Nutrition and Immunology

371 Pages·1993·10.92 MB·English

by  Johanna T. Dwyer (auth.)

Nutrition and
Immunology
Human Nutrition
A COMPREHENSIVE TREATISE
General Editors:
Roslyn B. A/fin-Slater, University of California, Los Angeles
David Kritchevsky, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia
Volume 1 Nutrition: Pre- and Postnatal Development
Edited by Myron Winick
Volume 2 Nutrition and Growth
Edited by Derrick B. Jelliffe and E. F. Patrice Jelliffe
Volume 3A Nutrition and the Adult: Macronutrients
Edited by Roslyn B. Alfin-Slater and David Kritchevsky
Volume 3B Nutrition and the Adult: Micronutrients
Edited by Roslyn B. Alfin-Slater and David Kritchevsky
Volume 4 Nutrition: Metabolic and Clinical Applications
Edited by Robert E. Hodges
Volume 5 Nutrition and Behavior
Edited by Janina R. Galler
Volume 6 Nutrition, Aging, and the Elderly
Edited by Hamish N. Munro and Darla E. Danford
Volume 7 Cancer and Nutrition
Edited by Roslyn B. A/fin-Slater and David Kritchevsky
Volume 8 Nutrition and Immunology
Edited by David M. Klurfeld
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of
each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment.
For further information please contact the publisher.
Nutrition and
Immunology
Edited by
David M. Klurfeld
Wayne State University
Detroit, Michigan
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
ISSN 0886-6848
ISBN 978-1-4613-6257-9 ISBN 978-1-4615-2900-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-2900-2
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York 1993
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1993
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
A11 rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
Contributors
Adrianne Bendich • Hoffman-LaRoche Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110
John M. Daly • Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Uni
versity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Johanna T. Dwyer • Departments of Medicine and Community Health, Tufts Med
ical School and School of Nutrition; Frances Stern Nutrition Center, New England
Medical Center Hospitals; and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutri
tion Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02130
Kent L. Erickson • Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University
of California, School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616
Mark L. Failla • Department of Food, Nutrition, and Food Service Management,
University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412
G. Fernandes • Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science
Center, San Antonio, Texas 78284
Pamela J. Fraker • Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824
Aharon Friedman • Department of Animal Sciences, Hebrew University of Jeru
salem, Rehovot, Israel 76-100
Cindy J. Fuller • Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca,
New York 14853
Beth A. Garvy • Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824
S. Halken • Department of Pediatrics, Kolding Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
A. Hvst • Department of Pediatrics, S0nderborg, Hospital, S0nderborg, Denmark
v
vi Contributors
Neil E. Hubbard • Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University
of California, School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616
S. Husby • Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Den
mark
Chithan Kandaswami • Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immu
nology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New
York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
Louis E. King • Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824
David M. Klurfeld • Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
Solo Kuvibidila • Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology,
Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
Carmen A. Medina • Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824
Elliott Middleton, Jr. • Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immu
nology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New
York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
David Ode • Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Loui
siana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
Joseph R. Prohaska • Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uni
versity of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812
H. Paul Redmond • Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19104
Daphne A. Roe • Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca,
New York 14853
Adria R. Sherman • Department of Nutritional Sciences, Cook College, Rutgers
The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
Benjamin V. Siegel • Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Oregon
Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97201
David Sklan • Department of Animal Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
Rehovot, Israel 76-100
Amanda T. Spear • Department of Nutritional Sciences, Cook College, Rutgers
The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
Jerry W. Spears • Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Nutrition
Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
Contributors vii
Judith R. Stabel • National Animal Disease Center, ARS, United States Depart
ment of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa 50010
]. T. Venkatraman • Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health
Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78284
Raj P. Warrier • Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology,
Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
Lolie Yu • Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Louisiana
State University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
Preface
Historically, nutrient deficiencies have been of greater concern than dietary excess.
However, along with the realization that deaths due to certain diseases are more
prevalent in affluent countries came the conclusion that nutritional excess is of equal or
greater concern in many nations. Because immunologic reactions may play a role in
development of both cancer and atherosclerosis, better understanding of these interre
lated phenomena may lead to innovative ideas for control of these diseases.
There has been considerable interest in the role various nutrients may play in
regulating immunologic responses. This has been especially true as a possible mecha
nism by which fat modulates growth of tumors in animals. Likewise, deficiency or
excess of a number of other individual nutrients have been linked to altered immune
responses.
This volume of Human Nutrition-A Comprehensive Treatise details the effects of
a number of nutrients on immunity. The first chapter covers questionable and fraudu
lent claims linking nutrition and immunity. The next chapter examines several aspects
of food allergy. Ensuing chapters focus on specific nutrients such as fat, cholesterol,
arginine, vitamins C, A, and E, carotenoids, flavonoids, zinc, iron, copper, and sele
nium. There are two chapters on total energy intake affecting immune response, one
examining protein-energy malnutrition and the other describing the effects of food
restriction in otherwise healthy animals. Although this volume does not attempt to
cover all of the nutrients that have been shown to alter immune responses, it does
represent an extensive review of our current knowledge in this area. It is hoped that
greater appreciation of single nutrient effects and awareness of potential nutrient in
teractions in immunologic studies will result from referral to this book.
ix
Contents
Chapter 1
Nutrition, Immunology, and Quackery
Johanna T. Dwyer
1 . Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. Appeals of Questionable Therapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Reasons for Concern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4. Factors Influencing the Use of Unproven Therapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. Evaluating Questionable Claims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6. Common Forms of Nutritional Immunology Quackery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.1. Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.2. HIV and AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.3. Arthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6.4. Food Allergies and Intolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7. Collaboration between Nutritionists and Immunologists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8. Dietary Counseling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
9. Helpful Steps in Acting to Limit Quackery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Chapter 2
Food Allergy
S. Husby, S. Halken, and A. H(Jst
I . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2. Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3. Incidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4. Clinical Manifestations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.2. Gastrointestinal Tract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
xi