,andreportonnutritionalstrategiesthatcanbe
Nutrients2022,14,190. https://
implementedtoovercomeage-relateddiseases.
doi.org/10.3390/nu14010190
ThisSpecialIssuecollects14researcharticlesand4reviewsthatspanfromstudiesin
Received:22December2021 thepopulationtobasicresearchonexperimentalmodels.Overall,thecollectiontouches
Accepted:29December2021
themessuchasdietarydiversity,calorierestrictionregimens,physicalexercise,antiaging
Published:31December2021
agents,socialissues,andstrategiestopromotehealthyaging.Attestingtothewidespread
Publisher’sNote:MDPIstaysneutral interestinthecorrelationbetweennutritionandhealthyaging,thecurrentissuereports
withregardtojurisdictionalclaimsin dataonthecorrelationbetweendietandhealthyagingfromChina,Italy,Korea,Malaysia,
publishedmapsandinstitutionalaffil- Mexico,SaudiArabia,Spain,andtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.
iations. Themostmarkedmessagethatemergesfromthiscollectionisthecorrelationbetween
thefrailtyindexanddietarydiversity.Studiesfromdifferentcountrieswithverydiverse
nutritionalhabitsshowthatagedindividualswithagooddietvarietyscorepresenta
betterfrailtyindex[1–10].Evidently,duetothediversegeographicaloriginofthedata,it
Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.
isdifficulttoinferwhatthebestdiettoavoidortopostponetheoccurrenceoffrailtyis.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Moreover,asdeterminedbythestudyofAvilaandcollaborators[11],othersocioeconomic
Thisarticleisanopenaccessarticle
factorscanincreasetheriskofmalnutritionandcannegativelyinfluencethehealthstatus
distributed under the terms and
ofagingpeople.
conditionsoftheCreativeCommons
Themaintenanceofmentalcapacitiesisoneimportantfactorthatcharacterizeshealthy
Attribution(CCBY)license(https://
aging.AsraisedbyworkfromLiuandcollaborators[7]fromandZhang[2]andcollabo-
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/). rators,thepsychologicalconditionsofagedpeoplecouldalsobecorrelatedwithdietary
Nutrients2022,14,190.https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010190 1 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients
